Therapists in Wheat Ridge, CO

Photo of Aurianna Sorila, LPCC
Aurianna Sorila
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, LPCC
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Hello and welcome! The human journey is inevitably messy at times. Despite the chaotic and confusing, there is always beauty to be discovered. I believe every individual is deserving of connection, compassion, healing, and growth—even you! Often, shame can stand in the way, leaving us feeling stuck or unworthy. My approach to therapy is grounded in the belief that creating a safe space for authenticity and collaboration will help us explore your unique path to healing and help you confront shame, accessing the inner resources already waiting within.
Hello and welcome! The human journey is inevitably messy at times. Despite the chaotic and confusing, there is always beauty to be discovered. I believe every individual is deserving of connection, compassion, healing, and growth—even you! Often, shame can stand in the way, leaving us feeling stuck or unworthy. My approach to therapy is grounded in the belief that creating a safe space for authenticity and collaboration will help us explore your unique path to healing and help you confront shame, accessing the inner resources already waiting within.
(720) 738-7075 View (720) 738-7075
Photo of Spenser Williams, MA, LPCC
Spenser Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
I specialize in working with teenagers and kids who are having issues in their lives. Acting out, anger, depression, anxiety, these are all obstacles that can be overcome with care, support, and the help of a professional.
I specialize in working with teenagers and kids who are having issues in their lives. Acting out, anger, depression, anxiety, these are all obstacles that can be overcome with care, support, and the help of a professional.
(720) 730-6938 View (720) 730-6938
Photo of Heather H Nations, PsyD, Psychologist
Heather H Nations
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
My practice is focused on helping individuals struggling with eating disorders, depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief and infertility issues. I was trained from a psychodynamic perspective, which I integrate with other techniques and orientations and consider myself very relational in my approach. In other words, I view current problems as having roots in past events and patterns, but believe change is achieved through collaboration and active participation in the present moment.
My practice is focused on helping individuals struggling with eating disorders, depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief and infertility issues. I was trained from a psychodynamic perspective, which I integrate with other techniques and orientations and consider myself very relational in my approach. In other words, I view current problems as having roots in past events and patterns, but believe change is achieved through collaboration and active participation in the present moment.
(720) 336-4210 View (720) 336-4210
Photo of Duane A Boyd, MFTC
Duane A Boyd
Marriage and Family Therapist Candidate, MFTC
Verified Verified
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Duane counsels people of all ages utilizing a variety of evidence-based techniques. His passion is helping people be the best version of themselves. He does this by accepting clients for who they are and ensuring they maintain their autonomy. He is interested in helping people develop self-esteem, confidence, and satisfaction in their lives. In addition, he is skilled at drawing on each person’s resourcefulness. He helps clients connect with their loved ones and unite together to solve problems. With couples and families, Duane identifies core strengths in the relationship(s) and brings clarity to ineffective communication patterns
Duane counsels people of all ages utilizing a variety of evidence-based techniques. His passion is helping people be the best version of themselves. He does this by accepting clients for who they are and ensuring they maintain their autonomy. He is interested in helping people develop self-esteem, confidence, and satisfaction in their lives. In addition, he is skilled at drawing on each person’s resourcefulness. He helps clients connect with their loved ones and unite together to solve problems. With couples and families, Duane identifies core strengths in the relationship(s) and brings clarity to ineffective communication patterns
(720) 741-7791 View (720) 741-7791
Photo of Savannah Rackley, LPCC, MFTC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Savannah Rackley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, MFTC
Verified Verified
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Savannah grew up in small town Arkansas where she developed a deep love for family, community, creativity, and learning. She loves reading epic fantasy novels, going to new restaurants, traveling the world, and being quick to laugh. Savannah went on to get her B.A. in Psychology and Leadership, and continued in her pursuit of helping others into getting her Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy.
Savannah grew up in small town Arkansas where she developed a deep love for family, community, creativity, and learning. She loves reading epic fantasy novels, going to new restaurants, traveling the world, and being quick to laugh. Savannah went on to get her B.A. in Psychology and Leadership, and continued in her pursuit of helping others into getting her Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy.
(720) 477-6847 View (720) 477-6847
Photo of Rebecca Rottinger, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Rottinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
You'll experience a caring presence when you meet with Rebecca. You'll be welcomed into a comfortable therapeutic space infused with compassion and a bit of humor. You'll be supported in feeling more in control of your life. Working in partnership with Rebecca, her clients can learn to manage anxiety and depression, address safety concerns, explore who they are, and work through trauma. Rebecca utilizes active listening and subscribes to CBT, EFT, and person-centered counseling. She often uses multiple tools and techniques to best match to each client.
You'll experience a caring presence when you meet with Rebecca. You'll be welcomed into a comfortable therapeutic space infused with compassion and a bit of humor. You'll be supported in feeling more in control of your life. Working in partnership with Rebecca, her clients can learn to manage anxiety and depression, address safety concerns, explore who they are, and work through trauma. Rebecca utilizes active listening and subscribes to CBT, EFT, and person-centered counseling. She often uses multiple tools and techniques to best match to each client.
(720) 893-8381 View (720) 893-8381
Photo of Beverley Ewers, MA, LPC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Beverley Ewers
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Life and relationships can be challenging and reaching out for help is a sign of courage and strength. If you are struggling with relationship issues, navigating life transitions, experiencing grief and loss, or desire greater personal and interpersonal growth, I believe I can help you improve these areas of your life. I strive to create an atmosphere of warmth, safety and trust to explore your most difficult and sensitive concerns with compassion and without judgment. My goal is to help you grow, heal, and achieve your therapeutic, relationship and life goals.
Life and relationships can be challenging and reaching out for help is a sign of courage and strength. If you are struggling with relationship issues, navigating life transitions, experiencing grief and loss, or desire greater personal and interpersonal growth, I believe I can help you improve these areas of your life. I strive to create an atmosphere of warmth, safety and trust to explore your most difficult and sensitive concerns with compassion and without judgment. My goal is to help you grow, heal, and achieve your therapeutic, relationship and life goals.
(720) 239-1664 View (720) 239-1664
Photo of Amber Baack, LCSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amber Baack
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Do you feel worried or discouraged, overwhelmed or numb? Do you feel anxious to be yourself or to navigate events happening in the world? Are you struggling to keep motivated or to navigate relationships, transitions, or stressors in life? I want you to know that you are not alone in how you are feeling and that I genuinely believe you can find healing and connection through engaging in therapy. I specialize in supporting adults, women, college, and graduate students navigating transitions or loss in life, self-esteem, anxiety, and/or depression. My work is grounded in nature-based, experiential, and somatic approaches.
Do you feel worried or discouraged, overwhelmed or numb? Do you feel anxious to be yourself or to navigate events happening in the world? Are you struggling to keep motivated or to navigate relationships, transitions, or stressors in life? I want you to know that you are not alone in how you are feeling and that I genuinely believe you can find healing and connection through engaging in therapy. I specialize in supporting adults, women, college, and graduate students navigating transitions or loss in life, self-esteem, anxiety, and/or depression. My work is grounded in nature-based, experiential, and somatic approaches.
(720) 619-6396 View (720) 619-6396
Photo of Leslie Jordan, LPC, CACIII, Licensed Professional Counselor
Leslie Jordan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CACIII
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
After 18 years in practice, I know that you likely have been dealing with your concerns for some time. I offer a safe, supportive, and compassionate space for you to gain insight and understanding, and to find healing and resolution. My style is relaxed, conversational, nonjudgmental, and patient. I will listen as you put words to your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. I will believe in you and the emotional work you are brave enough to take on, knowing that you are exactly where you need to be and are moving in the direction intended for you.
After 18 years in practice, I know that you likely have been dealing with your concerns for some time. I offer a safe, supportive, and compassionate space for you to gain insight and understanding, and to find healing and resolution. My style is relaxed, conversational, nonjudgmental, and patient. I will listen as you put words to your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. I will believe in you and the emotional work you are brave enough to take on, knowing that you are exactly where you need to be and are moving in the direction intended for you.
(303) 569-4660 View (303) 569-4660
Photo of Chris J Howard, LPCC, MA, NCC
Chris J Howard
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, LPCC, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Are you ready to move past trauma, mood disorders, or relationship/attachment issues? Struggling with low self-esteem or a lack of identity? Perhaps you keep feeling stuck, like you're just going through the motions? Regardless the issue, you don't want to stay in therapy forever, and my goal is to help you get to the point where you no longer need my help. I work with individuals and couples, helping them tackle challenges with greater compassion and curiosity. Using evidence-backed therapeutic approaches, we'll utilize techniques you can practice outside of sessions, emphasizing attainable goals and long-term integration.
Are you ready to move past trauma, mood disorders, or relationship/attachment issues? Struggling with low self-esteem or a lack of identity? Perhaps you keep feeling stuck, like you're just going through the motions? Regardless the issue, you don't want to stay in therapy forever, and my goal is to help you get to the point where you no longer need my help. I work with individuals and couples, helping them tackle challenges with greater compassion and curiosity. Using evidence-backed therapeutic approaches, we'll utilize techniques you can practice outside of sessions, emphasizing attainable goals and long-term integration.
(720) 674-7394 View (720) 674-7394
Photo of Jane Landis, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jane Landis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Hello! Are you or your child struggling to experience happiness and contentment in your life and relationships? Do you long for deeper and more meaningful relationships, less disconnection, and more joy? Do you struggle with a history of trauma that leads to feeling dysregulated and disconnected from self and others? Common issues include anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and parenting struggles. If you are navigating these issues you are not alone. In my work we will deepen your insight and awareness, build skills for showing up for yourself or your child, and move forward with the ability to lead a more fulfilled life.
Hello! Are you or your child struggling to experience happiness and contentment in your life and relationships? Do you long for deeper and more meaningful relationships, less disconnection, and more joy? Do you struggle with a history of trauma that leads to feeling dysregulated and disconnected from self and others? Common issues include anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and parenting struggles. If you are navigating these issues you are not alone. In my work we will deepen your insight and awareness, build skills for showing up for yourself or your child, and move forward with the ability to lead a more fulfilled life.
(720) 664-2769 View (720) 664-2769
Photo of Hannah Larson - Heart-Filled Couples Counseling: Hannah Larson, LPC , CCMHC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heart-Filled Couples Counseling: Hannah Larson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , CCMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing relationship difficulties? Would you like to strengthen your relationship with your partner? I am here to help you and your partner have the relationship you dream about. Together, we will work together to heal past hurts and wounds. I work with individuals and couples to transform your current relationship into the relationship you both desire. I do this by being a neutral third party to help you and your partner uncover habits and patterns that may negatively impact your relationship. We will also work together to notice the strengths you each bring to the relationship and build upon what is working well.
Are you experiencing relationship difficulties? Would you like to strengthen your relationship with your partner? I am here to help you and your partner have the relationship you dream about. Together, we will work together to heal past hurts and wounds. I work with individuals and couples to transform your current relationship into the relationship you both desire. I do this by being a neutral third party to help you and your partner uncover habits and patterns that may negatively impact your relationship. We will also work together to notice the strengths you each bring to the relationship and build upon what is working well.
(720) 730-6755 View (720) 730-6755
Photo of Zachary Nathaniel Gart, LPCC, Counselor
Zachary Nathaniel Gart
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
My approach in therapy is warm, honest, and direct. I don’t believe in staying in therapy forever and we will focus each session on moving towards what you most want. I believe in getting to the healing, finding the way through and living life how you most want to. I will help you listen deeply and accurately to yourself and make the choices that are truest for you. I support clients with all types of issues and specialize in individual trauma resolution (PTSD and C-PTSD), attachment healing and relationships, life transitions, grief/loss, anxiety/depression. I work with individual and couples.
My approach in therapy is warm, honest, and direct. I don’t believe in staying in therapy forever and we will focus each session on moving towards what you most want. I believe in getting to the healing, finding the way through and living life how you most want to. I will help you listen deeply and accurately to yourself and make the choices that are truest for you. I support clients with all types of issues and specialize in individual trauma resolution (PTSD and C-PTSD), attachment healing and relationships, life transitions, grief/loss, anxiety/depression. I work with individual and couples.
(720) 797-8678 View (720) 797-8678
Photo of Andrea Ware-Medina, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrea Ware-Medina
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Not accepting new clients
You want to live a full, vital, creative life, but something is in the way. Maybe you feel anxious or down, or you find yourself in the same relational patterns again and again, or you feel tangled up in your relationship with food and your body. You may not be sure how to get there, but you hope for change within yourself that is meaningful, and lasts - something more than a "band-aid" approach. My hope, and my approach to therapy, is to collaborate with you to understand why you are hurting the way you are, and to find where stuck points or unconscious patterns get in the way of your ability to play, love, work, and find meaning.
You want to live a full, vital, creative life, but something is in the way. Maybe you feel anxious or down, or you find yourself in the same relational patterns again and again, or you feel tangled up in your relationship with food and your body. You may not be sure how to get there, but you hope for change within yourself that is meaningful, and lasts - something more than a "band-aid" approach. My hope, and my approach to therapy, is to collaborate with you to understand why you are hurting the way you are, and to find where stuck points or unconscious patterns get in the way of your ability to play, love, work, and find meaning.
(720) 669-7278 View (720) 669-7278
Photo of Launa LaPorta, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Launa LaPorta
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Launa LaPorta, LPC, is an individual psychotherapist, who has been practicing since 2016. She graduated from The University of Denver, Denver CO, with a MA in Clinical Counseling Psychology. Launa believes in providing client centered, trauma informed, and psychodynamic therapy with a strong utilization of clinical interventions based on client's desired areas of growth and needs.
Launa LaPorta, LPC, is an individual psychotherapist, who has been practicing since 2016. She graduated from The University of Denver, Denver CO, with a MA in Clinical Counseling Psychology. Launa believes in providing client centered, trauma informed, and psychodynamic therapy with a strong utilization of clinical interventions based on client's desired areas of growth and needs.
(720) 802-3842 View (720) 802-3842
Colorado Counseling & Wellness Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Whether your goals include overcoming and managing anxiety and depression etc., or you want to do some wellness work focusing on confidence, self-esteem, communication etc. we are here to be your partner in this journey.
Whether your goals include overcoming and managing anxiety and depression etc., or you want to do some wellness work focusing on confidence, self-esteem, communication etc. we are here to be your partner in this journey.
(720) 650-2276 View (720) 650-2276
Photo of Kristina W Lujan - Wolfe Counseling, MA, LMFT, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Wolfe Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Yes, we have openings! We specialize in relationships & couples therapy and offer a 75% Off First Session to determine therapist fit. We also understand that searching through profiles to find the right fit is very difficult and overwhelming. If we are not a good fit for your needs, we are well connected in the community and happy to provide a referral.
Yes, we have openings! We specialize in relationships & couples therapy and offer a 75% Off First Session to determine therapist fit. We also understand that searching through profiles to find the right fit is very difficult and overwhelming. If we are not a good fit for your needs, we are well connected in the community and happy to provide a referral.
(303) 900-7457 View (303) 900-7457
Photo of Dennis Guyvan, MA, LPCC
Dennis Guyvan
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Welcome! I assume you are going through some challenges right now and since you are here, a part of you believes that there is a way to turn things around. I’m here to help you! Whether you’re dealing with depression, anxiety, social anxiety, trauma, or self-esteem challenges, I am here to guide you every step of the way, help you figure out what exactly is causing the internal distress as well as find a way to manage and resolve that distress!
Welcome! I assume you are going through some challenges right now and since you are here, a part of you believes that there is a way to turn things around. I’m here to help you! Whether you’re dealing with depression, anxiety, social anxiety, trauma, or self-esteem challenges, I am here to guide you every step of the way, help you figure out what exactly is causing the internal distress as well as find a way to manage and resolve that distress!
(720) 615-7624 View (720) 615-7624
Photo of Bridget M Blasius, MA, LPC, SEP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bridget M Blasius
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, SEP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
You are your own unique person. You know how think for yourself, and you're looking for a therapist who can be real with you. I offer warmth, honesty and authentic human connection. I also offer methods of therapy that start to work quickly...no need to wait months to notice a difference. You deserve to have a rich, fulfilling, meaningful life, and I believe you can achieve it. You are stronger than you can possibly imagine. I'd love to work with you on achieving you goals for health and well-being.
You are your own unique person. You know how think for yourself, and you're looking for a therapist who can be real with you. I offer warmth, honesty and authentic human connection. I also offer methods of therapy that start to work quickly...no need to wait months to notice a difference. You deserve to have a rich, fulfilling, meaningful life, and I believe you can achieve it. You are stronger than you can possibly imagine. I'd love to work with you on achieving you goals for health and well-being.
(720) 463-1749 View (720) 463-1749
Photo of Ruby Linkhart, SWC, LAC
Ruby Linkhart
SWC, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Trauma, grief, stress, and life transitions significantly impact our lives and functioning. If unaddressed, these challenges can feel unmanageable. They can cause you to feel hopeless, misunderstood, ashamed, and isolated. They can cause you to feel trapped in patterns of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, patterns you adapted to cope and survive, but which may no longer serve you. I believe all humans have an immense capacity to heal and grow. I also know that sometimes we get stuck and can benefit from some extra support. If you are feeling stuck, I am here to support you with finding your way out.
Trauma, grief, stress, and life transitions significantly impact our lives and functioning. If unaddressed, these challenges can feel unmanageable. They can cause you to feel hopeless, misunderstood, ashamed, and isolated. They can cause you to feel trapped in patterns of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, patterns you adapted to cope and survive, but which may no longer serve you. I believe all humans have an immense capacity to heal and grow. I also know that sometimes we get stuck and can benefit from some extra support. If you are feeling stuck, I am here to support you with finding your way out.
(720) 802-2461 View (720) 802-2461
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Wheat Ridge, CO

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Wheat Ridge, CO who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
71% Stress
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
66% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Wheat Ridge, CO see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Wheat Ridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.