Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of John R. Edwards, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
John R. Edwards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
Have you experienced awful or traumatic experiences in your life? Have these experiences left you feeling dazed and confused about who you are and how to navigate life? Does your brain and body feel overly tired? Do you worry about just about everything? Have difficulty with decisions and follow through? Perhaps you’re engaging with alcohol, drugs, food, and other things in unhelpful ways to try to numb emotional pain. Negative life experiences leave negative imprints on your brain and body. Heal your brain and body to change your life.
Have you experienced awful or traumatic experiences in your life? Have these experiences left you feeling dazed and confused about who you are and how to navigate life? Does your brain and body feel overly tired? Do you worry about just about everything? Have difficulty with decisions and follow through? Perhaps you’re engaging with alcohol, drugs, food, and other things in unhelpful ways to try to numb emotional pain. Negative life experiences leave negative imprints on your brain and body. Heal your brain and body to change your life.
(925) 575-9269 View (925) 575-9269
Photo of Next Steps Neuropsychology, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Next Steps Neuropsychology
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
We provide neuropsychological assessment and psychotherapy for adults. Common concerns for our clients include: Autism, ADHD, depression, anxiety, trauma, post-concussion syndrome, TBI, aging, and cognition. Specialty areas of competency include: neuropsychological assessment, gender diversity, gender affirming evaluations for medical care, veterans, and longstanding medical care.
We provide neuropsychological assessment and psychotherapy for adults. Common concerns for our clients include: Autism, ADHD, depression, anxiety, trauma, post-concussion syndrome, TBI, aging, and cognition. Specialty areas of competency include: neuropsychological assessment, gender diversity, gender affirming evaluations for medical care, veterans, and longstanding medical care.
(510) 602-2895 View (510) 602-2895
Photo of Christopher Medina Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Christopher Medina Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Are you or your child constantly finding yourself feeling lost, overwhelmed, exhausted, powerless or helpless in your daily life or in your relationships with others? Navigating the emotional spaces within our relationships, professions and ourselves is a complex and often, scary place to be in. While these spaces can be overwhelming and difficult to navigate, you deserve the space to be heard and met with with empathetic warmth in acknowledging the experiences, beliefs and feelings that have brought you here today. I warmly invite you to begin or continue that journey with me so we can learn, unlearn, explore and grow together.
Are you or your child constantly finding yourself feeling lost, overwhelmed, exhausted, powerless or helpless in your daily life or in your relationships with others? Navigating the emotional spaces within our relationships, professions and ourselves is a complex and often, scary place to be in. While these spaces can be overwhelming and difficult to navigate, you deserve the space to be heard and met with with empathetic warmth in acknowledging the experiences, beliefs and feelings that have brought you here today. I warmly invite you to begin or continue that journey with me so we can learn, unlearn, explore and grow together.
(510) 737-7959 View (510) 737-7959
Photo of Dr. David Gumpert, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dr. David Gumpert
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
I have worked since 2005 with clients with depression, stress, men's issues, and other life challenges, primarily in community mental health with marginalized and underserved communities. I see people seeking support for many difficulties, including:imposter syndrome, self-esteem, boundaries, vulnerability, shame, communication skills, difficulty asking for help or saying "no," and more. Reducing self-judgment will help you to make better decisions that are aligned with your core values. This will ultimately free you from negative thoughts or worries so you are more fully available for all the important things in your life.
I have worked since 2005 with clients with depression, stress, men's issues, and other life challenges, primarily in community mental health with marginalized and underserved communities. I see people seeking support for many difficulties, including:imposter syndrome, self-esteem, boundaries, vulnerability, shame, communication skills, difficulty asking for help or saying "no," and more. Reducing self-judgment will help you to make better decisions that are aligned with your core values. This will ultimately free you from negative thoughts or worries so you are more fully available for all the important things in your life.
(669) 209-9947 View (669) 209-9947
Photo of Judy Noddin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Judy Noddin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
I work with people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship stressors, and life transitions, as well as those who want to heal from childhood trauma and emotional neglect. I specialize in trauma focused therapy using Internal Family Systems (IFS), Somatic Attachment Therapy, and Expressive Arts Therapy. During individual sessions we will work together to identify and change the thought, behavior patterns, and beliefs that are keeping you stuck and suffering; help you gain greater access to your innate healing capacities and resilience; and grow your capacity for self-compassion, joy, creativity and connection.
I work with people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship stressors, and life transitions, as well as those who want to heal from childhood trauma and emotional neglect. I specialize in trauma focused therapy using Internal Family Systems (IFS), Somatic Attachment Therapy, and Expressive Arts Therapy. During individual sessions we will work together to identify and change the thought, behavior patterns, and beliefs that are keeping you stuck and suffering; help you gain greater access to your innate healing capacities and resilience; and grow your capacity for self-compassion, joy, creativity and connection.
(510) 254-3198 View (510) 254-3198
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
(415) 949-3802 View (415) 949-3802
Photo of Jessica B Montague, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jessica B Montague
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, IFECMH
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Not accepting new clients
It is very common that we find ourselves feeling alone or challenged in our most intimate relationships, even when there's love. Working collaboratively we will focus on understanding what's happening within you, strengthening connection in relationships, improving communication, and facilitating an experience of a felt sense that you are important, heard, seen and loved. My clinical style is warm, empathic, attuned, collaborative and client-centered. I work with individuals, couples & families of all ages & stages of life coping with a range of issues.
It is very common that we find ourselves feeling alone or challenged in our most intimate relationships, even when there's love. Working collaboratively we will focus on understanding what's happening within you, strengthening connection in relationships, improving communication, and facilitating an experience of a felt sense that you are important, heard, seen and loved. My clinical style is warm, empathic, attuned, collaborative and client-centered. I work with individuals, couples & families of all ages & stages of life coping with a range of issues.
(707) 786-6304 View (707) 786-6304
Photo of Ruth Lieu, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Ruth Lieu
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Welcome! I work with adult clients looking for help and support with a range of challenges. My specializations are in depression, anxiety and critical life transitions. I also provide career coaching. I have a background in clinical psychology and business and commonly work with individuals who are seeking help with struggles they experience emotionally and personally that keep them from reaching their full potential in their careers. My goal is to help clients feel better and healthier so that they can enjoy a life engaged in activities that are meaningful to them and connected to people that fulfill them.
Welcome! I work with adult clients looking for help and support with a range of challenges. My specializations are in depression, anxiety and critical life transitions. I also provide career coaching. I have a background in clinical psychology and business and commonly work with individuals who are seeking help with struggles they experience emotionally and personally that keep them from reaching their full potential in their careers. My goal is to help clients feel better and healthier so that they can enjoy a life engaged in activities that are meaningful to them and connected to people that fulfill them.
(415) 969-2210 View (415) 969-2210
Photo of Judith Muschel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Judith Muschel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Choosing a therapist is a significant decision, and one in which it is crucial to trust your feelings. I am a very engaging, warm and thoughtful person. My approach is eclectic and interactive, and is adapted to the unique needs of each individual or couple. Humor, respectful listening, honest dialogue and collaboration are all important aspects of my work. My priority is to provide a safe connection as a foundation for growth, enhanced self-esteem, and well-being. Habitual patterns causing impasses, lack of passion, anxiety and depression, can shift once underlying needs and feelings are legitimized and given voice.
Choosing a therapist is a significant decision, and one in which it is crucial to trust your feelings. I am a very engaging, warm and thoughtful person. My approach is eclectic and interactive, and is adapted to the unique needs of each individual or couple. Humor, respectful listening, honest dialogue and collaboration are all important aspects of my work. My priority is to provide a safe connection as a foundation for growth, enhanced self-esteem, and well-being. Habitual patterns causing impasses, lack of passion, anxiety and depression, can shift once underlying needs and feelings are legitimized and given voice.
(510) 403-8134 View (510) 403-8134
Photo of Karena Passaro, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Karena Passaro
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Life is harder than expected at times. Transitions, loss, trauma, persistent anxiety or depression, or a feeling that things will never change are just a few examples of the ways in which people can feel less hopeful about their lives. Psychotherapy is a tool that can alleviate the stressors of everyday life, improve one's sense of well being and connection with others and enhance one's self understanding. Over time it can also lead to a greater sense of competency and satisfaction in the world.
Life is harder than expected at times. Transitions, loss, trauma, persistent anxiety or depression, or a feeling that things will never change are just a few examples of the ways in which people can feel less hopeful about their lives. Psychotherapy is a tool that can alleviate the stressors of everyday life, improve one's sense of well being and connection with others and enhance one's self understanding. Over time it can also lead to a greater sense of competency and satisfaction in the world.
(510) 497-0702 View (510) 497-0702
Photo of David Cushman, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
David Cushman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
In a society that expects us to be constantly producing, connecting, and consuming, it is hard to take stock of the inherent complexities in our everyday lives, whether we are children, teens or adults. I see my role as creating a space for pause, reflection and calibration. I pay attention to themes that emerge from discussions we have, tracing the influences of past experiences to present decisions and emotions, helping to connect interactions in the therapy room to problems that emerge outside the therapy room.
In a society that expects us to be constantly producing, connecting, and consuming, it is hard to take stock of the inherent complexities in our everyday lives, whether we are children, teens or adults. I see my role as creating a space for pause, reflection and calibration. I pay attention to themes that emerge from discussions we have, tracing the influences of past experiences to present decisions and emotions, helping to connect interactions in the therapy room to problems that emerge outside the therapy room.
(415) 841-2481 View (415) 841-2481
Photo of Justine Gordon, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Justine Gordon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Navigating life's challenges is never easy, but reaching out for help is a brave first step to living a more genuine and fulfilling life. I have expertise in working with individuals struggling with childhood trauma and trauma-related symptoms such as grief, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relational conflict. I believe every client is unique and deserves to be listened to and understood in an empathetic way. I am passionate about creating a safe, kind, collaborative and judgment-free space where clients can attain new insights, experience new feelings, and find a renewed sense of physical and mental well-being.
Navigating life's challenges is never easy, but reaching out for help is a brave first step to living a more genuine and fulfilling life. I have expertise in working with individuals struggling with childhood trauma and trauma-related symptoms such as grief, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relational conflict. I believe every client is unique and deserves to be listened to and understood in an empathetic way. I am passionate about creating a safe, kind, collaborative and judgment-free space where clients can attain new insights, experience new feelings, and find a renewed sense of physical and mental well-being.
(415) 936-0776 View (415) 936-0776
Photo of Lily Jaser, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lily Jaser
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Do you feel unsettled in relationships? Or limited by other peoples’ ideas of who you should be or how you should act? Is it hard to turn off that critical voice inside? Do you feel exhausted putting other people’s needs before your own? Do you seek a greater sense of authenticity in yourself and others? Sometimes we don't have the words to describe our experiences and that's ok. Together, we can work to transform old patterns. Whether its clarifying what you need, improving communication, or getting past the unresolved, my goal is to support you and help you learn more about yourself and your most important relationships.
Do you feel unsettled in relationships? Or limited by other peoples’ ideas of who you should be or how you should act? Is it hard to turn off that critical voice inside? Do you feel exhausted putting other people’s needs before your own? Do you seek a greater sense of authenticity in yourself and others? Sometimes we don't have the words to describe our experiences and that's ok. Together, we can work to transform old patterns. Whether its clarifying what you need, improving communication, or getting past the unresolved, my goal is to support you and help you learn more about yourself and your most important relationships.
(510) 272-7233 View (510) 272-7233
Photo of Heidi F Yoder, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Heidi F Yoder
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I work with Individuals and Couples developing better skills for communication, coping with stress and life transitions, and relationship building skills. I offer deeply attentive and compassionate Therapy that doesn't shy away from hard conversations and is culturally responsive. I am active in your sessions, asking thoughtful questions, observing strengths and progress, and checking in. I use an eclectic mix of Attachment Theory, Somatic Therapies, Gottman, and RLT. I help people reconnect with their inner knowing to become their best selves. I work with lots of LGBTQ Clients in Couples, who work in Security, and who are teens.
I work with Individuals and Couples developing better skills for communication, coping with stress and life transitions, and relationship building skills. I offer deeply attentive and compassionate Therapy that doesn't shy away from hard conversations and is culturally responsive. I am active in your sessions, asking thoughtful questions, observing strengths and progress, and checking in. I use an eclectic mix of Attachment Theory, Somatic Therapies, Gottman, and RLT. I help people reconnect with their inner knowing to become their best selves. I work with lots of LGBTQ Clients in Couples, who work in Security, and who are teens.
(510) 560-7108 View (510) 560-7108
Photo of Eugenie A Hsu, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Eugenie A Hsu
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Traumatic experiences, whether single incident or complex, can lead to relationship problems, shame, low self-esteem, problems trusting others, feeling unsafe, unhealthy relationship dynamics, maladaptive coping, anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and reactivity to trauma triggers (startle response, emotional numbing, intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, hypervigilance, dissociation, etc.). I treat clients whose problems have originated from traumatic experiences to help them heal from the past and to live a full life in the present.
Traumatic experiences, whether single incident or complex, can lead to relationship problems, shame, low self-esteem, problems trusting others, feeling unsafe, unhealthy relationship dynamics, maladaptive coping, anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and reactivity to trauma triggers (startle response, emotional numbing, intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, hypervigilance, dissociation, etc.). I treat clients whose problems have originated from traumatic experiences to help them heal from the past and to live a full life in the present.
(510) 256-7763 View (510) 256-7763
Photo of Karen Flynn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Karen Flynn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
I love my work! My expertise lies in repairing relationships. I'm a certified Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) therapist through ICCEFT. EFT offers an ideal approach for working with couples, individuals, and families alike. Additionally, my practice is enriched by the invaluable insights from the Gottman Institute, where I have achieved Level 3 training. My clinical journey includes comprehensive training from UCSF's Infant-Parent Program in San Francisco, along with The Psychotherapy Institute, and The Women's Therapy Center, both in Berkeley.
I love my work! My expertise lies in repairing relationships. I'm a certified Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) therapist through ICCEFT. EFT offers an ideal approach for working with couples, individuals, and families alike. Additionally, my practice is enriched by the invaluable insights from the Gottman Institute, where I have achieved Level 3 training. My clinical journey includes comprehensive training from UCSF's Infant-Parent Program in San Francisco, along with The Psychotherapy Institute, and The Women's Therapy Center, both in Berkeley.
(510) 272-7350 View (510) 272-7350
Photo of Julie Fishman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Julie Fishman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
I work with individuals and couples, offering in person or video sessions and specializing in issues of depression, anxiety, and relationship. I believe that we all have the capacity to feel more alive, and achieve our creative potentials. An important part of fostering growth is building trust and safety in the therapeutic relationship, so I place a focus on this as a foundation for our work together. From there, I will support you in working toward goals that we co-create, and can help you to feel a sense of purpose, connection, and freedom in your life. For more information you can visit my website at: juliefishmantherapy.com
I work with individuals and couples, offering in person or video sessions and specializing in issues of depression, anxiety, and relationship. I believe that we all have the capacity to feel more alive, and achieve our creative potentials. An important part of fostering growth is building trust and safety in the therapeutic relationship, so I place a focus on this as a foundation for our work together. From there, I will support you in working toward goals that we co-create, and can help you to feel a sense of purpose, connection, and freedom in your life. For more information you can visit my website at: juliefishmantherapy.com
(510) 394-3698 View (510) 394-3698
Photo of Stephanie Bossy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Stephanie Bossy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I welcome you to journey inward with the support of another person by your side. In our work together, I hope to make space for all parts of your experience to come forward, especially ones that have seemed unacceptable or unwelcome in society. My approach to psychotherapy is holistic. It is descriptive rather than prescriptive, and focused on the whole person and their environment.
I welcome you to journey inward with the support of another person by your side. In our work together, I hope to make space for all parts of your experience to come forward, especially ones that have seemed unacceptable or unwelcome in society. My approach to psychotherapy is holistic. It is descriptive rather than prescriptive, and focused on the whole person and their environment.
(415) 914-7597 View (415) 914-7597
Photo of Jennifer Lilly, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jennifer Lilly
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Do you have relationships in your life that are not working, and no matter what you do, it doesn't seem to get better? Are you looking for a partner, but find that it never seems to work out? Do you feel disconnected from others and are longing for relationships that are solid and fulfilling? Relationships take work and psychotherapy is an opportunity to understand who you are in relationship and how to create and healthy and supportive connections. I work with both individuals and couples to explore, cultivate and sustain intimacy.
Do you have relationships in your life that are not working, and no matter what you do, it doesn't seem to get better? Are you looking for a partner, but find that it never seems to work out? Do you feel disconnected from others and are longing for relationships that are solid and fulfilling? Relationships take work and psychotherapy is an opportunity to understand who you are in relationship and how to create and healthy and supportive connections. I work with both individuals and couples to explore, cultivate and sustain intimacy.
(415) 237-2667 View (415) 237-2667
Photo of Shannon Hurley, Psychological Associate in Oakland, CA
Shannon Hurley
Psychological Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
I am a therapist who believes that healing is done within the context of relationship. This includes an individual’s relationship to their body, their environment, and interpersonally. I seek to help empower my clients in order for them to gain confidence in their own capacity to be successful. I hope to offer individuals an opportunity to enrich and find deep meaning in their lives
I am a therapist who believes that healing is done within the context of relationship. This includes an individual’s relationship to their body, their environment, and interpersonally. I seek to help empower my clients in order for them to gain confidence in their own capacity to be successful. I hope to offer individuals an opportunity to enrich and find deep meaning in their lives
(510) 901-3242 View (510) 901-3242

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.