Therapists in Austin, TX

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Photo of Clifford Porter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Clifford Porter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
I have 18 years of experience in behavioral health and addiction. Specialties include substance addiction, depression, anxiety, couples related issues, and sleep disorders. I began working in the field of substance abuse in 1990, obtained a master's degree in counseling working out and inpatient treatment, behavioral health, hospital environment, where I was consulted by medical staff to see patients suffering from both psychiatric and substance abuse related disorders as well as behavioral health disorders. I also worked with Pain Management staff to address.
I have 18 years of experience in behavioral health and addiction. Specialties include substance addiction, depression, anxiety, couples related issues, and sleep disorders. I began working in the field of substance abuse in 1990, obtained a master's degree in counseling working out and inpatient treatment, behavioral health, hospital environment, where I was consulted by medical staff to see patients suffering from both psychiatric and substance abuse related disorders as well as behavioral health disorders. I also worked with Pain Management staff to address.
(512) 862-9853 View (512) 862-9853
Heather Hancock McDuffie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78757
Not accepting new clients
As we continue through life we are constantly adapting to change. Whether you are a single adult, coupled, or a adolescent life events and growing pains are inevitable. When you find it difficult to manage and regulate your emotions or loved ones that do, this process of adaption can make finding peace, contentment and joy in life challenging. Sometimes with past trauma and/or current stressors and vulnerabilities, this adaption process can get stuck or go off-line.
As we continue through life we are constantly adapting to change. Whether you are a single adult, coupled, or a adolescent life events and growing pains are inevitable. When you find it difficult to manage and regulate your emotions or loved ones that do, this process of adaption can make finding peace, contentment and joy in life challenging. Sometimes with past trauma and/or current stressors and vulnerabilities, this adaption process can get stuck or go off-line.
(512) 872-4993 View (512) 872-4993
Photo of Teshia Alston, Pre-Licensed Professional in Austin, TX
Teshia Alston
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
I'm a caring and compassionate Graduate Student Intern eager to help you reach your desired goals through talk therapy.
I'm a caring and compassionate Graduate Student Intern eager to help you reach your desired goals through talk therapy.
(512) 812-9748 View (512) 812-9748
Photo of Shilpa Mutyala, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Shilpa Mutyala
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MPH, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78729
Welcome to Thriving Heart Therapy! I specialize in working with children, teens and young adults. I have a client-centered approach employing compassion, warmth and collaboration. If you or your child are struggling with navigating the hills of life, having an experienced, competent therapist is the first step! For young children and teens we will use creativity to identify goals and strategies in a safe, nonjudgmental space. For very young ones (3-6), a play therapy approach is used. I also enjoy helping Southeast Asian- American families with the challenges that come with acculturation.
Welcome to Thriving Heart Therapy! I specialize in working with children, teens and young adults. I have a client-centered approach employing compassion, warmth and collaboration. If you or your child are struggling with navigating the hills of life, having an experienced, competent therapist is the first step! For young children and teens we will use creativity to identify goals and strategies in a safe, nonjudgmental space. For very young ones (3-6), a play therapy approach is used. I also enjoy helping Southeast Asian- American families with the challenges that come with acculturation.
(512) 359-3836 View (512) 359-3836
Photo of Merrik Hetherington, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Merrik Hetherington
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
I work with children, teens, parents, young adults, and families (nuclear, separation/divorce, and blended). Counseling is BIG stuff, and it takes courage to start the process. I believe that each of us has the ability to make powerful, positive, growth-oriented changes in their lives. I strive to build a relationship of trust with my clients so we can tackle life's chaos and challenges. Unique to me, I like to employ humor into my sessions and engage with my clients through different modalities aside from traditional talk therapy including games, art, music, and writing.
I work with children, teens, parents, young adults, and families (nuclear, separation/divorce, and blended). Counseling is BIG stuff, and it takes courage to start the process. I believe that each of us has the ability to make powerful, positive, growth-oriented changes in their lives. I strive to build a relationship of trust with my clients so we can tackle life's chaos and challenges. Unique to me, I like to employ humor into my sessions and engage with my clients through different modalities aside from traditional talk therapy including games, art, music, and writing.
(512) 714-3403 View (512) 714-3403
Photo of Deserah Telles | Emdr Therapy Intensives | Trauma Retreats, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Deserah Telles | Emdr Therapy Intensives | Trauma Retreats
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78704
Are you easily triggered or activated in life? Has your childhood trauma shown up in ways you and your loved ones struggle to understand or work through. Do you have unresolved emotions from abandonment, shame, or trauma? Do you desire to implement positive changes in your day to day. Maybe you encountered traumatic experiences throughout your adulthood that you could use assistance on processing and tools to implement positive coping skills leading to healing. If so, we're here to help you through that journey.
Are you easily triggered or activated in life? Has your childhood trauma shown up in ways you and your loved ones struggle to understand or work through. Do you have unresolved emotions from abandonment, shame, or trauma? Do you desire to implement positive changes in your day to day. Maybe you encountered traumatic experiences throughout your adulthood that you could use assistance on processing and tools to implement positive coping skills leading to healing. If so, we're here to help you through that journey.
(512) 894-8609 View (512) 894-8609
Photo of Terra Dominguez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Terra Dominguez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life can be hard- and our emotions, internal dialogue, high expectations and “needing to have it all together” can make navigating life even harder. You used to know how to manage it well enough, but lately it’s began to feel impossible to keep up with all the areas of your life that need attention, the endless responsibilities, and the pressures to do it all well. Emotions feel overwhelming, negative thoughts and self-doubt are growing, it's hard to stay present and connected, and your relationships are taking a hit. You're ready to find mental and emotional relief, more balance, and prioritize what really matters to you.
Life can be hard- and our emotions, internal dialogue, high expectations and “needing to have it all together” can make navigating life even harder. You used to know how to manage it well enough, but lately it’s began to feel impossible to keep up with all the areas of your life that need attention, the endless responsibilities, and the pressures to do it all well. Emotions feel overwhelming, negative thoughts and self-doubt are growing, it's hard to stay present and connected, and your relationships are taking a hit. You're ready to find mental and emotional relief, more balance, and prioritize what really matters to you.
(737) 214-0978 View (737) 214-0978
Photo of Crystal Morales, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Crystal Morales
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
Everyone has "baggage" and it is what truly makes us unique. Sometimes our baggage is heavy which can make our journey extra challenging. At times, we just need someone to listen to our thoughts, help us understand what is going on and help us understand what we are needing or wanting. I went into counseling in order to work with those who suffer from depression, anxiety, body issues and trauma. As children, we are not necessary in control of our childhood and experiences but as adults we are responsible.
Everyone has "baggage" and it is what truly makes us unique. Sometimes our baggage is heavy which can make our journey extra challenging. At times, we just need someone to listen to our thoughts, help us understand what is going on and help us understand what we are needing or wanting. I went into counseling in order to work with those who suffer from depression, anxiety, body issues and trauma. As children, we are not necessary in control of our childhood and experiences but as adults we are responsible.
(737) 302-4874 View (737) 302-4874
Photo of Elizabeth Welwood, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Elizabeth Welwood
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
I am licensed to counsel individuals who reside in Texas, Tennessee, and Colorado. I enjoy working with adults of all ages, particularly those who are self-motivated and eager to change. My counseling style is warm and non-judgmental. I am skilled in helping individuals work through anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, negative body image, codependent tendencies, and relationship stressors. In order to help you make changes, find relief, and heal emotional wounds, I will expect a willingness to self-reflect.
I am licensed to counsel individuals who reside in Texas, Tennessee, and Colorado. I enjoy working with adults of all ages, particularly those who are self-motivated and eager to change. My counseling style is warm and non-judgmental. I am skilled in helping individuals work through anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, negative body image, codependent tendencies, and relationship stressors. In order to help you make changes, find relief, and heal emotional wounds, I will expect a willingness to self-reflect.
(512) 387-3168 View (512) 387-3168
Photo of James Shaw, Psychologist in Austin, TX
James Shaw
Psychologist, PsyD, MBA
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78726
I provide compassionate and confidential therapy and counseling services to adults and couples. Whether you seek marital or couples therapy or individual help for adjustment issues, anger management or stress, I am prepared to help in a warm, supportive environment. I will help to create positive changes and support your finding of positive solutions to enhance your quality of life. I am trained with the most current psychological research offering individualized treatment plans. I provide secured video therapy at no additional cost to those who don't want to deal with traffic or live to far to come to the office.
I provide compassionate and confidential therapy and counseling services to adults and couples. Whether you seek marital or couples therapy or individual help for adjustment issues, anger management or stress, I am prepared to help in a warm, supportive environment. I will help to create positive changes and support your finding of positive solutions to enhance your quality of life. I am trained with the most current psychological research offering individualized treatment plans. I provide secured video therapy at no additional cost to those who don't want to deal with traffic or live to far to come to the office.
(512) 829-3626 View (512) 829-3626
Photo of Jiyoung Kim, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Jiyoung Kim
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ST-S, ALST-GT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
I help others fine-tune their lives so that their pain is smaller and their joys are greater. Through compassion, respect, and working together, I strive to create a strong and trusting relationship with each and every client in order help them reach their goals. I am specializing in the treatment of anxiety, depression and relationship issues, trauma, abuse, attachment issues, low self-esteem, personality disorders, and stressors. If you're looking for extra support through a challenging situation, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals. Please call or email me.
I help others fine-tune their lives so that their pain is smaller and their joys are greater. Through compassion, respect, and working together, I strive to create a strong and trusting relationship with each and every client in order help them reach their goals. I am specializing in the treatment of anxiety, depression and relationship issues, trauma, abuse, attachment issues, low self-esteem, personality disorders, and stressors. If you're looking for extra support through a challenging situation, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals. Please call or email me.
(512) 746-1327 View (512) 746-1327
Photo of Christina Marie Watson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Christina Marie Watson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78704
Plagued with constant negative thoughts? Feel like you're in a fog or find yourself on autopilot? If these questions seem all too familiar, don't panic there is hope... I have a passion for working with individuals who have lost their drive, that fire and sense of hope that makes life exciting and worthwhile. I would like to help you move forward to find that spark deep inside. I will tailor the counseling experience to meet your specific needs and unique personality. I will work in collaboration with you to identify problematic areas and help you achieve your personal goals.
Plagued with constant negative thoughts? Feel like you're in a fog or find yourself on autopilot? If these questions seem all too familiar, don't panic there is hope... I have a passion for working with individuals who have lost their drive, that fire and sense of hope that makes life exciting and worthwhile. I would like to help you move forward to find that spark deep inside. I will tailor the counseling experience to meet your specific needs and unique personality. I will work in collaboration with you to identify problematic areas and help you achieve your personal goals.
(512) 843-7068 View (512) 843-7068
Photo of Kathryn Uhrich, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Kathryn Uhrich
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78701
Kathryn is a Licensed Professional Counselor, who received her Masters Degree from Rivier University. Kathryn has over 7 years of clinical experience treating children, adolescents and families. Kathryn has extensive experience working with those experiencing depression, anxiety, phobias, dealing with traumatic experiences, significant life changes, and childhood behavioral outbursts. Kathryn likes to help children and parents who are struggling to communicate their needs to each other to better develop healthy communication patterns and relationships. Kathryn primarily uses CBT, as well as well as solution focused approaches.
Kathryn is a Licensed Professional Counselor, who received her Masters Degree from Rivier University. Kathryn has over 7 years of clinical experience treating children, adolescents and families. Kathryn has extensive experience working with those experiencing depression, anxiety, phobias, dealing with traumatic experiences, significant life changes, and childhood behavioral outbursts. Kathryn likes to help children and parents who are struggling to communicate their needs to each other to better develop healthy communication patterns and relationships. Kathryn primarily uses CBT, as well as well as solution focused approaches.
(512) 489-9790 View (512) 489-9790
Photo of Jestina Franks, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Jestina Franks
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78758
Hi, my name is Jestina Franks, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC-S) and an AASECT-certified sex therapist. I provide virtual counseling services to patients in Texas. I have extensive experience in assisting individuals with issues including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, sexuality, and intimacy issues. My style and approach are a good fit for young adults and adults seeking assistance dealing with life challenges and social pressures. Typically, my focus is on anxiety, depression, LGBTQ+, intimacy, alternative relationships, and sexual health concerns.
Hi, my name is Jestina Franks, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC-S) and an AASECT-certified sex therapist. I provide virtual counseling services to patients in Texas. I have extensive experience in assisting individuals with issues including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, sexuality, and intimacy issues. My style and approach are a good fit for young adults and adults seeking assistance dealing with life challenges and social pressures. Typically, my focus is on anxiety, depression, LGBTQ+, intimacy, alternative relationships, and sexual health concerns.
(737) 250-6508 View (737) 250-6508
Photo of Matthew Y. Wong, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Matthew Y. Wong
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731
Not accepting new clients
Every crisis is an opportunity for growth and development. It is by taking risks and surmounting challenges through which real and lasting transformation can occur. Although one of my therapist roles is to provide support, I also challenge my clients to think, feel, and behave differently. As a therapist, I prioritize developing and maintaining an open, nonjudgmental, and trusting relationship with my clients. I strive to be authentic and encourage the same of my clients. I help clients identify and meet their therapeutic goals through the development of insight and new skills.
Every crisis is an opportunity for growth and development. It is by taking risks and surmounting challenges through which real and lasting transformation can occur. Although one of my therapist roles is to provide support, I also challenge my clients to think, feel, and behave differently. As a therapist, I prioritize developing and maintaining an open, nonjudgmental, and trusting relationship with my clients. I strive to be authentic and encourage the same of my clients. I help clients identify and meet their therapeutic goals through the development of insight and new skills.
(512) 540-5936 View (512) 540-5936
Photo of Kimberly Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Kimberly Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78724  (Online Only)
Hi there, I’m Kimberly and I am dedicated to helping you connect to yourself and those around you meaningfully. My goal is to support you in navigating through life’s uncertainties, relational challenges, and growth obstacles. With 10 years of experience, I provide trauma-informed care to those who feel their behaviors are not in alignment with their beliefs about themselves. Having primarily worked in the area of domestic and intimate partner violence, I am equipped to help you focus on enhancing relational safety and fulfillment.
Hi there, I’m Kimberly and I am dedicated to helping you connect to yourself and those around you meaningfully. My goal is to support you in navigating through life’s uncertainties, relational challenges, and growth obstacles. With 10 years of experience, I provide trauma-informed care to those who feel their behaviors are not in alignment with their beliefs about themselves. Having primarily worked in the area of domestic and intimate partner violence, I am equipped to help you focus on enhancing relational safety and fulfillment.
(512) 942-2630 View (512) 942-2630
Photo of Don D Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Don D Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LISW-S, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
Welcome! I am Dr. Don Allen. I have a concierge practice and have formally opened my Austin, Texas office! I currently specialize in the treatment of Marriage and Emotional Trauma. I am a Certified Gottman Therapist, Certified EFT Therapist and EMDR Certified Therapist. Prior to 2012, I specialized in the treatment of Children and Adolescents and Drug and Alcohol Intervention. Please visit my website to get to know me, learn more about my practice, see videos and listen to my live radio broadcasts. Looking forward!
Welcome! I am Dr. Don Allen. I have a concierge practice and have formally opened my Austin, Texas office! I currently specialize in the treatment of Marriage and Emotional Trauma. I am a Certified Gottman Therapist, Certified EFT Therapist and EMDR Certified Therapist. Prior to 2012, I specialized in the treatment of Children and Adolescents and Drug and Alcohol Intervention. Please visit my website to get to know me, learn more about my practice, see videos and listen to my live radio broadcasts. Looking forward!
(512) 601-5297 View (512) 601-5297
Photo of Alex Barnette, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Alex Barnette
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
Relationships are a lot of work, and they can be your greatest source of joy. I find that couples today are carrying more than we were ever designed to carry on our own. This is why I feel so passionate about supporting people that want to grow their love together. I believe we are all lifelong learners when it comes to relationships and that marriage and parenthood are designed to keep us humble.
Relationships are a lot of work, and they can be your greatest source of joy. I find that couples today are carrying more than we were ever designed to carry on our own. This is why I feel so passionate about supporting people that want to grow their love together. I believe we are all lifelong learners when it comes to relationships and that marriage and parenthood are designed to keep us humble.
(830) 730-5467 View (830) 730-5467
Photo of Raquel Zambrano, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Austin, TX
Raquel Zambrano
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MEd, LPC-A, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78712  (Online Only)
Anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationship issues...whatever you're looking for, I am here to help. Therapy is universal with no expiration date which means finding the right therapist is ideal for growth. Even if after your complimentary session you decide to not move forward, you can contact me with any questions you might have. I work with clients of all age groups, whether you need help on a substantial scale or in small increments.
Anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationship issues...whatever you're looking for, I am here to help. Therapy is universal with no expiration date which means finding the right therapist is ideal for growth. Even if after your complimentary session you decide to not move forward, you can contact me with any questions you might have. I work with clients of all age groups, whether you need help on a substantial scale or in small increments.
(956) 996-6259 View (956) 996-6259
Photo of Camilla Bolch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Camilla Bolch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78745  (Online Only)
I am passionate about helping children and their parents experience "less stress and more success" in their daily lives. My client-centered approach includes play-based activities, CBT, stress-management and mindfulness training. I offer therapeutic parenting support to help families reach their goals. With over 25 years of experience, I still delight in helping my clients recognize and affirm their unique strengths and find positive, creative solutions to overcome the challenges they face.
I am passionate about helping children and their parents experience "less stress and more success" in their daily lives. My client-centered approach includes play-based activities, CBT, stress-management and mindfulness training. I offer therapeutic parenting support to help families reach their goals. With over 25 years of experience, I still delight in helping my clients recognize and affirm their unique strengths and find positive, creative solutions to overcome the challenges they face.
(512) 861-8711 View (512) 861-8711

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Austin, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Austin, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Austin, TX see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Austin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.