Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Christina Papanestor, LCSW, BCD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christina Papanestor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Many of us hold on to what is familiar, routine and predictable, even when what we cling to is no longer serving us. Letting go of what is known is one of the hardest parts of growth. Change and growth are possible when a sense of security, safety, and genuine understanding is present. I provide individualized, culturally-attuned and effective psychotherapy. You might have tried psychotherapy before, and perhaps it brought you through a stormy time, but ultimately left you to find yourself repeating well-worn patterns and feeling the same insecurities that led you to seek help initially.
Many of us hold on to what is familiar, routine and predictable, even when what we cling to is no longer serving us. Letting go of what is known is one of the hardest parts of growth. Change and growth are possible when a sense of security, safety, and genuine understanding is present. I provide individualized, culturally-attuned and effective psychotherapy. You might have tried psychotherapy before, and perhaps it brought you through a stormy time, but ultimately left you to find yourself repeating well-worn patterns and feeling the same insecurities that led you to seek help initially.
(415) 295-1561 View (415) 295-1561
Photo of Steven Reidbord, MD
Steven Reidbord
MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
Dynamic or "insight oriented" therapy is best for emotional issues that are subtle and hard to pin down. While straightforward symptoms like low mood or all-day anxiety often respond faster to CBT therapy and/or medication, what about a pattern of failed romantic relationships? Self-defeating attitudes? Self-sabotaging behaviors? Feeling stuck? If it isn't clear what the problem is, you've come to the right place. In flexible, interactive sessions, we'll explore your thoughts and feelings to help you live more genuinely and fully. Plain English and gentle humor help smooth the way.
Dynamic or "insight oriented" therapy is best for emotional issues that are subtle and hard to pin down. While straightforward symptoms like low mood or all-day anxiety often respond faster to CBT therapy and/or medication, what about a pattern of failed romantic relationships? Self-defeating attitudes? Self-sabotaging behaviors? Feeling stuck? If it isn't clear what the problem is, you've come to the right place. In flexible, interactive sessions, we'll explore your thoughts and feelings to help you live more genuinely and fully. Plain English and gentle humor help smooth the way.
(415) 474-7600 View (415) 474-7600
Photo of Brian Brown, PsyD, Psychologist
Brian Brown
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Meaningful relationships are an essential part of fulfillment and happiness. I believe in the unique power of the relationship that develops between therapist and client. Through an exploration of this interaction, we can more wholly understand your past and current relationships and help shape future experiences. I work with people who are struggling in a variety of ways and are ready to dig in and do some difficult and deeply powerful work that will lead to greater choice and freedom. I view my opportunity to join individuals in their journey toward self-understanding as a great privilege and find the work exciting and gratifying.
Meaningful relationships are an essential part of fulfillment and happiness. I believe in the unique power of the relationship that develops between therapist and client. Through an exploration of this interaction, we can more wholly understand your past and current relationships and help shape future experiences. I work with people who are struggling in a variety of ways and are ready to dig in and do some difficult and deeply powerful work that will lead to greater choice and freedom. I view my opportunity to join individuals in their journey toward self-understanding as a great privilege and find the work exciting and gratifying.
(341) 444-2487 View (341) 444-2487
Photo of Judith L Wyatt, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Judith L Wyatt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
I am inspired witnessing the courage with which people face their fears. I work to earn a person's trust, so that they are safe to risk vulnerability. I love to help people discover or unblock the sensing of their life direction, and the motivation to pursue it. In my many years of practice, some clients get there quickly, and others need to delve more deeply. Depression, anxiety, PTSD, addictions, bad relationship patterns, inhibitions in work or love, all change best when we bring compassion to their roots in the past.
I am inspired witnessing the courage with which people face their fears. I work to earn a person's trust, so that they are safe to risk vulnerability. I love to help people discover or unblock the sensing of their life direction, and the motivation to pursue it. In my many years of practice, some clients get there quickly, and others need to delve more deeply. Depression, anxiety, PTSD, addictions, bad relationship patterns, inhibitions in work or love, all change best when we bring compassion to their roots in the past.
(415) 800-2558 View (415) 800-2558
Photo of Sandra Stevenson - Sandra Stevenson, LMFT, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sandra Stevenson, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
As a solution-oriented depth therapist, I intend to promote your capacity to reveal your true potential and embrace your life as worthy of celebrating. While we cannot alter problematic or painful events from the past, we can work together to restructure their impact on the present. Through the use of complementary therapy approaches, we will adjust adverse perceptions and behavior patterns that may be binding you from fully living your life. If you are seeking professional direction through rough circumstances or traumatic crises, and if you aim to enhance your emotional well-being, I look forward to working with you to accomplish your objectives.
As a solution-oriented depth therapist, I intend to promote your capacity to reveal your true potential and embrace your life as worthy of celebrating. While we cannot alter problematic or painful events from the past, we can work together to restructure their impact on the present. Through the use of complementary therapy approaches, we will adjust adverse perceptions and behavior patterns that may be binding you from fully living your life. If you are seeking professional direction through rough circumstances or traumatic crises, and if you aim to enhance your emotional well-being, I look forward to working with you to accomplish your objectives.
(415) 735-4744 View (415) 735-4744
Photo of Sally King, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sally King
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94146  (Online Only)
I am currently accepting individual adult clients of all ages. My approach is warm and collaborative, drawing on different therapeutic models to target your specific needs. I use a psychodynamic lens to help you identify what past and present conditions are determining your choices and coming between you and a more satisfying way of life, cognitive and mindfulness approaches to help you regulate emotions and gain perspective on self-defeating thoughts, and Sandplay therapy to process trauma and explore states of mind that are difficult to put into words. I also use Ecotherapy perspectives and exercises.
I am currently accepting individual adult clients of all ages. My approach is warm and collaborative, drawing on different therapeutic models to target your specific needs. I use a psychodynamic lens to help you identify what past and present conditions are determining your choices and coming between you and a more satisfying way of life, cognitive and mindfulness approaches to help you regulate emotions and gain perspective on self-defeating thoughts, and Sandplay therapy to process trauma and explore states of mind that are difficult to put into words. I also use Ecotherapy perspectives and exercises.
(415) 687-1149 View (415) 687-1149
Photo of Susan E Boxer, PhD, Psychologist
Susan E Boxer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
If you've come to a crisis point in your life, it can make such a difference to talk with someone who can help you not only with your immediate concern, but with understanding what it can tell you about yourself. I have an exploratory approach -- listening for what you say but haven't yet heard and speaking up for what you allude to but haven't yet articulated. This process requires privacy, safety, curiosity, and attention.
If you've come to a crisis point in your life, it can make such a difference to talk with someone who can help you not only with your immediate concern, but with understanding what it can tell you about yourself. I have an exploratory approach -- listening for what you say but haven't yet heard and speaking up for what you allude to but haven't yet articulated. This process requires privacy, safety, curiosity, and attention.
(415) 241-9211 View (415) 241-9211
Photo of Saunders Moore, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Saunders Moore
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
You are so sick of feeling shame or worry about what others think. What you want is to feel more present and empowered in your life. Despite being career-driven, successful, and independent life is hard. Right now you may be experiencing insecurity, perfectionism, and self-doubt. You’re tired of going through the motions in life and want to connect with your truth and vitality. You need some guidance and aren’t sure where to start. You want to feel more authentic in your life, manage stress, and have better relationships.
You are so sick of feeling shame or worry about what others think. What you want is to feel more present and empowered in your life. Despite being career-driven, successful, and independent life is hard. Right now you may be experiencing insecurity, perfectionism, and self-doubt. You’re tired of going through the motions in life and want to connect with your truth and vitality. You need some guidance and aren’t sure where to start. You want to feel more authentic in your life, manage stress, and have better relationships.
(510) 937-3843 View (510) 937-3843
Photo of Katherine Lund, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Katherine Lund
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
People often find themselves stuck repeating patterns of relating to others, thinking, feeling, or behaving. These habitual ways of responding feel like the self. And yet, when patterns—typically formed in childhood—are loosened, what feels very much more like the self can emerge with new freedom. Through my psychoanalytic style of practice, I engage people's curiosity about who they are currently, bringing my own interest in life history and impasses that may fall outside of conscious awareness. Often, the impulse to try therapy comes from a feeling that one has been stuck being oneself for some time and it is not fully working.
People often find themselves stuck repeating patterns of relating to others, thinking, feeling, or behaving. These habitual ways of responding feel like the self. And yet, when patterns—typically formed in childhood—are loosened, what feels very much more like the self can emerge with new freedom. Through my psychoanalytic style of practice, I engage people's curiosity about who they are currently, bringing my own interest in life history and impasses that may fall outside of conscious awareness. Often, the impulse to try therapy comes from a feeling that one has been stuck being oneself for some time and it is not fully working.
(415) 639-5183 View (415) 639-5183
Photo of Delfina Piretti - J. Delfina Piretti LMFT, REAT, MA, MFT, REAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
J. Delfina Piretti LMFT, REAT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, REAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
I generally work with high functioning people at important junctures in life where the suffering is great. Asking for help is often a powerful step of surrendering the ego's attempts to resist change. Symptoms are often a sign that something is trying to wake up inside of you. When you turn your attention inward and get intimate with your inner life you can start to find the energy to heal, to grow and to change. I specialize in somatic table work for treating developmental trauma. This work focuses on repairing developmental wounds, strengthening somatic resilience and increasing capacity for regulation in the nervous system.
I generally work with high functioning people at important junctures in life where the suffering is great. Asking for help is often a powerful step of surrendering the ego's attempts to resist change. Symptoms are often a sign that something is trying to wake up inside of you. When you turn your attention inward and get intimate with your inner life you can start to find the energy to heal, to grow and to change. I specialize in somatic table work for treating developmental trauma. This work focuses on repairing developmental wounds, strengthening somatic resilience and increasing capacity for regulation in the nervous system.
(415) 598-2307 View (415) 598-2307
Photo of Daniel Jackson, PhD, Psychologist
Daniel Jackson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy starts with building a foundation of collaboration, safety, and trust. Therapy works best when you are able to make a commitment to personal betterment, healing, and change. Change can apply to your ways of thinking, relationship interactions, and habits. Even small changes can make a big difference in quality of life. I also pay close to attention to what your strengths are and what you value, and encourage you to trust and use those strengths while living out those values in order to create a greater sense of well-being.
My approach to therapy starts with building a foundation of collaboration, safety, and trust. Therapy works best when you are able to make a commitment to personal betterment, healing, and change. Change can apply to your ways of thinking, relationship interactions, and habits. Even small changes can make a big difference in quality of life. I also pay close to attention to what your strengths are and what you value, and encourage you to trust and use those strengths while living out those values in order to create a greater sense of well-being.
(415) 943-2530 View (415) 943-2530
Photo of Mariam Tahiry, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mariam Tahiry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I have experience working with a diverse population including individuals with different cultural backgrounds. My approach to therapy is to provide compassionate and nonjudgmental support. I respect that clients are the experts of themselves and work collaboratively with clients to help problem solve and teach new skills.
I have experience working with a diverse population including individuals with different cultural backgrounds. My approach to therapy is to provide compassionate and nonjudgmental support. I respect that clients are the experts of themselves and work collaboratively with clients to help problem solve and teach new skills.
(310) 928-9772 View (310) 928-9772
Photo of Tanisha Thelemaque, PhD, Psychologist
Tanisha Thelemaque
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Are you a person trying to explore your gender, race, or sexuality? Do you struggle to communicate your needs, set boundaries, and be assertive? I challenge you to speak your truth, understand yourself, and be authentic while maintaining boundaries. I use humor and a strong therapeutic relationship to help you be your ideal, most grounded self. When I think about transforming and changing one's life, I always reflect on Audre Lorde's powerful words. "What are the words you do not yet have...Next time, ask: What's the worst that will happen? Then push yourself a little further than you dare. "
Are you a person trying to explore your gender, race, or sexuality? Do you struggle to communicate your needs, set boundaries, and be assertive? I challenge you to speak your truth, understand yourself, and be authentic while maintaining boundaries. I use humor and a strong therapeutic relationship to help you be your ideal, most grounded self. When I think about transforming and changing one's life, I always reflect on Audre Lorde's powerful words. "What are the words you do not yet have...Next time, ask: What's the worst that will happen? Then push yourself a little further than you dare. "
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Photo of Alex Gallegos, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alex Gallegos
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94132
Hello, my name is Alex Gallegos and I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist (Lic. 101393) in California. I have been providing treatment for 14 years in mental health. I have provided therapy for adults, children, families, couples, and support groups. Some of the areas related to mental health that I have addressed are depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, domestic violence, and parenting problems, and I work with fathers struggling to parent their children as a result of historical trauma.
Hello, my name is Alex Gallegos and I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist (Lic. 101393) in California. I have been providing treatment for 14 years in mental health. I have provided therapy for adults, children, families, couples, and support groups. Some of the areas related to mental health that I have addressed are depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, domestic violence, and parenting problems, and I work with fathers struggling to parent their children as a result of historical trauma.
(415) 849-7926 View (415) 849-7926
Photo of Elizabeth Geeslin, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elizabeth Geeslin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
I offer a safe and non-judgmental space where all parts of you are welcomed to come forward, and will be met with curiosity and deep reverence. I am drawn to, and inspired by, the power of human resiliency. I believe we all have an innate wellspring of information, experiences, and tools inside of us, to guide us to a deeper sense of ourselves. I am passionate about helping you discover, explore, and connect to all parts of you, in order to live a more full and embodied life.
I offer a safe and non-judgmental space where all parts of you are welcomed to come forward, and will be met with curiosity and deep reverence. I am drawn to, and inspired by, the power of human resiliency. I believe we all have an innate wellspring of information, experiences, and tools inside of us, to guide us to a deeper sense of ourselves. I am passionate about helping you discover, explore, and connect to all parts of you, in order to live a more full and embodied life.
(628) 288-4092 View (628) 288-4092
Photo of Kelsey Urauchi, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kelsey Urauchi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
I offer virtual therapy to couples and individuals seeking peace and purpose in their lives and relationships. I believe in everyone's capacity and right to feel well and whole. I strive to build effective, honest, and loving communication strategies so that couples can restore their sense of navigating life together as a powerful alliance.
I offer virtual therapy to couples and individuals seeking peace and purpose in their lives and relationships. I believe in everyone's capacity and right to feel well and whole. I strive to build effective, honest, and loving communication strategies so that couples can restore their sense of navigating life together as a powerful alliance.
(415) 941-3095 View (415) 941-3095
Photo of Elizabeth Ilyitsky, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Ilyitsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
In my career, I have served as a clinician and clinical supervisor for over 10 years in private practice, and community clinic settings. In my work as a clinician, I employ evidence-based practices and integrate them with the strengths and needs of the individual clients I work with. I value the individuality and uniqueness of each of my clients and tailor my treatment to fit their culture, values, strengths, and resources. This has allowed me to be a creative thinker in the treatment process. I make sure each session is constructive, and that my clients feel they are growing, healing, and learning each time they meet with me.
In my career, I have served as a clinician and clinical supervisor for over 10 years in private practice, and community clinic settings. In my work as a clinician, I employ evidence-based practices and integrate them with the strengths and needs of the individual clients I work with. I value the individuality and uniqueness of each of my clients and tailor my treatment to fit their culture, values, strengths, and resources. This has allowed me to be a creative thinker in the treatment process. I make sure each session is constructive, and that my clients feel they are growing, healing, and learning each time they meet with me.
(415) 236-5970 View (415) 236-5970
Photo of Jamie Bennett, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jamie Bennett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Jamie Bennett is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of California with over 8 years of counseling experience. She specializes in treating children, teens, and adults who are suffering from anxiety disorders, depression, life transitions, mood, and personality disorders. She has honed a comprehensive therapeutic style to best support patients’ sustainable life changes. Jamie currently works in an individual capacity with adolescents and adults, identifying their most pervasive symptoms with the intention of liberating them from their emotional confines.
Jamie Bennett is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of California with over 8 years of counseling experience. She specializes in treating children, teens, and adults who are suffering from anxiety disorders, depression, life transitions, mood, and personality disorders. She has honed a comprehensive therapeutic style to best support patients’ sustainable life changes. Jamie currently works in an individual capacity with adolescents and adults, identifying their most pervasive symptoms with the intention of liberating them from their emotional confines.
(707) 238-7092 View (707) 238-7092
Photo of Cristina Carter, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cristina Carter
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Times are rough, tell me about it. I work with youth and young adults, as well as adults and families in a variety of situations. I focus on acceptance and personal growth, healing and change, finding meaning in your relationships, and building the confidence to face difficult situations. My approach is built on foundations of being trauma-informed, culturally aware, and authentic.
Times are rough, tell me about it. I work with youth and young adults, as well as adults and families in a variety of situations. I focus on acceptance and personal growth, healing and change, finding meaning in your relationships, and building the confidence to face difficult situations. My approach is built on foundations of being trauma-informed, culturally aware, and authentic.
(415) 463-4607 View (415) 463-4607
Photo of Lori B Bloustein, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lori B Bloustein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
It has been said that all sickness is home-sickness. Your one true life is calling and therapy is a pathway home. Having a trusted companion on the journey is invaluable in the unfolding. A good therapist is a sounding board, a guide, a coach, a compassionate ear and an excellent compass. Someone who not only creates a safe space for exploration but joins you in the weeds, helps comb through the confusions, and acts, at the same time, as a referee, an archivist and a witness. A good therapist stands out of the way when the work is moving along & gently encourages when the work is stuck or sidelined.
It has been said that all sickness is home-sickness. Your one true life is calling and therapy is a pathway home. Having a trusted companion on the journey is invaluable in the unfolding. A good therapist is a sounding board, a guide, a coach, a compassionate ear and an excellent compass. Someone who not only creates a safe space for exploration but joins you in the weeds, helps comb through the confusions, and acts, at the same time, as a referee, an archivist and a witness. A good therapist stands out of the way when the work is moving along & gently encourages when the work is stuck or sidelined.
(415) 798-9519 View (415) 798-9519
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
56% Cigna and Evernorth
54% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.