Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Mark Hirschfield, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Mark Hirschfield
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Hello! I work with individuals who wish to create lasting, positive changes in their lives and relationships. I offer safe, compassionate and supportive counseling in an atmosphere that deepens understanding, promotes healing, and releases potential. Unresolved emotional issues can stifle creativity, confidence, ambition, and our ability for good relationships. Trauma and loss can cause sadness, depression and pain that inhibit and block. My personal style is interactive, empathic, non-judgmental and respectful of individual values and choices.
Hello! I work with individuals who wish to create lasting, positive changes in their lives and relationships. I offer safe, compassionate and supportive counseling in an atmosphere that deepens understanding, promotes healing, and releases potential. Unresolved emotional issues can stifle creativity, confidence, ambition, and our ability for good relationships. Trauma and loss can cause sadness, depression and pain that inhibit and block. My personal style is interactive, empathic, non-judgmental and respectful of individual values and choices.
(415) 326-1276 View (415) 326-1276
Photo of Laurie Agee MFT Certified Gottman Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Laurie Agee MFT Certified Gottman Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
I am a Certified Gottman Therapist specializing in helping couples apply cinically proven methods to manage painful conflict and restore friendship, romance and passion to their relationship. Most couples call because the love they feel has been lost or buried under increasingly frequent or more intense arguing and conflict. Many couples find themselves avoiding important discussions altogether, or flaring into go-nowhere fights. Scientifically proven methods help couples learn healthy ways to clear the air when are hurt, compromise in a way that is a win-win and build a rich and rewarding friendship that fuels passion and romance.
I am a Certified Gottman Therapist specializing in helping couples apply cinically proven methods to manage painful conflict and restore friendship, romance and passion to their relationship. Most couples call because the love they feel has been lost or buried under increasingly frequent or more intense arguing and conflict. Many couples find themselves avoiding important discussions altogether, or flaring into go-nowhere fights. Scientifically proven methods help couples learn healthy ways to clear the air when are hurt, compromise in a way that is a win-win and build a rich and rewarding friendship that fuels passion and romance.
(415) 534-6268 View (415) 534-6268
Photo of Cynthia Cohn, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Cynthia Cohn
Psychologist, MFA, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
For 17 years, I have worked successfully w/individuals and couples who want to feel better/create change in their lives. Whether relationship difficulty; anxiety or depression; work stress; life transition; trauma, loss, insecurity; you seek direction, deeper connection, a more creative/fulfilling life, or just feel lost or stuck - I tailor the treatment to your unique needs. Good therapy can transform - lead to feeling more alive, true to yourself, capable. We'll work together to alleviate your suffering, challenge old patterns of thinking/relating/behavior behind your distress, find new perspective, achieve your goals.
For 17 years, I have worked successfully w/individuals and couples who want to feel better/create change in their lives. Whether relationship difficulty; anxiety or depression; work stress; life transition; trauma, loss, insecurity; you seek direction, deeper connection, a more creative/fulfilling life, or just feel lost or stuck - I tailor the treatment to your unique needs. Good therapy can transform - lead to feeling more alive, true to yourself, capable. We'll work together to alleviate your suffering, challenge old patterns of thinking/relating/behavior behind your distress, find new perspective, achieve your goals.
(415) 820-1688 View (415) 820-1688
Photo of Rachel Ganz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rachel Ganz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Waitlist for new clients
If you’re here, I imagine you may have found yourself exhausted, stuck, and suffering despite your best efforts. Maybe you're so chronically overwhelmed from trying to balance the demands of life that you find yourself unable to enjoy any moments of rest or recharge. Or you feel that despite how far you've come in achieving your goals you're never doing enough, and you're losing sight of why those goals matter in the first place. Maybe you silently struggle with a deep-seated fear that you're one misstep away from proving yourself an imposter and losing all that you've worked towards. Do you worry you'll never stop feeling this way?
If you’re here, I imagine you may have found yourself exhausted, stuck, and suffering despite your best efforts. Maybe you're so chronically overwhelmed from trying to balance the demands of life that you find yourself unable to enjoy any moments of rest or recharge. Or you feel that despite how far you've come in achieving your goals you're never doing enough, and you're losing sight of why those goals matter in the first place. Maybe you silently struggle with a deep-seated fear that you're one misstep away from proving yourself an imposter and losing all that you've worked towards. Do you worry you'll never stop feeling this way?
(628) 266-4655 View (628) 266-4655
Photo of Karla Schlags, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Karla Schlags
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
I am the founder of a group practice, California Integrative Counseling Center, located in downtown San Francisco. Our team specializes in treating individuals with ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, mood disorders, career challenges, relationship issues, and those going through life transitions. We provide individual therapy, group therapy for Adults with ADHD, couples therapy, teen therapy, and family therapy.
I am the founder of a group practice, California Integrative Counseling Center, located in downtown San Francisco. Our team specializes in treating individuals with ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, mood disorders, career challenges, relationship issues, and those going through life transitions. We provide individual therapy, group therapy for Adults with ADHD, couples therapy, teen therapy, and family therapy.
(415) 524-0582 x1 View (415) 524-0582 x1
Photo of Seth Isaiah Rubin, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Seth Isaiah Rubin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Profound Transformations Are Possible for Suffering Professionals. I specialize in helping health care providers, lawyers, scientists, academics, and other psychologists achieve meaningful life changes through private consulting.
Profound Transformations Are Possible for Suffering Professionals. I specialize in helping health care providers, lawyers, scientists, academics, and other psychologists achieve meaningful life changes through private consulting.
(650) 603-0554 View (650) 603-0554
Photo of Brigitte Knight, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Brigitte Knight
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94112
I specialize in therapeutic services for children birth to adolescence, families & adults. I use a trauma-sensitive, strengths-based approach & believe that through the therapeutic relationship one develops the ability to make change, process past & present challenges, and learn coping skills for specific needs and overall wellness. I support and respect clients to develop goals & intentions for their wellness, at their own comfort level and pace. Upon request, I provide case coordination with other providers. I have provided therapeutic services in schools & the SF Bay Area community for over 25 years in English and Spanish.
I specialize in therapeutic services for children birth to adolescence, families & adults. I use a trauma-sensitive, strengths-based approach & believe that through the therapeutic relationship one develops the ability to make change, process past & present challenges, and learn coping skills for specific needs and overall wellness. I support and respect clients to develop goals & intentions for their wellness, at their own comfort level and pace. Upon request, I provide case coordination with other providers. I have provided therapeutic services in schools & the SF Bay Area community for over 25 years in English and Spanish.
(415) 366-3636 View (415) 366-3636
Photo of Melanie Stein, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Melanie Stein
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Being human is hard, and we’re not meant to do it alone. There are lots of things in our lives that can cause us to feel disconnected from ourselves, others, or our lives. I see therapy as a path along which we can come to meet ourselves and our suffering, and connect more intimately with life through the support of a safe, trusted, loving presence. I aim to provide that presence for my clients. We’ll work together to create a relationship where you feel seen, heard, and supported to process, feel, and transform.
Being human is hard, and we’re not meant to do it alone. There are lots of things in our lives that can cause us to feel disconnected from ourselves, others, or our lives. I see therapy as a path along which we can come to meet ourselves and our suffering, and connect more intimately with life through the support of a safe, trusted, loving presence. I aim to provide that presence for my clients. We’ll work together to create a relationship where you feel seen, heard, and supported to process, feel, and transform.
(415) 449-0399 View (415) 449-0399
Photo of Abigail K, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Abigail K
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94132  (Online Only)
We help over-achieving, perfectionist women get rid of anxiety, find inner peace and true confidence. Are you finally at a place in your life where you're no longer in survival mode? You’ve hit your career milestones? You’re checking off the bucket list items? Your friends and family think you’re doing so well… but there's still something missing? I get it. You might experience low levels of chronic depression and anxiety masked as perfectionism, people-pleasing, or work-a-holic like tendencies.
We help over-achieving, perfectionist women get rid of anxiety, find inner peace and true confidence. Are you finally at a place in your life where you're no longer in survival mode? You’ve hit your career milestones? You’re checking off the bucket list items? Your friends and family think you’re doing so well… but there's still something missing? I get it. You might experience low levels of chronic depression and anxiety masked as perfectionism, people-pleasing, or work-a-holic like tendencies.
(415) 687-4262 View (415) 687-4262
Photo of Joanna Lay, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Joanna Lay
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
It’s girl dinner again tonight. Glass of AIX in hand, you can finally start to feel your shoulders relax. Luke’s makes it so easy: Humboldt fog + rustic bakery crackers + Castelvetrano olives. You deserve it after all: first comforting your boss who was triggered after annual review and then your sister when she called you sobbing because her ex just reactivated his tinder profile–you know exactly how to support everyone else. So, it doesn’t make sense that you were on the verge of a panic attack (again) today, but look at how well you’re handling it.
It’s girl dinner again tonight. Glass of AIX in hand, you can finally start to feel your shoulders relax. Luke’s makes it so easy: Humboldt fog + rustic bakery crackers + Castelvetrano olives. You deserve it after all: first comforting your boss who was triggered after annual review and then your sister when she called you sobbing because her ex just reactivated his tinder profile–you know exactly how to support everyone else. So, it doesn’t make sense that you were on the verge of a panic attack (again) today, but look at how well you’re handling it.
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Photo of Autumn B. Carlin, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Autumn B. Carlin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
Are you stuck and unhappy in your marriage? Do you find yourself wanting to have an affair or has there been one? Do you feel like roommates doing it for the kids? Are you in the agonizing loop of should I stay or should I leave? I have helped many individuals and couples transform their relationships- reconnecting or disconnecting in a healthy way.
Are you stuck and unhappy in your marriage? Do you find yourself wanting to have an affair or has there been one? Do you feel like roommates doing it for the kids? Are you in the agonizing loop of should I stay or should I leave? I have helped many individuals and couples transform their relationships- reconnecting or disconnecting in a healthy way.
(415) 909-4184 View (415) 909-4184
Photo of Preston Yee, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Preston Yee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122
Having trouble communicating with your kids? Is social anxiety, depression, isolation, hyperactive, or behavioral issues holding them back from their full potential? Do they experiences challenges like making friends, truancy, bullying, drugs, fighting, getting in trouble at school or the law? I am here to help build the relationship and communication you and your family deserve.
Having trouble communicating with your kids? Is social anxiety, depression, isolation, hyperactive, or behavioral issues holding them back from their full potential? Do they experiences challenges like making friends, truancy, bullying, drugs, fighting, getting in trouble at school or the law? I am here to help build the relationship and communication you and your family deserve.
(415) 579-1638 View (415) 579-1638
Photo of Andy Nguyen, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Andy Nguyen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Perhaps you reached the top of the mountain only to ask, now what? An adamant voice says there is no life worth leading unless you are exceptional. Or you manage things on the surface seamlessly only to feel overwhelmed behind closed doors. It would make so much sense. Our environment has demanded more in recent times—be more, do more, have more—all at once. It is not by chance we exist in the age of superheroes and social media. There are bigger shoes for us and our children to grow into yet not enough room to play or tend to the inner person. Perhaps we learned ways to survive that no longer serve us.
Perhaps you reached the top of the mountain only to ask, now what? An adamant voice says there is no life worth leading unless you are exceptional. Or you manage things on the surface seamlessly only to feel overwhelmed behind closed doors. It would make so much sense. Our environment has demanded more in recent times—be more, do more, have more—all at once. It is not by chance we exist in the age of superheroes and social media. There are bigger shoes for us and our children to grow into yet not enough room to play or tend to the inner person. Perhaps we learned ways to survive that no longer serve us.
(415) 366-9097 View (415) 366-9097
Photo of Leah Heyman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Leah Heyman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Tired of feeling exhausted all the time? Are you moving through life but not fully living it? You're not alone, and it doesn't have to be this way. My aim is to help you cultivate resilience, reconcile past pains, and forge a path toward greater well-being. I specialize in working with teens and adults navigating the complexities of trauma, focusing on dissociation, substance use/addiction, chronic illness, and disordered eating. My approach emphasizes fostering positive self-esteem, setting personal boundaries, exploring intersectional identities, practicing non-violent communication, and enhancing the mind-body connection.
Tired of feeling exhausted all the time? Are you moving through life but not fully living it? You're not alone, and it doesn't have to be this way. My aim is to help you cultivate resilience, reconcile past pains, and forge a path toward greater well-being. I specialize in working with teens and adults navigating the complexities of trauma, focusing on dissociation, substance use/addiction, chronic illness, and disordered eating. My approach emphasizes fostering positive self-esteem, setting personal boundaries, exploring intersectional identities, practicing non-violent communication, and enhancing the mind-body connection.
(415) 874-0832 View (415) 874-0832
Photo of Amber Leshan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Amber Leshan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
I aim to bring heart, presence, connection, and meaningful guidance to all who choose to work with me. Some of my main areas of focus with clients are navigating relationship issues, building healthy self esteem, anxiety and stress management, and working through trauma. I also have specialized experience working with LGBTQ+ clients, individuals and couples navigating polyamory and open relationships, gender identity (non binary and transgender), sexuality and sacred sexuality, and non traditional spiritual practices. I enjoy working with clients who have a general interest and motivation towards self-reflection and personal growth.
I aim to bring heart, presence, connection, and meaningful guidance to all who choose to work with me. Some of my main areas of focus with clients are navigating relationship issues, building healthy self esteem, anxiety and stress management, and working through trauma. I also have specialized experience working with LGBTQ+ clients, individuals and couples navigating polyamory and open relationships, gender identity (non binary and transgender), sexuality and sacred sexuality, and non traditional spiritual practices. I enjoy working with clients who have a general interest and motivation towards self-reflection and personal growth.
(415) 879-8077 View (415) 879-8077
Photo of Nathalie Servin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nathalie Servin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Therapy provides a safe container to unlearn who we were conditioned to be. I believe that this experience offers us liberation, which comes from healing our wounds and learning to feel more comfortable being our authentic selves. From a strength-based and trauma-informed approach, I utilize thoughtful questions and share practical tools tailored to your needs so that you leave the session feeling validated and encouraged to achieve your goals.
Therapy provides a safe container to unlearn who we were conditioned to be. I believe that this experience offers us liberation, which comes from healing our wounds and learning to feel more comfortable being our authentic selves. From a strength-based and trauma-informed approach, I utilize thoughtful questions and share practical tools tailored to your needs so that you leave the session feeling validated and encouraged to achieve your goals.
(415) 797-0650 View (415) 797-0650
Photo of Reina Turner, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Reina Turner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
As far as anyone can tell you have it all together, but you feel like you’re crumbling on the inside. You feel competent and secure in many areas of your life but your relationships just never seem to work out and you find that you constantly compare yourself to others. You’ve developed a dialogue in your head that you’re not good enough and that things are destined to be this way forever. But not anymore, a change is long overdue.
As far as anyone can tell you have it all together, but you feel like you’re crumbling on the inside. You feel competent and secure in many areas of your life but your relationships just never seem to work out and you find that you constantly compare yourself to others. You’ve developed a dialogue in your head that you’re not good enough and that things are destined to be this way forever. But not anymore, a change is long overdue.
(628) 333-2249 View (628) 333-2249
Photo of H. Michael Brown, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
H. Michael Brown
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
You don’t have to suffer without hope…or help. Whether you’re feeling depressed and anxious, worried and preoccupied, or blocked creatively, psychotherapy can help you to feel better. I work with both individuals and couples. With more than 20 years experience in helping people overcome their obstacles, I can help you to identify what’s in need of adjustment and provide tools to make those changes. Call or visit my website for more information. My initial consultation is free.
You don’t have to suffer without hope…or help. Whether you’re feeling depressed and anxious, worried and preoccupied, or blocked creatively, psychotherapy can help you to feel better. I work with both individuals and couples. With more than 20 years experience in helping people overcome their obstacles, I can help you to identify what’s in need of adjustment and provide tools to make those changes. Call or visit my website for more information. My initial consultation is free.
(415) 669-4331 View (415) 669-4331
Photo of Jessica McGowen, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jessica McGowen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
I have 20 years of experience but I don't believe that says anything unless I can relate, connect and feel with my clients. I can be professional when necessary but I am better at just being real. I am not everyones therapist and I am okay with it. I engage in the conversation with respect and authenticity. I'm direct with the intention to help and shift the issues in a place for change . I am good at what I do and passionate about helping people through pain.
I have 20 years of experience but I don't believe that says anything unless I can relate, connect and feel with my clients. I can be professional when necessary but I am better at just being real. I am not everyones therapist and I am okay with it. I engage in the conversation with respect and authenticity. I'm direct with the intention to help and shift the issues in a place for change . I am good at what I do and passionate about helping people through pain.
(415) 529-8891 View (415) 529-8891
Photo of Kimberly Koljat, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kimberly Koljat
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, IMFT-S, RPT-S, RDT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
Looking for the right fit in therapy is everything, & I gladly meet my clients where they are & help them move towards the change they want to see in their lives. I provide insight-oriented therapy to those who want to work on how they show up in relationship, looking at behavioral patterns and unpacking how we can change the scripts that influence how you interact with others. I help those navigating the world as a Highly Sensitive Person or with neurodivergence, and are interested in therapy for the betterment of their relationship to self and others. I specialize in working with grieving clients navigating life altering change.
Looking for the right fit in therapy is everything, & I gladly meet my clients where they are & help them move towards the change they want to see in their lives. I provide insight-oriented therapy to those who want to work on how they show up in relationship, looking at behavioral patterns and unpacking how we can change the scripts that influence how you interact with others. I help those navigating the world as a Highly Sensitive Person or with neurodivergence, and are interested in therapy for the betterment of their relationship to self and others. I specialize in working with grieving clients navigating life altering change.
(216) 238-6815 View (216) 238-6815

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.