Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

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Photo of Julienne Roa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Julienne Roa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85255  (Online Only)
Everyone thinks you’ve got it together, but the loud, incessant voice of your inner critic is telling you that you’re never going to be enough. You are a perfectionist and take pride in the things you do. When you hear the words, “imposter syndrome”, you can completely relate. You hope nobody knows that you truly don’t have it together at all. You struggle in relationships, and part of you knows that it may have something to do with your dysfunctional childhood and never feeling seen. You have big emotions, you don’t want to be seen as “too much”, and you most definitely don’t want to feel rejected.
Everyone thinks you’ve got it together, but the loud, incessant voice of your inner critic is telling you that you’re never going to be enough. You are a perfectionist and take pride in the things you do. When you hear the words, “imposter syndrome”, you can completely relate. You hope nobody knows that you truly don’t have it together at all. You struggle in relationships, and part of you knows that it may have something to do with your dysfunctional childhood and never feeling seen. You have big emotions, you don’t want to be seen as “too much”, and you most definitely don’t want to feel rejected.
(480) 418-1687 View (480) 418-1687
Photo of Dr. Kayla Dawn Sumberg in Scottsdale, AZ
Dr. Kayla Dawn Sumberg
NMD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85257
Welcome to holistic therapy, provided by a licensed Naturopathic Doctor and healing specialists. We specialize in healing trauma and emotional/behavior disturbance with safe and unique programs designed to create a healthier internal environment within your physical, mental and emotional self. A traumatic event involves a single or repeated experience. It is not the event that determines whether something is traumatic to someone, but the individual’s experience of the event and the meaning they make of it. We support you in healing your trauma by providing safe therapies, greater self awareness, connections, insights, and purpose.
Welcome to holistic therapy, provided by a licensed Naturopathic Doctor and healing specialists. We specialize in healing trauma and emotional/behavior disturbance with safe and unique programs designed to create a healthier internal environment within your physical, mental and emotional self. A traumatic event involves a single or repeated experience. It is not the event that determines whether something is traumatic to someone, but the individual’s experience of the event and the meaning they make of it. We support you in healing your trauma by providing safe therapies, greater self awareness, connections, insights, and purpose.
(480) 588-0031 View (480) 588-0031
Photo of Mordy Gottlieb, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Mordy Gottlieb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CSAT-C, ART
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
If you often feel overwhelmed, facing challenges in your relationships, or resorting to substances, or other behaviors to cope with life's ups and downs, it's time to consider a change. If seeking validation externally has become a habit, or your usual ways of dealing with life no longer serve you, there's hope. I'm here to guide you on a journey of self-discovery, helping you connect with yourself, manage emotions healthily, and attain a sense of intimacy and balance. Achieving security within yourself and making peace with the past is not only possible but within reach.
If you often feel overwhelmed, facing challenges in your relationships, or resorting to substances, or other behaviors to cope with life's ups and downs, it's time to consider a change. If seeking validation externally has become a habit, or your usual ways of dealing with life no longer serve you, there's hope. I'm here to guide you on a journey of self-discovery, helping you connect with yourself, manage emotions healthily, and attain a sense of intimacy and balance. Achieving security within yourself and making peace with the past is not only possible but within reach.
(602) 894-9282 View (602) 894-9282
Photo of Kim DiRe', Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Kim DiRe'
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd, SEP, DBH
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
I am a trauma healing specialist. I work with individuals that have difficulty balancing their nervous system due to a breach of relationship, tissue trauma, preverbal, in utero, birth trauma, and other long term complex trauma issues. I help restore the body, mind, and spirit...or cranial brain, heart brain, and gut brain to optimum function and nervous system balance by using the resilience and survival mechanisms of the individual.
I am a trauma healing specialist. I work with individuals that have difficulty balancing their nervous system due to a breach of relationship, tissue trauma, preverbal, in utero, birth trauma, and other long term complex trauma issues. I help restore the body, mind, and spirit...or cranial brain, heart brain, and gut brain to optimum function and nervous system balance by using the resilience and survival mechanisms of the individual.
(480) 712-0643 View (480) 712-0643
Photo of Ashleigh Fall, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Ashleigh Fall
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT-S, NCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Waitlist for new clients
Ashleigh is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor, providing individual and family therapy with people of all ages. She specializes in working with young children 2-6 years old, as well as teens and young adults. She also provides supervision to associate therapists seeking independent licensure, as well as therapists looking to earn their Registered Play Therapist credentials. Her primarily styles of therapy are Client-Centered and Adlerian approaches.
Ashleigh is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor, providing individual and family therapy with people of all ages. She specializes in working with young children 2-6 years old, as well as teens and young adults. She also provides supervision to associate therapists seeking independent licensure, as well as therapists looking to earn their Registered Play Therapist credentials. Her primarily styles of therapy are Client-Centered and Adlerian approaches.
(480) 212-5531 View (480) 212-5531
Photo of Lisa Jordan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Lisa Jordan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
Struggling with anxiety, overcome by stress, can't "think" your way out of that box? I can help you get unstuck, and work with your own unique strengths to overcome problem areas, and find greater joy and peace of mind. I offer a safe, welcoming environment in which to understand yourself and others, and to use the past as a powerful guide for gaining insight and clarity about how to get more of what you really want. I help individuals and couples create healthy communication and connection in their relationships with family, partners and others, with greater confidence and self-awareness.
Struggling with anxiety, overcome by stress, can't "think" your way out of that box? I can help you get unstuck, and work with your own unique strengths to overcome problem areas, and find greater joy and peace of mind. I offer a safe, welcoming environment in which to understand yourself and others, and to use the past as a powerful guide for gaining insight and clarity about how to get more of what you really want. I help individuals and couples create healthy communication and connection in their relationships with family, partners and others, with greater confidence and self-awareness.
(480) 903-8139 View (480) 903-8139
Photo of Dr. Mara Richman in Scottsdale, AZ
Dr. Mara Richman
PhD, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
I bring space for my clients through a warm, welcoming, and non-judgemental as well as unconditional lens. Sometimes it can be figuring out your true identity and what drives you to do the things you do, other times it can be day to day issues. My goal in therapy is to provide a safe space to my clients to feel heard and understood. It's hard in everyday life to overcome the challenges that our mind creates, and I hope to help clients work through the issues that comes with being human and living in today's society.
I bring space for my clients through a warm, welcoming, and non-judgemental as well as unconditional lens. Sometimes it can be figuring out your true identity and what drives you to do the things you do, other times it can be day to day issues. My goal in therapy is to provide a safe space to my clients to feel heard and understood. It's hard in everyday life to overcome the challenges that our mind creates, and I hope to help clients work through the issues that comes with being human and living in today's society.
(623) 286-2252 View (623) 286-2252
Photo of Jennifer Kissner, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Jennifer Kissner
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Fast-paced lifestyles (ever changing, unpredictable) can leave us desiring calmness and serenity. Everyone deserves a life that is fulfilling and to feel empowered. An individual should feel that they have the ability to change their circumstances and lead a life with less worry and stress. Adolescents and young adults have different worries and stressors and are often searching for a sense of self. Helping them understand that feelings and emotions are real and worthy is an important part of growth and development.
Fast-paced lifestyles (ever changing, unpredictable) can leave us desiring calmness and serenity. Everyone deserves a life that is fulfilling and to feel empowered. An individual should feel that they have the ability to change their circumstances and lead a life with less worry and stress. Adolescents and young adults have different worries and stressors and are often searching for a sense of self. Helping them understand that feelings and emotions are real and worthy is an important part of growth and development.
(623) 281-3904 View (623) 281-3904
Photo of Brian Bantel, Psychologist in Scottsdale, AZ
Brian Bantel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Dr. Bantel's practice is dedicated to serving individuals from diverse backgrounds, with a particular focus on addressing the unique mental health needs of children, adolescents, and men. His therapeutic expertise spans a broad spectrum of mental health concerns, including depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma, behavioral issues, educational challenges, substance use, and relationship/family conflicts. Dr. Bantel is committed to tailoring his treatment approach to the specific needs of each individual, employing a diverse range of evidence-based interventions.
Dr. Bantel's practice is dedicated to serving individuals from diverse backgrounds, with a particular focus on addressing the unique mental health needs of children, adolescents, and men. His therapeutic expertise spans a broad spectrum of mental health concerns, including depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma, behavioral issues, educational challenges, substance use, and relationship/family conflicts. Dr. Bantel is committed to tailoring his treatment approach to the specific needs of each individual, employing a diverse range of evidence-based interventions.
(480) 771-1536 View (480) 771-1536
Photo of Waybridge Counseling, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Waybridge Counseling
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Come experience therapy with one of our specialists. We offer individual counseling for anxiety and depression, panic disorder and OCD, couples counseling for a variety of concerns, including infidelity treatment, trauma and EMDR counseling, and help with sports performance. If cost is a concern, we also offer low-cost counseling with one of clinical counseling interns.
Come experience therapy with one of our specialists. We offer individual counseling for anxiety and depression, panic disorder and OCD, couples counseling for a variety of concerns, including infidelity treatment, trauma and EMDR counseling, and help with sports performance. If cost is a concern, we also offer low-cost counseling with one of clinical counseling interns.
(480) 771-9892 View (480) 771-9892
Photo of Bashah Psychological Services, PLC, Psychologist in Scottsdale, AZ
Bashah Psychological Services, PLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
I provide clinical and forensic services that include individualized therapy, diagnostic testing and evaluations for criminal, family and immigration courts. I am also an approved evaluator and therapy provider for the AZ Medical Board and the AZ Board of Nursing.
I provide clinical and forensic services that include individualized therapy, diagnostic testing and evaluations for criminal, family and immigration courts. I am also an approved evaluator and therapy provider for the AZ Medical Board and the AZ Board of Nursing.
(602) 883-2389 View (602) 883-2389
Photo of Jessica DeBaufer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Jessica DeBaufer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85257
Congratulations on taking this first step! Seeking therapy services can be intimidating and downright scary. My job is to make you feel comfortable and safe throughout this process from beginning to end. I have worked with clients of all ages and treated an array of concerns including – Anxiety, OCD, Depression, ADHD, interpersonal difficulties, self-esteem issues, and much more. I take a highly collaborative approach and ensure that you are informed every step of the way. Through support, empathy, collaboration, and specialized skills/strategies, you will be on your way to developing more happiness, fulfilment, and peace of mind!
Congratulations on taking this first step! Seeking therapy services can be intimidating and downright scary. My job is to make you feel comfortable and safe throughout this process from beginning to end. I have worked with clients of all ages and treated an array of concerns including – Anxiety, OCD, Depression, ADHD, interpersonal difficulties, self-esteem issues, and much more. I take a highly collaborative approach and ensure that you are informed every step of the way. Through support, empathy, collaboration, and specialized skills/strategies, you will be on your way to developing more happiness, fulfilment, and peace of mind!
(623) 304-1408 View (623) 304-1408
Photo of Karen Lee Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Karen Lee Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Broken by addiction? Trapped by compulsions? Too many unfulfilling relationships with a noticeable common denominator? People seek my help because they want a better life and they don't know how to get there. You might have even said to yourself "I know there is something more to all of this but what is IT exactly" or "why do my thoughts and feelings keep getting in the way of my goals" or even "I don't know who I am"? So if you've stopped by PT looking for an end to the madness, then you're in the right place. Stop riding the hampster wheel. Let's talk about your new life.
Broken by addiction? Trapped by compulsions? Too many unfulfilling relationships with a noticeable common denominator? People seek my help because they want a better life and they don't know how to get there. You might have even said to yourself "I know there is something more to all of this but what is IT exactly" or "why do my thoughts and feelings keep getting in the way of my goals" or even "I don't know who I am"? So if you've stopped by PT looking for an end to the madness, then you're in the right place. Stop riding the hampster wheel. Let's talk about your new life.
(480) 680-7426 View (480) 680-7426
Photo of Vanessa Berens, Psychologist in Scottsdale, AZ
Vanessa Berens
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Feeling depressed, anxious, or "stuck" in a certain pattern of thoughts and behaviors that you find troubling or worrisome? I believe change is possible with a supportive working alliance to create new ways of coping and thinking to manage the stress in your life. I offer a safe, warm, yet challenging environment to help heal from the past and transition to the future. Psychotherapy enables people to overcome negative, repetitive patterns and make meaningful changes in their lives. I help people become better versions of themselves.
Feeling depressed, anxious, or "stuck" in a certain pattern of thoughts and behaviors that you find troubling or worrisome? I believe change is possible with a supportive working alliance to create new ways of coping and thinking to manage the stress in your life. I offer a safe, warm, yet challenging environment to help heal from the past and transition to the future. Psychotherapy enables people to overcome negative, repetitive patterns and make meaningful changes in their lives. I help people become better versions of themselves.
(602) 459-9701 View (602) 459-9701
Photo of Adri Ulrich, LPC Intern in Scottsdale, AZ
Adri Ulrich
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
If you often find yourself feeling stuck in the past, anxious about the future, and have difficulty staying in the present moment, you are not alone, and help is available. You may have difficulty expressing or feeling your emotions fully and try to decrease their intensity through habits or distractions that stray you further from your goals. You may struggle with relationship issues, codependency, confidence, shame, and other painful experiences. I am here to guide and collaborate with each client to meet their needs. I believe that each person deserves and can achieve a fulfilling life.
If you often find yourself feeling stuck in the past, anxious about the future, and have difficulty staying in the present moment, you are not alone, and help is available. You may have difficulty expressing or feeling your emotions fully and try to decrease their intensity through habits or distractions that stray you further from your goals. You may struggle with relationship issues, codependency, confidence, shame, and other painful experiences. I am here to guide and collaborate with each client to meet their needs. I believe that each person deserves and can achieve a fulfilling life.
(480) 405-3014 View (480) 405-3014
Photo of Saige Sola, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Saige Sola
Counselor, MS, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85266  (Online Only)
Saige’s area of specialty. She will assist you in diagnosis, treatment planning, and better understanding your symptoms. Saige prefers a gentler approach, and likes to focus on building a client’s confidence and values in sessions. She is passionate about building up her client’s sense of self-worth, confidence, and esteem and enjoys watching her clients find happiness through their growth.
Saige’s area of specialty. She will assist you in diagnosis, treatment planning, and better understanding your symptoms. Saige prefers a gentler approach, and likes to focus on building a client’s confidence and values in sessions. She is passionate about building up her client’s sense of self-worth, confidence, and esteem and enjoys watching her clients find happiness through their growth.
(480) 485-0261 View (480) 485-0261
Photo of Danielle Russo, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Danielle Russo
Counselor, MS, LPC, CAS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Waitlist for new clients
Are you looking to make a change to improve your life? Let’s start that process together and kudos to you for taking the first step in your path. Being in the counseling field for four years, I have gained a vast amount of knowledge of how to best serve my client’s presenting needs. I have a passion for guiding people to find their voice and turning any challenge into a strength. Building a comfortable environment and good rapport is incredibly important to me as it helps us speak more openly and tackled concerns together.
Are you looking to make a change to improve your life? Let’s start that process together and kudos to you for taking the first step in your path. Being in the counseling field for four years, I have gained a vast amount of knowledge of how to best serve my client’s presenting needs. I have a passion for guiding people to find their voice and turning any challenge into a strength. Building a comfortable environment and good rapport is incredibly important to me as it helps us speak more openly and tackled concerns together.
(480) 906-4872 View (480) 906-4872
Photo of Deborah Stelzleni, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Deborah Stelzleni
Licensed Professional Counselor, MACP, LPC, CSAT, CMAT
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
Choosing a therapist can be a daunting task. My goal at Epiphany Counseling is to make that choice easier by creating the empathy, nurturance and safety that allows you to freely explore the life situation that brings you to therapy. In that environment, I aim to help you experience a healing process that will restore hope, health and vitality to your life. I believe that almost all of us have the organic capacity to heal and fulfill our potential, but that past experiences have taught us dysfunctional ways to cope. The goal of therapy is to learn new ways of being so that we attain greater health, peace of mind and joy.
Choosing a therapist can be a daunting task. My goal at Epiphany Counseling is to make that choice easier by creating the empathy, nurturance and safety that allows you to freely explore the life situation that brings you to therapy. In that environment, I aim to help you experience a healing process that will restore hope, health and vitality to your life. I believe that almost all of us have the organic capacity to heal and fulfill our potential, but that past experiences have taught us dysfunctional ways to cope. The goal of therapy is to learn new ways of being so that we attain greater health, peace of mind and joy.
(623) 267-9210 View (623) 267-9210
Photo of Kenna McGrath, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Kenna McGrath
Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
I believe there is a story behind every difficult situation and part of counseling is discovering that story together. I help individuals and couples grow through increased self-awareness so that clients can find freedom and transformation. I specialize in counseling adults struggling with anxiety, depression, boundary issues, relationship issues, parenting challenges, trauma, grief, family of origin issues and spiritual abuse.
I believe there is a story behind every difficult situation and part of counseling is discovering that story together. I help individuals and couples grow through increased self-awareness so that clients can find freedom and transformation. I specialize in counseling adults struggling with anxiety, depression, boundary issues, relationship issues, parenting challenges, trauma, grief, family of origin issues and spiritual abuse.
(623) 343-8428 x26 View (623) 343-8428 x26
Photo of Dr. Anne McGill, Psychologist in Scottsdale, AZ
Dr. Anne McGill
Psychologist, PsyD, MPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Most people are unsure of what they can do to improve their lives or work through stress, sadness, nervousness or change. Although transitions in life are constant and real, growth and improved lifestyle, relationships and overall satisfaction are possible. Dealing constantly with racing thoughts, nervousness or feeling fidgety, hopeless or depressed is time consuming and you deserve better. Do you want to express yourself more confidently, connect with others and have a better future outlook?
Most people are unsure of what they can do to improve their lives or work through stress, sadness, nervousness or change. Although transitions in life are constant and real, growth and improved lifestyle, relationships and overall satisfaction are possible. Dealing constantly with racing thoughts, nervousness or feeling fidgety, hopeless or depressed is time consuming and you deserve better. Do you want to express yourself more confidently, connect with others and have a better future outlook?
(480) 712-4168 View (480) 712-4168

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
64% BlueCross and BlueShield
58% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scottsdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.