Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Susannah Ruth Feder, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Susannah Ruth Feder
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I am most experienced in working with people with pain, illness, addictions, anxiety and depression. I use interpersonal and cognitive approaches to these issues, and believe that the client is best able to assist in selecting the types of approaches best suited to them.
I am most experienced in working with people with pain, illness, addictions, anxiety and depression. I use interpersonal and cognitive approaches to these issues, and believe that the client is best able to assist in selecting the types of approaches best suited to them.
(925) 448-9343 View (925) 448-9343
Photo of UniHealth Counseling & Psychology, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
UniHealth Counseling & Psychology
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCBTS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
If you feel the stress of personal relationships, the stress of work, and even the stress bottled up from life circumstances over the years, we may be able to help. When challenging experiences push us away from our path, and from living up to the potential we know we have, an attentive and responsive therapeutic environment for positive healthy change may help. Our office is a safe, private, and confidential space to tell your story and define your journey. We offer support to help you sort through worries, stress, negative feelings, and the internal tensions holding you back from developing a fresh and clear journey for your life.
If you feel the stress of personal relationships, the stress of work, and even the stress bottled up from life circumstances over the years, we may be able to help. When challenging experiences push us away from our path, and from living up to the potential we know we have, an attentive and responsive therapeutic environment for positive healthy change may help. Our office is a safe, private, and confidential space to tell your story and define your journey. We offer support to help you sort through worries, stress, negative feelings, and the internal tensions holding you back from developing a fresh and clear journey for your life.
(415) 749-9871 View (415) 749-9871
Photo of Myra Altman, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Myra Altman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94111
Dr. Myra Altman is a licensed clinical psychologist and the VP of Clinical Care at Modern Health. Myra received her PhD in clinical psychology from Washington University in St. Louis, where her research focused on the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. This sparked an interest in the structural factors that influence personal health and well-being, including how the workplace can promote or hinder health. She has spent a decade providing evidence-based care for anxiety, depression, and health psychology and is passionate about how to ensure these approaches are scaled across populations.
Dr. Myra Altman is a licensed clinical psychologist and the VP of Clinical Care at Modern Health. Myra received her PhD in clinical psychology from Washington University in St. Louis, where her research focused on the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. This sparked an interest in the structural factors that influence personal health and well-being, including how the workplace can promote or hinder health. She has spent a decade providing evidence-based care for anxiety, depression, and health psychology and is passionate about how to ensure these approaches are scaled across populations.
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Photo of Walter Beckman, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Walter Beckman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Something is troubling you. What you can gain from greater self-awareness, understanding and true compassion for yourself can be extraordinary. Our conversations will help you overcome the obstacles to accessing the resources you already possess and developing those that are yet to come forth. Whether you suffer from anxiety, difficult grief or loss, creative blocks, or under-utilization of your full potential, talking to a non-judgmental professional listener can help.
Something is troubling you. What you can gain from greater self-awareness, understanding and true compassion for yourself can be extraordinary. Our conversations will help you overcome the obstacles to accessing the resources you already possess and developing those that are yet to come forth. Whether you suffer from anxiety, difficult grief or loss, creative blocks, or under-utilization of your full potential, talking to a non-judgmental professional listener can help.
(415) 789-3477 View (415) 789-3477
Photo of Tina Smelser MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Tina Smelser MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Often, much of the suffering a person experiences comes from difficulties in relationships; with others and with oneself. With compassion and understanding, I can help you explore what gets in the way of having satisfying relationships. As part of that process, we can look at ways to communicate more effectively. I have special interest and experience in working with people from different cultural backgrounds, of mixed cultural backgrounds, or in cross-cultural relationships. I have worked with many clients who are adult children of alcoholics, and understand the challenges of such an upbringing. I work with individual adults and couples.
Often, much of the suffering a person experiences comes from difficulties in relationships; with others and with oneself. With compassion and understanding, I can help you explore what gets in the way of having satisfying relationships. As part of that process, we can look at ways to communicate more effectively. I have special interest and experience in working with people from different cultural backgrounds, of mixed cultural backgrounds, or in cross-cultural relationships. I have worked with many clients who are adult children of alcoholics, and understand the challenges of such an upbringing. I work with individual adults and couples.
(415) 663-2971 View (415) 663-2971
Photo of Jana Rydlova, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jana Rydlova
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Jana Rydlova is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who started practicing in 2017. She has a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a Master of Science in Psychology. Jana believes in providing clients with tools and support to help them reach a happy and fulfilling life. In her spare time, Jana enjoys mountaineering, climbing, skiing, hiking, photography, and playing ukulele.
Jana Rydlova is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who started practicing in 2017. She has a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a Master of Science in Psychology. Jana believes in providing clients with tools and support to help them reach a happy and fulfilling life. In her spare time, Jana enjoys mountaineering, climbing, skiing, hiking, photography, and playing ukulele.
(628) 216-2589 View (628) 216-2589
Photo of Jessica ' Chiara ' Viscomi, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jessica ' Chiara ' Viscomi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
Are you looking to recover from the wounds of narcissistic abuse and codependency and forge happier, healthier relationships? Welcome. Or do you need support for having a loved one with serious mental illness (SMI)? Welcome.
Are you looking to recover from the wounds of narcissistic abuse and codependency and forge happier, healthier relationships? Welcome. Or do you need support for having a loved one with serious mental illness (SMI)? Welcome.
(415) 569-0239 View (415) 569-0239
Photo of Amy Hyun Swart, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Amy Hyun Swart
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, RYT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
We are living in challenging times. When a heartbreaking loss knocks us down to the ground, or a trauma from the past gets activated from a recent event, it can feel unbearable to cope with all that is already happening in the world. In our work together, we will bring the healing power of awareness to the discomfort in a safe and supportive setting to help you increase your capacity to be with the pain, and move through it. So often we are unaware of the patterns we hold in our bodies and minds that keep us stuck. Together we can shed light on what is happening so you can choose how you want to respond and show up in your life.
We are living in challenging times. When a heartbreaking loss knocks us down to the ground, or a trauma from the past gets activated from a recent event, it can feel unbearable to cope with all that is already happening in the world. In our work together, we will bring the healing power of awareness to the discomfort in a safe and supportive setting to help you increase your capacity to be with the pain, and move through it. So often we are unaware of the patterns we hold in our bodies and minds that keep us stuck. Together we can shed light on what is happening so you can choose how you want to respond and show up in your life.
(650) 295-0420 View (650) 295-0420
Photo of Nicholas Cardé, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Nicholas Cardé
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Trouble sleeping? I am a clinical sleep psychologist who specializes in behavioral sleep medicine and the evidence-based treatment of insomnia and sleep problems. I have over a decade of experience in helping individuals, groups and organizations learn strategies to sleep well at night and perform their best during the day. If you suffer from sleep problems, I offer expert cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) which can provide fast and effective relief from insomnia and improved sleep within just a few sessions.
Trouble sleeping? I am a clinical sleep psychologist who specializes in behavioral sleep medicine and the evidence-based treatment of insomnia and sleep problems. I have over a decade of experience in helping individuals, groups and organizations learn strategies to sleep well at night and perform their best during the day. If you suffer from sleep problems, I offer expert cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) which can provide fast and effective relief from insomnia and improved sleep within just a few sessions.
(415) 237-2063 View (415) 237-2063
Photo of Laura Hernandez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Laura Hernandez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I am a therapist with over 15 years of experience working with children, adults, and families. I use an individualized approach with my clients as I recognize that everyone’s journey is different. I aim to create a safe environment by developing a trusting relationship in the therapeutic process. I work collaboratively with the clients to help them overcome stressors through self-growth and self-reflection. I focus on highlighting strengths and developing healthy ways of coping with life transitions.
I am a therapist with over 15 years of experience working with children, adults, and families. I use an individualized approach with my clients as I recognize that everyone’s journey is different. I aim to create a safe environment by developing a trusting relationship in the therapeutic process. I work collaboratively with the clients to help them overcome stressors through self-growth and self-reflection. I focus on highlighting strengths and developing healthy ways of coping with life transitions.
(415) 797-0238 View (415) 797-0238
Photo of Whitney Clarke, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Whitney Clarke
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
It can be a relief to know that the aspects of ourselves that challenge our patience and understanding were once helpful to us; and like many aspects of life, can change and adapt. I am a firm believer that our struggles can, and often are trying to tell us something that deserves our attention and understanding. Therapy can transform our experience of ourselves and of the world we live in; from rigidity to vital resilience in a world that is full of opportunity. A good fit is important, so call for a consultation and we can take it from there.
It can be a relief to know that the aspects of ourselves that challenge our patience and understanding were once helpful to us; and like many aspects of life, can change and adapt. I am a firm believer that our struggles can, and often are trying to tell us something that deserves our attention and understanding. Therapy can transform our experience of ourselves and of the world we live in; from rigidity to vital resilience in a world that is full of opportunity. A good fit is important, so call for a consultation and we can take it from there.
(415) 980-4462 View (415) 980-4462
Photo of Octave - Financial District SF Clinic, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Octave - Financial District SF Clinic
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Octave is a modern practice creating a new standard for mental health care that’s both high-quality and accessible. With in-person and virtual clinics in California, Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Texas, and Washington D.C., we partner with you to develop personalized plans that can include individual, couples, and family therapy to best suit your needs. Grounded in science, our approach enables you to experience profound change that is just as measurable as it is meaningful. Learn more at www.findoctave.com
Octave is a modern practice creating a new standard for mental health care that’s both high-quality and accessible. With in-person and virtual clinics in California, Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Texas, and Washington D.C., we partner with you to develop personalized plans that can include individual, couples, and family therapy to best suit your needs. Grounded in science, our approach enables you to experience profound change that is just as measurable as it is meaningful. Learn more at www.findoctave.com
(415) 634-1043 View (415) 634-1043
Photo of Anna March Henderson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Anna March Henderson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
I adore my clients. I'm a former management consultant and I apply my problem-solving skills to support clients with a wide variety of challenges and goals, be they deeply personal, work-related, or something else entirely. I enter every new relationship with utmost curiosity while I learn what is most supportive to my client, and I regard every individual as the expert of their own lived experience.
I adore my clients. I'm a former management consultant and I apply my problem-solving skills to support clients with a wide variety of challenges and goals, be they deeply personal, work-related, or something else entirely. I enter every new relationship with utmost curiosity while I learn what is most supportive to my client, and I regard every individual as the expert of their own lived experience.
(415) 301-2518 View (415) 301-2518
Photo of Linda Michels, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Linda Michels
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I think you know what would make you happy but don't know how to make it happen. This applies to both individuals and couples. People stop themselves from moving forward because they think they can't or don't deserve to get their own needs met. I can help you overcome blocks, fears, guilt, depression, and/or self-defeating behaviors so you can free yourself to be happy and more successful. It seems daunting but, with support and direction, it is possible to improve your life. This is even true for people who are suffering from more debilitating problems such as Bipolar Disorder, OCD,or Schizoaffective Disorders.
I think you know what would make you happy but don't know how to make it happen. This applies to both individuals and couples. People stop themselves from moving forward because they think they can't or don't deserve to get their own needs met. I can help you overcome blocks, fears, guilt, depression, and/or self-defeating behaviors so you can free yourself to be happy and more successful. It seems daunting but, with support and direction, it is possible to improve your life. This is even true for people who are suffering from more debilitating problems such as Bipolar Disorder, OCD,or Schizoaffective Disorders.
(415) 800-3916 View (415) 800-3916
Photo of Catherine Singstad, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Catherine Singstad, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Most of my clients come in struggling with their closest relationships - with their partners, parents, kids, colleagues and/or friends. There is often a deep longing for more joy, authenticity, and freedom from painful symptoms like anxiety and depression. I help clients learn to understand and thoughtfully navigate their emotional world, as we work to unpack and rewire recurring symptoms and habits. Issues I commonly work with include unhealthy relationships, work/life balance, healing unresolved childhood wounds, couples issues, anxiety, depression, parenthood, trauma, low self-esteem, addiction, infertility, loss, and grief.
Most of my clients come in struggling with their closest relationships - with their partners, parents, kids, colleagues and/or friends. There is often a deep longing for more joy, authenticity, and freedom from painful symptoms like anxiety and depression. I help clients learn to understand and thoughtfully navigate their emotional world, as we work to unpack and rewire recurring symptoms and habits. Issues I commonly work with include unhealthy relationships, work/life balance, healing unresolved childhood wounds, couples issues, anxiety, depression, parenthood, trauma, low self-esteem, addiction, infertility, loss, and grief.
(415) 906-4220 View (415) 906-4220
Photo of Therese Yrani, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Therese Yrani
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, #110224
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Not accepting new clients
My role as a therapist is to help you reach your potential. I work with individuals and couples who want to feel more connected and fulfilled in their relationships. Often what holds people and relationships back is a pattern of unhelpful thoughts, behaviors and interactions. Identifying these patterns and developing strategies to overcome them can empower you to get unstuck and move toward your goals. I support couples to gain the insight and skills to overcome conflict, improve communication and find connection. I help individuals grow in awareness, heal from the past and conquer the barriers keeping them from the life they want.
My role as a therapist is to help you reach your potential. I work with individuals and couples who want to feel more connected and fulfilled in their relationships. Often what holds people and relationships back is a pattern of unhelpful thoughts, behaviors and interactions. Identifying these patterns and developing strategies to overcome them can empower you to get unstuck and move toward your goals. I support couples to gain the insight and skills to overcome conflict, improve communication and find connection. I help individuals grow in awareness, heal from the past and conquer the barriers keeping them from the life they want.
(650) 761-2768 View (650) 761-2768
Photo of Beth Jaeger-Skigen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Beth Jaeger-Skigen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
Welcome. Searching for a therapist is a brave first step on the path to healing. If you find yourself not getting what you want out of work, relationships, and personal growth, therapy with me is an effective route to get what you want out of life. I am committed to helping people find more productive ways of overcoming obstacles and self-destructive patterns that interfere with living more satisfying lives. In addition to listening, I am interactive. Clients find me to be warm, empathic and easily approachable. I create a safe environment for my individuals clients, couples and groups.
Welcome. Searching for a therapist is a brave first step on the path to healing. If you find yourself not getting what you want out of work, relationships, and personal growth, therapy with me is an effective route to get what you want out of life. I am committed to helping people find more productive ways of overcoming obstacles and self-destructive patterns that interfere with living more satisfying lives. In addition to listening, I am interactive. Clients find me to be warm, empathic and easily approachable. I create a safe environment for my individuals clients, couples and groups.
(415) 320-7239 View (415) 320-7239
Photo of Christi Gallon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Christi Gallon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Are you hindered by anxiety, depression, or trauma, preventing you from expressing your authentic self? Do you find yourself trapped in navigating challenging family and relationship situations? Every minor issue now feels incredibly overwhelming, reopening past wounds and creating new ones. Despite attempting to bury the pain, it persists, leaving you feeling isolated and tormented. The constant exhaustion, stress, and anger make you question your resilience. Unsure of where to seek assistance, you don't have to endure this painful journey by yourself. I aim to assist you in achieving a more integrated and balanced sense of self.
Are you hindered by anxiety, depression, or trauma, preventing you from expressing your authentic self? Do you find yourself trapped in navigating challenging family and relationship situations? Every minor issue now feels incredibly overwhelming, reopening past wounds and creating new ones. Despite attempting to bury the pain, it persists, leaving you feeling isolated and tormented. The constant exhaustion, stress, and anger make you question your resilience. Unsure of where to seek assistance, you don't have to endure this painful journey by yourself. I aim to assist you in achieving a more integrated and balanced sense of self.
(415) 818-9787 View (415) 818-9787
Photo of Stephen Gundlach, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Stephen Gundlach
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Thank you for taking this important step on your journey of healing and well being. My name is Stephen Gundlach. I am a psychotherapist working with individuals, couples, and teens. I see therapy as a process in which the therapist walks alongside you as a mirror and a guide to your own unfolding understanding of yourself and your unique story. In this process inner strengths and resiliencies are identified, habitual patterns that are no longer helping come to light, and desired growth and change become possible.
Thank you for taking this important step on your journey of healing and well being. My name is Stephen Gundlach. I am a psychotherapist working with individuals, couples, and teens. I see therapy as a process in which the therapist walks alongside you as a mirror and a guide to your own unfolding understanding of yourself and your unique story. In this process inner strengths and resiliencies are identified, habitual patterns that are no longer helping come to light, and desired growth and change become possible.
(415) 915-7224 View (415) 915-7224
Photo of Pauline Wakeham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Pauline Wakeham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94127
Are you having trouble getting over a past shock or trauma? Are you frequently in overwhelm/collapse? Are you constantly bracing against danger, ready to fight or run away? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I can help. I specialize in working with people who have experienced being overwhelmed by events and experiences that have shaken their very foundations. I take time to assess your personal stress/trauma history and provide guidance and support to assist you in your recovery. I also help couples create sustained improvement in their relationship, creating more effective communication and fulfilling relationships.
Are you having trouble getting over a past shock or trauma? Are you frequently in overwhelm/collapse? Are you constantly bracing against danger, ready to fight or run away? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I can help. I specialize in working with people who have experienced being overwhelmed by events and experiences that have shaken their very foundations. I take time to assess your personal stress/trauma history and provide guidance and support to assist you in your recovery. I also help couples create sustained improvement in their relationship, creating more effective communication and fulfilling relationships.
(510) 377-1082 View (510) 377-1082

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.