Therapists in Bloomington, MN

Photo of Heidi Edgett, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Heidi Edgett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with a variety of presenting issues including but not limited to: depression and mood disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD and C-PTSD, grief, emotion regulation difficulties, sleep difficulties, self-harm and suicidal ideation, work and relationship stress, improving communication in important relationships and navigating life stress. I enjoy including family members in therapy sessions when desired or appropriate. I incorporate DBT, CBT, Mindfulness and strengths-based, solution-focused perspectives into my practice. I am not currently working with couples or children under 13.
I enjoy working with a variety of presenting issues including but not limited to: depression and mood disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD and C-PTSD, grief, emotion regulation difficulties, sleep difficulties, self-harm and suicidal ideation, work and relationship stress, improving communication in important relationships and navigating life stress. I enjoy including family members in therapy sessions when desired or appropriate. I incorporate DBT, CBT, Mindfulness and strengths-based, solution-focused perspectives into my practice. I am not currently working with couples or children under 13.
(855) 732-5705 x723 View (855) 732-5705 x723
Photo of Ellen Richmond, LPCC, Counselor
Ellen Richmond
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Do you often find yourself stuck in a mindset that doesn't seem to be working for you - one that's critical, repetitive, and overwhelming? Does it feel like stressful events from your past never go away, no matter how hard you try to move past them? Perhaps you feel exhausted from poor focus, issues with trusting, distressing emotions, or a general lack of meaning in life. It seems like everyone else has it together, but you are starting to lose hope that things can get better. You are looking for someone to help you find a sense of balance and move toward the life you desire.
Do you often find yourself stuck in a mindset that doesn't seem to be working for you - one that's critical, repetitive, and overwhelming? Does it feel like stressful events from your past never go away, no matter how hard you try to move past them? Perhaps you feel exhausted from poor focus, issues with trusting, distressing emotions, or a general lack of meaning in life. It seems like everyone else has it together, but you are starting to lose hope that things can get better. You are looking for someone to help you find a sense of balance and move toward the life you desire.
(952) 260-4876 View (952) 260-4876
Photo of Dr. Stacey Wright, PsyD, LP, Psychologist
Dr. Stacey Wright
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Are you often stuck in your own head, overwhelmed, or experiencing thoughts on a loop? Have others pointed out your "perfectionist" or "people-pleasing" tendencies before? Does it feel like you are slowly distancing yourself from the world? If you resonate with any of these experiences, you're not alone. Many of my clients come to me feeling exactly like this. Together, we can explore these challenges, understand their roots, and work towards a brighter, more fulfilling future that is grounded in your values. You deserve a life that's not defined by intrusive thoughts, worries, or self-doubt, and I'm here to help you reclaim it.
Are you often stuck in your own head, overwhelmed, or experiencing thoughts on a loop? Have others pointed out your "perfectionist" or "people-pleasing" tendencies before? Does it feel like you are slowly distancing yourself from the world? If you resonate with any of these experiences, you're not alone. Many of my clients come to me feeling exactly like this. Together, we can explore these challenges, understand their roots, and work towards a brighter, more fulfilling future that is grounded in your values. You deserve a life that's not defined by intrusive thoughts, worries, or self-doubt, and I'm here to help you reclaim it.
(612) 712-8487 x9 View (612) 712-8487 x9
Photo of Great Lakes Psychology Group - Great Lakes Psychology Group - Bloomington, Psychologist
Great Lakes Psychology Group - Bloomington
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Accepting new patients! Whether you are new to therapy or looking to start again, Great Lakes Psychology Group - Bloomington understands that starting therapy can be overwhelming. That’s why we simplified the process with Find My Therapist. Get started by telling us about yourself, your location, and your insurance. Once you find your best-fit therapist, pick a time that works for you and book an appointment instantly through their calendar. Find My Therapist aims to make your journey as stress-free as possible, so you can start feeling better sooner.
Accepting new patients! Whether you are new to therapy or looking to start again, Great Lakes Psychology Group - Bloomington understands that starting therapy can be overwhelming. That’s why we simplified the process with Find My Therapist. Get started by telling us about yourself, your location, and your insurance. Once you find your best-fit therapist, pick a time that works for you and book an appointment instantly through their calendar. Find My Therapist aims to make your journey as stress-free as possible, so you can start feeling better sooner.
(952) 295-3214 View (952) 295-3214
Photo of Marcia Seebachan, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marcia Seebachan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55425
If you are here, it is likely that something in your life isn’t serving you well, shattered your plans and expectations, left you wondering how to navigate next steps, or all of the above. Medical crises and treatments can leave trauma and pain in their path for both a patient and those closest to them. Medical treatment can be necessary and beneficial to someone’s health while also being traumatic and painful. You are justified in feeling a complex mix of gratitude and grief about your experiences. You want better for yourself and that is a solid foundation for progress. You deserve to find joy in life, whatever it has thrown at yo
If you are here, it is likely that something in your life isn’t serving you well, shattered your plans and expectations, left you wondering how to navigate next steps, or all of the above. Medical crises and treatments can leave trauma and pain in their path for both a patient and those closest to them. Medical treatment can be necessary and beneficial to someone’s health while also being traumatic and painful. You are justified in feeling a complex mix of gratitude and grief about your experiences. You want better for yourself and that is a solid foundation for progress. You deserve to find joy in life, whatever it has thrown at yo
(952) 592-3450 View (952) 592-3450
Photo of Iesha McLeod, PsyD,  LP, Psychologist
Iesha McLeod
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55435
Dr. Iesha McLeod is a licensed Psychologist in Minnesota who has been practicing since 2012. She completed her Bachelor’s degree in Clinical/Counseling Psychology at Saint Xavier University and her Master’s and Doctorate degrees in Clinical Psychology at Albizu University. Dr. McLeod is passionate about helping people improve their emotional concerns as well as improving their overall mindset, so that they can understand their limitless life possibilities. Her goal is to guide individuals into a greater awareness and deeper healing, so that they can make the best decisions for themselves. Dr.
Dr. Iesha McLeod is a licensed Psychologist in Minnesota who has been practicing since 2012. She completed her Bachelor’s degree in Clinical/Counseling Psychology at Saint Xavier University and her Master’s and Doctorate degrees in Clinical Psychology at Albizu University. Dr. McLeod is passionate about helping people improve their emotional concerns as well as improving their overall mindset, so that they can understand their limitless life possibilities. Her goal is to guide individuals into a greater awareness and deeper healing, so that they can make the best decisions for themselves. Dr.
(952) 522-3609 View (952) 522-3609
Photo of Nicki Vasquez, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicki Vasquez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55425
My clinical work focuses on building strong, meaningful, reparative connections with people, in which I truly honor your vulnerability and wisdom. In our work together, I will meet you exactly where you are in your journey, and bring high energy and passion as we work to help you navigate your current challenges. I work primarily with adolescents, young adults, parents, and helping/service industry professionals, and have 10+ years experience in the mental health field.
My clinical work focuses on building strong, meaningful, reparative connections with people, in which I truly honor your vulnerability and wisdom. In our work together, I will meet you exactly where you are in your journey, and bring high energy and passion as we work to help you navigate your current challenges. I work primarily with adolescents, young adults, parents, and helping/service industry professionals, and have 10+ years experience in the mental health field.
(952) 592-0732 View (952) 592-0732
Photo of Jan Weber - Therapy Place Services LLC, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Therapy Place Services LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55420
I work with people who are interested in holistic health and traditional methods. I see motivated folx who invest in getting better by working outside sessions. I see people from difficult families, with mood, career, family, couple, chronic medical/cancer, obsessive/compulsive, attention, spiritual issues, and people who want to be more successful in relationships and with themselves. I see adults and elders, people from various cultures, countries and religions. I offer Saturday and evening appointments. I research concerns and network with holistic health professionals for your needs.
I work with people who are interested in holistic health and traditional methods. I see motivated folx who invest in getting better by working outside sessions. I see people from difficult families, with mood, career, family, couple, chronic medical/cancer, obsessive/compulsive, attention, spiritual issues, and people who want to be more successful in relationships and with themselves. I see adults and elders, people from various cultures, countries and religions. I offer Saturday and evening appointments. I research concerns and network with holistic health professionals for your needs.
(952) 679-6924 View (952) 679-6924
Photo of Heather Cassidy, MS, LPCC, Counselor
Heather Cassidy
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55425
It can be a very scary feeling to take the first step towards therapy for you or your loved ones, and it takes courage and strength to ask for help. You are now taking those all-important first steps! You may be experiencing feelings of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and hopelessness, just to mention a few on a very long list of not-so-good feelings. Any of these feelings can make you feel stressed, unmotivated, and not knowing how to move forward.
It can be a very scary feeling to take the first step towards therapy for you or your loved ones, and it takes courage and strength to ask for help. You are now taking those all-important first steps! You may be experiencing feelings of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and hopelessness, just to mention a few on a very long list of not-so-good feelings. Any of these feelings can make you feel stressed, unmotivated, and not knowing how to move forward.
(952) 592-9613 View (952) 592-9613
Photo of Shawn Gravelle, MEd, LPCC, Counselor
Shawn Gravelle
Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55431
I work in collaboration with clients exploring current issues and reviewing how mind and body are interconnected. I believe when people have hope, create awareness and can learn to challenge and replace irrational thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes, they can experience change.
I work in collaboration with clients exploring current issues and reviewing how mind and body are interconnected. I believe when people have hope, create awareness and can learn to challenge and replace irrational thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes, they can experience change.
(952) 333-4624 View (952) 333-4624
Photo of Elizabeth Matoushek, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Matoushek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
When our emotions control too much of our lives we can feel powerless, unable to achieve our goals and values. I provide a safe and welcoming space to grow awareness and skills to better manage emotions, take back control life, and reach a state of well-being. I work with clients who have various concerns such as stress, depression, anxiety, or more challenging issues. I have extensive experience working with clients having acute or chronic thoughts of suicide and self-harm behavior, creating workable safety plans. As a former police officer, I have an understanding of what first responders experience in their day-to-day lives.
When our emotions control too much of our lives we can feel powerless, unable to achieve our goals and values. I provide a safe and welcoming space to grow awareness and skills to better manage emotions, take back control life, and reach a state of well-being. I work with clients who have various concerns such as stress, depression, anxiety, or more challenging issues. I have extensive experience working with clients having acute or chronic thoughts of suicide and self-harm behavior, creating workable safety plans. As a former police officer, I have an understanding of what first responders experience in their day-to-day lives.
(952) 395-6781 View (952) 395-6781
Photo of Laura Rademacher, MA, LMFT, CST, CSTS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Laura Rademacher
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CST, CSTS
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55425
Relationships can be the most important things in our lives and they can also be our greatest struggles. Sex is another important topic-our own sexual selves as well as our sexual relationships with others. But we don't always have a lot of places to talk about these important issues. This is why I specialize in relationship and sex therapy. I am a Certified Sex Therapist through AASECT and a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I also offer online classes for couples and individuals at classes.laurarademacher.com.
Relationships can be the most important things in our lives and they can also be our greatest struggles. Sex is another important topic-our own sexual selves as well as our sexual relationships with others. But we don't always have a lot of places to talk about these important issues. This is why I specialize in relationship and sex therapy. I am a Certified Sex Therapist through AASECT and a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I also offer online classes for couples and individuals at classes.laurarademacher.com.
(612) 879-0476 View (612) 879-0476
Photo of Stacey L. Stillmunkes, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stacey L. Stillmunkes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55437  (Online Only)
I truly believe that all human beings have the ability to be mentally well; however, I recognize there are life experiences that can affect the human spirit deeply, guiding you to believe you are damaged, unlovable, or mentally unwell. It is my passion to guide people back to seeing themselves and life through a more positive lens where hope can be awakened and where peace, security, contentment, and joy can be found. I believe all people are affected by life's hardships differently, however we all have one thing in common: the ability to be well.
I truly believe that all human beings have the ability to be mentally well; however, I recognize there are life experiences that can affect the human spirit deeply, guiding you to believe you are damaged, unlovable, or mentally unwell. It is my passion to guide people back to seeing themselves and life through a more positive lens where hope can be awakened and where peace, security, contentment, and joy can be found. I believe all people are affected by life's hardships differently, however we all have one thing in common: the ability to be well.
(651) 583-5907 View (651) 583-5907
Photo of Stephanie Ann Palazzola, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Ann Palazzola
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
My goal is to support clients to improve their quality of daily life and I am committed to supporting them achieve better outcomes for themselves. I work with clients and their families to learn healthy strategies for managing anxiety and depression that may be debilitating or preventing them from doing things they once loved and enjoy doing.
My goal is to support clients to improve their quality of daily life and I am committed to supporting them achieve better outcomes for themselves. I work with clients and their families to learn healthy strategies for managing anxiety and depression that may be debilitating or preventing them from doing things they once loved and enjoy doing.
(952) 592-4265 x755 View (952) 592-4265 x755
Photo of Madison Gruenewald, MA, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Madison Gruenewald
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Hello, I am Madison Gruenewald and I am a licensed therapist in the state of Minnesota. I have 9 years experience working in outpatient mental health/substance use disorder treatment, helping clients work through relationship issues, mood management, value exploration, recovery from addiction and codependency, etc. My experience includes working with individuals, groups and families and have worked with both adolescents and adults. My passion is working collaboratively alongside my clients as they navigate through their healing and create a more authentic and fulfilling life.
Hello, I am Madison Gruenewald and I am a licensed therapist in the state of Minnesota. I have 9 years experience working in outpatient mental health/substance use disorder treatment, helping clients work through relationship issues, mood management, value exploration, recovery from addiction and codependency, etc. My experience includes working with individuals, groups and families and have worked with both adolescents and adults. My passion is working collaboratively alongside my clients as they navigate through their healing and create a more authentic and fulfilling life.
(952) 529-4214 View (952) 529-4214
Photo of Judy Cavazos-Beal, LMFT, LADC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Judy Cavazos-Beal
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LADC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Sometimes you may find yourself experiencing conflicting emotions or in complex relationships. Therapy helps you find clarity and return to emotional wellness. I include family members in session when helpful and I explore with you ways to achieve enriching emotional and interpersonal experiences. I'm originally from Mexico and moved to MN in 1997, which allows me to provide therapy fluently in Spanish and/or English along with a personal understanding of Latino culture, American culture and multicultural relationships.
Sometimes you may find yourself experiencing conflicting emotions or in complex relationships. Therapy helps you find clarity and return to emotional wellness. I include family members in session when helpful and I explore with you ways to achieve enriching emotional and interpersonal experiences. I'm originally from Mexico and moved to MN in 1997, which allows me to provide therapy fluently in Spanish and/or English along with a personal understanding of Latino culture, American culture and multicultural relationships.
(866) 622-8458 x706 View (866) 622-8458 x706
Photo of Jay Theisen - Canvas Health, Bloomington, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Canvas Health, Bloomington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55425
All Are Welcome at our Bloomington mental health clinic. We believe that getting help is taking a bold step towards getting what you need, and getting "unstuck" from the things that are holding you back. Our Bloomington clinicians use a variety of therapeutic approaches, adapting and customizing all of the possible tools for each unique client to build upon your innate strengths.
All Are Welcome at our Bloomington mental health clinic. We believe that getting help is taking a bold step towards getting what you need, and getting "unstuck" from the things that are holding you back. Our Bloomington clinicians use a variety of therapeutic approaches, adapting and customizing all of the possible tools for each unique client to build upon your innate strengths.
(612) 800-0458 View (612) 800-0458
Photo of Molly B Samuelson Lcc, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Molly B Samuelson Lcc
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55435
Waitlist for new clients
Hello there, my name is Molly and I am grateful to be able to do the work I do. My experience is broad, but I have a special interest and passion for supporting those going through pregnancy, postpartum, and all things perinatal mental health. As a mother myself, it is a gift to be able to support and give back to a community I identify with.
Hello there, my name is Molly and I am grateful to be able to do the work I do. My experience is broad, but I have a special interest and passion for supporting those going through pregnancy, postpartum, and all things perinatal mental health. As a mother myself, it is a gift to be able to support and give back to a community I identify with.
(952) 900-2267 View (952) 900-2267
Photo of Roy Haddad - Cedar Serenity Therapy and Counseling, MA, LPCC, LADC
Cedar Serenity Therapy and Counseling
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Together we will navigate life's challenges and improve your relationship with self and the relationships most important to you. We will explore how your thoughts and feelings are present in your body. We will also work together to develop new tools that can help you identify and communicate your feelings, boundaries, and triggers. We will practice some skills and techniques that will help you regulate your own emotions, gain confidence, and have more control over your thoughts and feelings.
Together we will navigate life's challenges and improve your relationship with self and the relationships most important to you. We will explore how your thoughts and feelings are present in your body. We will also work together to develop new tools that can help you identify and communicate your feelings, boundaries, and triggers. We will practice some skills and techniques that will help you regulate your own emotions, gain confidence, and have more control over your thoughts and feelings.
(952) 522-8016 View (952) 522-8016
Photo of Craig Polsfuss, MA, LP, MSW, Psychologist
Craig Polsfuss
Psychologist, MA, LP, MSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431  (Online Only)
My four decades of practice has shown that no matter what brings you to counseling, every person wants to live in consistent positive feelings – comfortable in their own skin and enjoying life – able to navigate the ups and downs with resilience and effectiveness – able to solve the problems they face and move forward. This is the focus of my sessions – tailored to your specific situation and needs. Sessions are comfortable and informal. I can help nearly every client I see because I know all people have innate mental wellbeing and the ability to connect to it in a simple way that deepens and endures. Let’s chat.
My four decades of practice has shown that no matter what brings you to counseling, every person wants to live in consistent positive feelings – comfortable in their own skin and enjoying life – able to navigate the ups and downs with resilience and effectiveness – able to solve the problems they face and move forward. This is the focus of my sessions – tailored to your specific situation and needs. Sessions are comfortable and informal. I can help nearly every client I see because I know all people have innate mental wellbeing and the ability to connect to it in a simple way that deepens and endures. Let’s chat.
(612) 400-7827 View (612) 400-7827
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bloomington, MN

200+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Bloomington, MN who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
92% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
78% Trauma and PTSD
74% Stress
71% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% Aetna
65% UCare

How Therapists in Bloomington, MN see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bloomington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.