Photo of Samantha Contreras, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samantha Contreras
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
Facing difficult emotional and interpersonal challenges in our lives can be frightening but can also be a time for growth and healing. Talking with someone who listens without judgment, understands your concerns, and helps you clarify issues can be invaluable. I am a culturally competent therapist with experience working with various populations including, the LGBTQ community, adolescents, adults, couples, veterans, and those suffering from chronic illness. My therapeutic approach is solution-focused and strength-based, faith/spirituality can be incorporated into treatment as well.
Facing difficult emotional and interpersonal challenges in our lives can be frightening but can also be a time for growth and healing. Talking with someone who listens without judgment, understands your concerns, and helps you clarify issues can be invaluable. I am a culturally competent therapist with experience working with various populations including, the LGBTQ community, adolescents, adults, couples, veterans, and those suffering from chronic illness. My therapeutic approach is solution-focused and strength-based, faith/spirituality can be incorporated into treatment as well.
(520) 597-8699 View (520) 597-8699
Photo of undefined - Nicoline Mayger Counseling LLC, LPC, NCC, BC-DMT, Counselor
Nicoline Mayger Counseling LLC
Counselor, LPC, NCC, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85718  (Online Only)
My extensive experience includes adults, families and children in outpatient and inpatient settings in various states. I focus on women's therapy in private practice, and I am passionate about increasing their confidence, emotional strength, successful coping strategies, and empowerment. Clients find solutions never thought possible. I am also certified in EMDR, and the technology I use is highly effective for telehealth sessions.
My extensive experience includes adults, families and children in outpatient and inpatient settings in various states. I focus on women's therapy in private practice, and I am passionate about increasing their confidence, emotional strength, successful coping strategies, and empowerment. Clients find solutions never thought possible. I am also certified in EMDR, and the technology I use is highly effective for telehealth sessions.
(520) 369-4436 View (520) 369-4436
Photo of Debra Marshall, MA, LMFT, LAMFT, CCTP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Debra Marshall
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LAMFT, CCTP
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704  (Online Only)
A Narrative/Collaborative/strength-based approach is also used to understand your unique story, needs, goals, and identify individual strengths and resources.
I specialize in families/couples, and I am an Idaho licensed LMFT and Arizona licensed LAMFT. Often clients seek therapy because they have become stuck. Sometimes relationships begin great, but life/situations cause a change to happen. We all have personal challenges, have stressful periods, or go through traumatic times. The desire to seek help to explore and process these problems can open the door to positive growth. I believe in the healing power of relationships: no matter the wounds, if all parties are willing to heal, I will help.
A Narrative/Collaborative/strength-based approach is also used to understand your unique story, needs, goals, and identify individual strengths and resources.
I specialize in families/couples, and I am an Idaho licensed LMFT and Arizona licensed LAMFT. Often clients seek therapy because they have become stuck. Sometimes relationships begin great, but life/situations cause a change to happen. We all have personal challenges, have stressful periods, or go through traumatic times. The desire to seek help to explore and process these problems can open the door to positive growth. I believe in the healing power of relationships: no matter the wounds, if all parties are willing to heal, I will help.
(520) 231-8485 View (520) 231-8485
Photo of Rhonda L. Smith, PhD, NCSP, Psychologist
Rhonda L. Smith
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85732  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I use a strength-based and acceptance approach, and I genuinely believe in a person’s ability to learn the skills and strategies needed to make positive change and growth in whatever areas a person would like. I provide therapy for adults, adolescents, children, and families experiencing challenges related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, learning difficulties, or other issues impacting them.
I use a strength-based and acceptance approach, and I genuinely believe in a person’s ability to learn the skills and strategies needed to make positive change and growth in whatever areas a person would like. I provide therapy for adults, adolescents, children, and families experiencing challenges related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, learning difficulties, or other issues impacting them.
(520) 331-1526 View (520) 331-1526
Photo of Josephine Kasper, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Josephine Kasper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
I take a humanistic, strength-based, insight oriented approach.
I have always been fascinated by what it means to be human: the choices we make, the stories we live with, and the beliefs, values and morals we choose to live by. Evaluating or becoming reacquainted with these parts of our human experience are all reasons that we find ourselves in need of a listening ear. I believe that past trauma, depression, anxiety, relational difficulties, loss, chronic pain, and spiritual disconnection all conceal our innermost capabilities for living a healthy, happy, whole life. I am passionate about helping people create strong and meaningful relationships with those they love. No relationship is too bad.
I take a humanistic, strength-based, insight oriented approach.
I have always been fascinated by what it means to be human: the choices we make, the stories we live with, and the beliefs, values and morals we choose to live by. Evaluating or becoming reacquainted with these parts of our human experience are all reasons that we find ourselves in need of a listening ear. I believe that past trauma, depression, anxiety, relational difficulties, loss, chronic pain, and spiritual disconnection all conceal our innermost capabilities for living a healthy, happy, whole life. I am passionate about helping people create strong and meaningful relationships with those they love. No relationship is too bad.
(520) 639-9530 View (520) 639-9530
Photo of Grazi Martins, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Grazi Martins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
  I utilize a client-centered, strength-based approach with talk therapy, and directive behavioral techniques as interventions.
I am an outgoing, thoughtful, and compassionate therapist who believes in developing therapy goals together. I approach each clinical situation, therapeutic challenge, and client with positivity, respect, and exuberance. I work best with adolescents and young adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mood disturbances. I hope to help my clients meet their identified goals. Please visit my website at thrivetherapyaz.com to request a free 15-minute consultation.
  I utilize a client-centered, strength-based approach with talk therapy, and directive behavioral techniques as interventions.
I am an outgoing, thoughtful, and compassionate therapist who believes in developing therapy goals together. I approach each clinical situation, therapeutic challenge, and client with positivity, respect, and exuberance. I work best with adolescents and young adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mood disturbances. I hope to help my clients meet their identified goals. Please visit my website at thrivetherapyaz.com to request a free 15-minute consultation.
(520) 783-7254 View (520) 783-7254
Photo of Marina J Palmer, LPC, NCC, BCC, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marina J Palmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, BCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85747
My focus is strength-based.
Life has many ups and downs. Some are more challenging than others. Learning new coping skills to manage challenging emotions, developing resilience, and building on strengths can make a difference in how we cope with life transitions and promote self-discovery. I would like to support you in your healing journey while emphasizing growth and helping you reach your desired goals.
My focus is strength-based.
Life has many ups and downs. Some are more challenging than others. Learning new coping skills to manage challenging emotions, developing resilience, and building on strengths can make a difference in how we cope with life transitions and promote self-discovery. I would like to support you in your healing journey while emphasizing growth and helping you reach your desired goals.
(520) 216-7102 View (520) 216-7102
Photo of Tabitha Intschert, MSW, LCSW, PYT, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tabitha Intschert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, PYT, PLLC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
Would you like to... Feel more centered? Sleep better? Make decisions more easily? Create a more fulfilling relationship with yourself and others? I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Professional Yoga Therapist. I am a holistic psychotherapist here to help you find contentment in painful moments and heal emotional wounds keeping you from living joyfully. Together, we will utilize mindfulness practices to focus on internal thoughts, feelings, and experiences. This will allow you to better manage your feelings, make better choices, think fewer negative thoughts, communicate more easily, and react to stress more mindfully.
Would you like to... Feel more centered? Sleep better? Make decisions more easily? Create a more fulfilling relationship with yourself and others? I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Professional Yoga Therapist. I am a holistic psychotherapist here to help you find contentment in painful moments and heal emotional wounds keeping you from living joyfully. Together, we will utilize mindfulness practices to focus on internal thoughts, feelings, and experiences. This will allow you to better manage your feelings, make better choices, think fewer negative thoughts, communicate more easily, and react to stress more mindfully.
(520) 775-3970 View (520) 775-3970
Photo of Ellie Favara @ Entune Behavioral Health, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ellie Favara @ Entune Behavioral Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
With warmth and compassion, I help clients find manageable solutions using CBT, SFBT, and strength-based therapy.
My ideal client is an aging adult facing the emotional weight of a complex medical condition. They seek understanding and support in navigating their feelings of anxiety, depression, and caregiver stress. They yearn to reclaim a sense of control over their lives and find hope amidst challenges. Their goal is to cultivate resilience, manage their emotions effectively, and discover renewed purpose and joy in everyday life. They seek a compassionate ally like me to help them explore their strengths and create personalized solutions for their well-being.
With warmth and compassion, I help clients find manageable solutions using CBT, SFBT, and strength-based therapy.
My ideal client is an aging adult facing the emotional weight of a complex medical condition. They seek understanding and support in navigating their feelings of anxiety, depression, and caregiver stress. They yearn to reclaim a sense of control over their lives and find hope amidst challenges. Their goal is to cultivate resilience, manage their emotions effectively, and discover renewed purpose and joy in everyday life. They seek a compassionate ally like me to help them explore their strengths and create personalized solutions for their well-being.
(520) 619-7233 View (520) 619-7233
Photo of Cara Lillian Love, MS, LASAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Cara Lillian Love
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LASAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
Life can be challenging. My goal as a therapist is to meet my clients where they are and provide a safe space to navigate through their issues together. I specialize in treating substance use and abuse, which in turn leads to the treatment of underlying issues such as trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and low-self esteem. By utilizing an individualistic, strength based approach, I help my clients to find positive ways to cope with the challenges of everyday life in ways that work for them. I am empathetic and kind. I bring my clients into a space where they will not be judged or criticized.
Life can be challenging. My goal as a therapist is to meet my clients where they are and provide a safe space to navigate through their issues together. I specialize in treating substance use and abuse, which in turn leads to the treatment of underlying issues such as trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and low-self esteem. By utilizing an individualistic, strength based approach, I help my clients to find positive ways to cope with the challenges of everyday life in ways that work for them. I am empathetic and kind. I bring my clients into a space where they will not be judged or criticized.
(520) 346-7672 View (520) 346-7672
Photo of Karla Montijo, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karla Montijo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85712
My passion is supporting people in making sense of their circumstances and finding solutions to move forward on their path, in writing the rest of their story. I work with 5 to 10 year olds and young adults, 18 and over. Modalities I use are Trauma Informed strength based, CBT, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, DBT, Attachment Based, Narrative, and Humanistic. I am bilingual and bicultural. I have immediate openings.
My passion is supporting people in making sense of their circumstances and finding solutions to move forward on their path, in writing the rest of their story. I work with 5 to 10 year olds and young adults, 18 and over. Modalities I use are Trauma Informed strength based, CBT, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, DBT, Attachment Based, Narrative, and Humanistic. I am bilingual and bicultural. I have immediate openings.
(520) 727-3183 View (520) 727-3183
Photo of Julia Peddy, MA, LPC, CRC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julia Peddy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CRC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
Hello! I know finding a therapist can feel daunting and the first steps are often the most difficult. I am so glad you are here and hope I can help you feel more at ease as you venture into therapy. I am honored to have the opportunity to provide therapy services to you or your child and believe I can give you the support to experience optimum health and healing. I work with children, teenagers, and adults from all backgrounds who experience depression, anxiety, grief, difficulty with emotion regulation, interpersonal challenges, trauma and I am passionate about providing services during the pregnancy and postpartum period.
Hello! I know finding a therapist can feel daunting and the first steps are often the most difficult. I am so glad you are here and hope I can help you feel more at ease as you venture into therapy. I am honored to have the opportunity to provide therapy services to you or your child and believe I can give you the support to experience optimum health and healing. I work with children, teenagers, and adults from all backgrounds who experience depression, anxiety, grief, difficulty with emotion regulation, interpersonal challenges, trauma and I am passionate about providing services during the pregnancy and postpartum period.
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Photo of Rachel Hopkins, LPC, LISAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Hopkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LISAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716  (Online Only)
I have been in the health/wellness field for 20+ years using strength based/holistic recovery approaches. Integrated/experiential therapy helps you re-claim your authentic spontaneous self, creating the life you wish to live. Addressing emotional/relational wounding truly opens the door to a more empowered and fulfilling life. You can increase your self-esteem and confidence, free yourself from depression/anxiety, negative self-talk, substance or process addictions, trauma triggers, and emotional reactivity in relationships. Sometimes therapy addresses current challenges/difficulties, sometimes it's about family of origin issues using inner child work, and/or trauma reduction work.
I have been in the health/wellness field for 20+ years using strength based/holistic recovery approaches. Integrated/experiential therapy helps you re-claim your authentic spontaneous self, creating the life you wish to live. Addressing emotional/relational wounding truly opens the door to a more empowered and fulfilling life. You can increase your self-esteem and confidence, free yourself from depression/anxiety, negative self-talk, substance or process addictions, trauma triggers, and emotional reactivity in relationships. Sometimes therapy addresses current challenges/difficulties, sometimes it's about family of origin issues using inner child work, and/or trauma reduction work.
(520) 441-3728 View (520) 441-3728
Photo of Ana Angulo, LAMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Ana Angulo
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Making the decision to prioritize personal growth through therapy is both courageous and admirable. You may need to step outside of your comfort zone and into the potentially unknown area of change and vulnerability, but luckily, you don’t need to navigate this new territory on your own. My experience includes working with families and individuals from various socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds, who have presented with many different issues. I feel honored to work with clients and have received positive feedback for my ability to maintain an empathetic and strength-based perspective throughout the course of therapy.
Making the decision to prioritize personal growth through therapy is both courageous and admirable. You may need to step outside of your comfort zone and into the potentially unknown area of change and vulnerability, but luckily, you don’t need to navigate this new territory on your own. My experience includes working with families and individuals from various socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds, who have presented with many different issues. I feel honored to work with clients and have received positive feedback for my ability to maintain an empathetic and strength-based perspective throughout the course of therapy.
(520) 492-0802 View (520) 492-0802
Photo of Amy Jones | Arizona Resilient Solutions, MS, LPC-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Jones | Arizona Resilient Solutions
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85707  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is strength-based and trauma-informed.
Telehealth Only & NEW "Pay What You Can" payment model (for qualifying individuals). Are you struggling with negative thoughts and strong emotions? Do you find yourself avoiding situations and or turning to substances longer than planned? Have you noticed relationships drifting away? If any of this resonates with you, I'd like to offer a safe space where you can explore what's been holding you back. I work with Anxiety, Depression, Relationship, Trauma, Sport Performance, Military, Veterans and their Families. Call or email for your Free 15-min complementary consultation.
My approach to therapy is strength-based and trauma-informed.
Telehealth Only & NEW "Pay What You Can" payment model (for qualifying individuals). Are you struggling with negative thoughts and strong emotions? Do you find yourself avoiding situations and or turning to substances longer than planned? Have you noticed relationships drifting away? If any of this resonates with you, I'd like to offer a safe space where you can explore what's been holding you back. I work with Anxiety, Depression, Relationship, Trauma, Sport Performance, Military, Veterans and their Families. Call or email for your Free 15-min complementary consultation.
(520) 651-8911 View (520) 651-8911
Photo of Daed L. Ayala, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daed L. Ayala
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718  (Online Only)
Hello, I am Daed Ayala a bilingual therapist with over a decade long experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families. My practice is rooted in empathy, respect, and a deep commitment to helping clients achieve their goals for emotional well-being and personal growth. My strength-based approach helps build strong therapeutic relationships and long-lasting changes. My approach to therapy is to empower clients to explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in a supportive and nonjudgmental space, facilitating self-discovery and insight.
Hello, I am Daed Ayala a bilingual therapist with over a decade long experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families. My practice is rooted in empathy, respect, and a deep commitment to helping clients achieve their goals for emotional well-being and personal growth. My strength-based approach helps build strong therapeutic relationships and long-lasting changes. My approach to therapy is to empower clients to explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in a supportive and nonjudgmental space, facilitating self-discovery and insight.
(623) 294-2714 View (623) 294-2714
Photo of Jamie Watkins, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jamie Watkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718  (Online Only)
I integrate various theoretical approaches and techniques in my practice, drawing from solution-focused, acceptance and commitment, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, client/person-centered, strength-based, and narrative therapy.
I am a dedicated therapist at Desert Horizons Therapy, specializing in providing support to adults and children facing a range of mental health challenges, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, substance use, intense anger, trauma, and relationship issues.
I integrate various theoretical approaches and techniques in my practice, drawing from solution-focused, acceptance and commitment, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, client/person-centered, strength-based, and narrative therapy.
I am a dedicated therapist at Desert Horizons Therapy, specializing in providing support to adults and children facing a range of mental health challenges, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, substance use, intense anger, trauma, and relationship issues.
(520) 214-6620 View (520) 214-6620
Photo of Ami Owen, PhD, LMFT, CCTP, CCTS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ami Owen
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CCTP, CCTS
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85706
Ami has a passion for working with families and utilizes a strength-based perspective to assist people in reaching their full potential and overcoming trials.
Dr. Ami Owen received her undergraduate degree in Social Science/Psychology. She received her Master’s in Family Therapy with an advanced emphasis on families and trauma. Dr. Owen also received a Doctorate in Counseling and is a Clinically Certified Trauma Professional. She is Licensed in TX, ID, WA, AZ, FL, CA, UT and a nationally approved supervisor through the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists (AAMFT). She takes delight in mentoring therapists on the complexities of family systems and consults with providers across the country to improve systems approaches.
Ami has a passion for working with families and utilizes a strength-based perspective to assist people in reaching their full potential and overcoming trials.
Dr. Ami Owen received her undergraduate degree in Social Science/Psychology. She received her Master’s in Family Therapy with an advanced emphasis on families and trauma. Dr. Owen also received a Doctorate in Counseling and is a Clinically Certified Trauma Professional. She is Licensed in TX, ID, WA, AZ, FL, CA, UT and a nationally approved supervisor through the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists (AAMFT). She takes delight in mentoring therapists on the complexities of family systems and consults with providers across the country to improve systems approaches.
(602) 691-7820 View (602) 691-7820
Photo of Lauren Stewart, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Stewart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85721  (Online Only)
I provide individual therapy & trauma-informed care to adults. I understand how living in an ever-changing world full of demands, responsibilities, & relationships can be tough. I am here to encourage you to embrace life’s changes & overcome obstacles you may face by enhancing the strength that is already inside of you. People seek therapy for a variety of reasons. Whether this is your first- or hundredth time seeking support, or you just need someone to tell your heart’s innermost thoughts to without fear of judgement, I will be there for you for as long as you need me to be. You have a story to tell and I want to hear it.
I provide individual therapy & trauma-informed care to adults. I understand how living in an ever-changing world full of demands, responsibilities, & relationships can be tough. I am here to encourage you to embrace life’s changes & overcome obstacles you may face by enhancing the strength that is already inside of you. People seek therapy for a variety of reasons. Whether this is your first- or hundredth time seeking support, or you just need someone to tell your heart’s innermost thoughts to without fear of judgement, I will be there for you for as long as you need me to be. You have a story to tell and I want to hear it.
(602) 671-2915 View (602) 671-2915
Photo of undefined - Olive Branch Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Olive Branch Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
You may be coming here as an adult looking for support to manage everything going on even though it looks like you have it all together from an outsider’s perspective. People tell you “you’re killing it” but you feel burnt out and lost. Maybe you’re a stressed out parent trying to help your child or teen manage their emotional well being and they will talk to anyone besides you as their parent. Perhaps, you’re at an earlier stage of parenting and are pregnant, in the adoption process or navigating postpartum, needing space to figure out what this new role means. You may have tried therapy before and had difficulty clicking with a therapist or have been looking for weeks, even months, to find someone who’s bio you connect with.
You may be coming here as an adult looking for support to manage everything going on even though it looks like you have it all together from an outsider’s perspective. People tell you “you’re killing it” but you feel burnt out and lost. Maybe you’re a stressed out parent trying to help your child or teen manage their emotional well being and they will talk to anyone besides you as their parent. Perhaps, you’re at an earlier stage of parenting and are pregnant, in the adoption process or navigating postpartum, needing space to figure out what this new role means. You may have tried therapy before and had difficulty clicking with a therapist or have been looking for weeks, even months, to find someone who’s bio you connect with.
(520) 317-7895 View (520) 317-7895

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Strength-Based Therapists

How does strength-based therapy work?

During strength-based therapy sessions, the therapist will ask about an individual’s experiences of stress, pain, or trauma with the goal of orienting the client to view themselves as a survivor rather than a victim, and focusing on their strengths rather than on their weaknesses. In framing a client’s personal narrative along these lines, the therapist and client work together to identify existing skills that can be harnessed.

Is strength-based therapy evidence-based?

Strength-based therapy is an evidence-based treatment that has been studied extensively and shown to be effective across domains. The treatment has been found to be particularly effective in helping individuals who are experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mental health concerns. Strength-based therapy has been used by therapists to help clients for more than 60 years.

How long does strength-based therapy last?

There’s no precise timeline for strength-based therapy. The duration of treatment depends on the individual’s specific needs and goals and the severity of their concerns. Some individuals may find they achieve their therapeutic goals quickly, while others might benefit from ongoing support and guidance in order to continue progressing.

How effective is strength-based therapy?

Clinical research and decades of practice have shown strength-based therapy to be an effective treatment to improve mental health and well-being for many conditions. The treatment can engender a sense of connection and collaboration between the therapist and the individual, fostering a positive therapeutic relationship. For individuals with narcissistic tendencies, strength-based therapy may be less effective, as the focus on the individual’s strengths may undermine the work needed to honestly assess the challenges the individual faces.