Therapists in Bothell, WA

Photo of Paul M. Gebben, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Paul M. Gebben
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bothell, WA 98012
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! Are you in a season of feeling stuck, dissatisfied, or frustrated? Is your most important relationship not what you hoped for? Maybe there are experiences in your past including wounding or abuse that feel like they keep getting in the way? If you are reading this, you may be looking for some relief, healing, or help making changes in how you think about yourself and the ways you relate to others. I help people move past current stress and troubles into new opportunities, and living into the hope for a better future.
Welcome! Are you in a season of feeling stuck, dissatisfied, or frustrated? Is your most important relationship not what you hoped for? Maybe there are experiences in your past including wounding or abuse that feel like they keep getting in the way? If you are reading this, you may be looking for some relief, healing, or help making changes in how you think about yourself and the ways you relate to others. I help people move past current stress and troubles into new opportunities, and living into the hope for a better future.
(360) 516-4516 View (360) 516-4516
Photo of Sophia Lundquist, MSW, LSWAIC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sophia Lundquist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Bothell, WA 98021
Hello! My name is Sophia, thank you for visiting my profile! I applaud you for making this first step in your growth journey. I have a strengths-based, trauma-informed perspective to therapy practice. My experience includes working with people from ages 5-60 years old facing an array of challenges including grief, relationship conflict, and difficulty managing mental health conditions in daily life. These conditions include anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, specific phobia, trauma-related disorders, and other mood disorders.
Hello! My name is Sophia, thank you for visiting my profile! I applaud you for making this first step in your growth journey. I have a strengths-based, trauma-informed perspective to therapy practice. My experience includes working with people from ages 5-60 years old facing an array of challenges including grief, relationship conflict, and difficulty managing mental health conditions in daily life. These conditions include anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, specific phobia, trauma-related disorders, and other mood disorders.
(425) 654-8425 View (425) 654-8425
Photo of Barbara Ann Barnes, MA, RN, LMHC, CHT, Counselor
Barbara Ann Barnes
Counselor, MA, RN, LMHC, CHT
Verified Verified
Bothell, WA 98011
Waitlist for new clients
Hello. If you are looking for a therapist, the most important thing is for you to work with someone who will relate specifically to you and can help you heal. I work with each client as a unique individual with a goal to heal the whole person. Real and lasting change comes not only from an understanding of your issues and concerns, but from creating corrective emotional experiences that allow you to release old and unproductive patterns of thinking and behaving.
Hello. If you are looking for a therapist, the most important thing is for you to work with someone who will relate specifically to you and can help you heal. I work with each client as a unique individual with a goal to heal the whole person. Real and lasting change comes not only from an understanding of your issues and concerns, but from creating corrective emotional experiences that allow you to release old and unproductive patterns of thinking and behaving.
(425) 224-6699 View (425) 224-6699
Photo of Dr. Nancy Crowley, PsyD, LMHC
Dr. Nancy Crowley
Mental Health Counselor, PsyD, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bothell, WA 98021
For clients who are trying to break unhealthy cycles in their lives, I offer a place of safety, a place of acceptance, and a place where you can discover your strengths, embrace your weaknesses, find healing, and learn how to be brave again. You will earn the tools that will help you heal in your daily life. You can learn how to grieve, develop resilience, and begin to build a creative and healthy life.
For clients who are trying to break unhealthy cycles in their lives, I offer a place of safety, a place of acceptance, and a place where you can discover your strengths, embrace your weaknesses, find healing, and learn how to be brave again. You will earn the tools that will help you heal in your daily life. You can learn how to grieve, develop resilience, and begin to build a creative and healthy life.
(425) 491-1076 View (425) 491-1076
Photo of Joanne Blum, MS, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Joanne Blum
Counselor, MS, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Bothell, WA 98012  (Online Only)
Life can be challenging. When we are overwhelmed by life's twists and turns, it takes courage to reach out to a stranger for support. I offer you a safe, non-judgmental space to explore current struggles, express what causes you pain, expand your awareness of internal and external obstacles, and create pathways towards deep and lasting change. My goal as a therapist isn't just about helping you FEEL better; it is about helping you LIVE better.
Life can be challenging. When we are overwhelmed by life's twists and turns, it takes courage to reach out to a stranger for support. I offer you a safe, non-judgmental space to explore current struggles, express what causes you pain, expand your awareness of internal and external obstacles, and create pathways towards deep and lasting change. My goal as a therapist isn't just about helping you FEEL better; it is about helping you LIVE better.
(984) 369-9515 View (984) 369-9515
Photo of Ann Horton, MA, LMHC, CSAT, Counselor
Ann Horton
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CSAT
Verified Verified
Bothell, WA 98021  (Online Only)
Life is unpredictable. As hard as we try to manage our daily lives and our relationships with friends, family, and colleagues, circumstances beyond our control can make us feel lost and isolated, sometimes hopeless. That's why we all occasionally need guidance: to see that there is always hope on the other side of adversity. My name is Ann Horton, and I specialize in therapies that can help you resolve the personal issues that detract from the joy of your day-to-day life, whether they're born of recent misfortune or deeply rooted trauma.
Life is unpredictable. As hard as we try to manage our daily lives and our relationships with friends, family, and colleagues, circumstances beyond our control can make us feel lost and isolated, sometimes hopeless. That's why we all occasionally need guidance: to see that there is always hope on the other side of adversity. My name is Ann Horton, and I specialize in therapies that can help you resolve the personal issues that detract from the joy of your day-to-day life, whether they're born of recent misfortune or deeply rooted trauma.
(206) 922-8570 View (206) 922-8570
Photo of Christine Bowen - Inside Health Institute, Counselor
Inside Health Institute
Counselor
Verified Verified
Bothell, WA 98011
Hi! We are a 501c3 non-profit based out of Bothell, WA that offers integrative mental health services to underserved people. Our mission is to bring quality holistic health solutions to those in the community that have faced the most barriers in accessing them. People deserve mental health care that is equitable. We are dedicated to filling the gap in mental health care across our region. To accomplish this we offer services at whatever price you can afford. Read more on our website!
Hi! We are a 501c3 non-profit based out of Bothell, WA that offers integrative mental health services to underserved people. Our mission is to bring quality holistic health solutions to those in the community that have faced the most barriers in accessing them. People deserve mental health care that is equitable. We are dedicated to filling the gap in mental health care across our region. To accomplish this we offer services at whatever price you can afford. Read more on our website!
(425) 341-1520 View (425) 341-1520
Photo of Jennifer Elf, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Jennifer Elf
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bothell, WA 98011
Not accepting new clients
Applying Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (research-based approach: iceeft.com), I collaborate with all couples (both heterosexual and same sex couples) to reverse negative cycles and find and strengthen your attachment bond. Couples therapy can often help whether you're wanting to start off together on solid footing or have been long caught in conflict or distant, parallel lives, yearning to find a way out of a downward spiral to connection again. In the process of our work, issues such as recent or past affairs, unresolved loss or trauma, medical, emotional or other challenges may come to be met together.
Applying Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (research-based approach: iceeft.com), I collaborate with all couples (both heterosexual and same sex couples) to reverse negative cycles and find and strengthen your attachment bond. Couples therapy can often help whether you're wanting to start off together on solid footing or have been long caught in conflict or distant, parallel lives, yearning to find a way out of a downward spiral to connection again. In the process of our work, issues such as recent or past affairs, unresolved loss or trauma, medical, emotional or other challenges may come to be met together.
(425) 298-5921 View (425) 298-5921
Photo of Maya Sophia Sprague, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Maya Sophia Sprague
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bothell, WA 98011
Not accepting new clients
As a holistic psychotherapist and healer, I have 30 years of experience working with adults who have suffered trauma (acute and chronic), and childhood abuse of all kinds. I work with the full range of dissociative disorders, PTSD and the relationship disturbances that result. As a depth therapist, I also pursue the root cause of the issues causing pain which means we collaborate together to address the client's entire life span and family of origin.
As a holistic psychotherapist and healer, I have 30 years of experience working with adults who have suffered trauma (acute and chronic), and childhood abuse of all kinds. I work with the full range of dissociative disorders, PTSD and the relationship disturbances that result. As a depth therapist, I also pursue the root cause of the issues causing pain which means we collaborate together to address the client's entire life span and family of origin.
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Photo of Caroline Wartman, MA, LMHCA, Counselor
Caroline Wartman
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bothell, WA 98011
An turas is Irish for the journey. It is an honor to join you on your path toward healing and wholeness, integration, and healthy relationships with yourself and others. There are many things that can bring us to counseling - stress and anxiety, life transitions, relational challenges, experiences of trauma or loss, and a desire to live in more authentic and meaningful ways.
An turas is Irish for the journey. It is an honor to join you on your path toward healing and wholeness, integration, and healthy relationships with yourself and others. There are many things that can bring us to counseling - stress and anxiety, life transitions, relational challenges, experiences of trauma or loss, and a desire to live in more authentic and meaningful ways.
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Photo of Brittani Morris - Neupathway (Brittani Morris), LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Neupathway (Brittani Morris)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bothell, WA 98011
Brittani Morris is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with more than 20 years of experience as an educator, published author, mental health therapist and professional coach. Dedicated to working with adults using a person-centered approach, Brittani provides tailored treatment that helps to support specific needs and goals utilizing evidence-based models and culturally sensitive interventions. Within treatment she has had success supporting clients with a range of issues including depression, anxiety, grief, relationship challenges, career difficulties, and stress related disorders.
Brittani Morris is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with more than 20 years of experience as an educator, published author, mental health therapist and professional coach. Dedicated to working with adults using a person-centered approach, Brittani provides tailored treatment that helps to support specific needs and goals utilizing evidence-based models and culturally sensitive interventions. Within treatment she has had success supporting clients with a range of issues including depression, anxiety, grief, relationship challenges, career difficulties, and stress related disorders.
(425) 842-3229 View (425) 842-3229
Photo of John F Koch, PsyD, LMHC, Counselor
John F Koch
Counselor, PsyD, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bothell, WA 98011
"Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom." (Victor Frankel) I am a licensed mental health counselor with his PsyD from Argosy University. My training includes providing co-occurring disorder therapy meaning the simultaneous treatment of addiction and other psychiatric disorder. I treat individuals with and without addictions and specialize in the treatment of adolescents and adults with trauma, depression and anxiety disorders. Currently I am only accepting teletherapy clients.
"Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom." (Victor Frankel) I am a licensed mental health counselor with his PsyD from Argosy University. My training includes providing co-occurring disorder therapy meaning the simultaneous treatment of addiction and other psychiatric disorder. I treat individuals with and without addictions and specialize in the treatment of adolescents and adults with trauma, depression and anxiety disorders. Currently I am only accepting teletherapy clients.
(425) 230-6317 View (425) 230-6317
Photo of Kristin Nielsen, MS, LMFT, CST, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kristin Nielsen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
Bothell, WA 98011  (Online Only)
Every person, couple and family struggles from time to time. Sometimes, it is hard to get through these rough patches alone. Having a compassionate, supportive and inquisitive individual attending to your concerns provides a safe environment to create positive change. As a marriage and family therapist, I am able to partner with you in this therapeutic framework while exploring your interactions with significant others and society at large. If you are seeking help for your partnership, your family or an issue in your life, let's get started today.
Every person, couple and family struggles from time to time. Sometimes, it is hard to get through these rough patches alone. Having a compassionate, supportive and inquisitive individual attending to your concerns provides a safe environment to create positive change. As a marriage and family therapist, I am able to partner with you in this therapeutic framework while exploring your interactions with significant others and society at large. If you are seeking help for your partnership, your family or an issue in your life, let's get started today.
(206) 429-6556 View (206) 429-6556
Photo of Natalie Dreyfoos - Bothell Psychiatric Associates
Bothell Psychiatric Associates
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bothell, WA 98011
At Bothell Psychiatric Associates, we diagnose and manage a wide variety of psychiatric conditions. Our practice focuses on medication management, and our evaluation consists of three one-hour appointments, preferably within a week or two of one another. Our evaluation and treatment are evidence-based and guided by the most up-to-date diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols. If a medication is started or continued at the end of the evaluation, we will recommend follow-up care to monitor for efficacy and side effects. Our office also offers Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Spravato treatments for qualifying patients.
At Bothell Psychiatric Associates, we diagnose and manage a wide variety of psychiatric conditions. Our practice focuses on medication management, and our evaluation consists of three one-hour appointments, preferably within a week or two of one another. Our evaluation and treatment are evidence-based and guided by the most up-to-date diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols. If a medication is started or continued at the end of the evaluation, we will recommend follow-up care to monitor for efficacy and side effects. Our office also offers Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Spravato treatments for qualifying patients.
(425) 949-0204 View (425) 949-0204
Photo of Robert Diaz, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Robert Diaz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Bothell, WA 98011
My approach is grounded in humanism, recognizing your unique experiences and potential for growth. I believe in your ability to find your own answers and solutions, and I'm here to support you along the way and explore the challenges in your life. Sometimes we get stuck or lost on our journey in life, and that’s ok. Whether you’re grappling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or life transitions, I offer a compassionate and collaborative partnership. I use an integrated whole-person approach to understand who you are and what makes you, you. There is no perfect modality or a “one size shoe fits all” approach to therapy.
My approach is grounded in humanism, recognizing your unique experiences and potential for growth. I believe in your ability to find your own answers and solutions, and I'm here to support you along the way and explore the challenges in your life. Sometimes we get stuck or lost on our journey in life, and that’s ok. Whether you’re grappling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or life transitions, I offer a compassionate and collaborative partnership. I use an integrated whole-person approach to understand who you are and what makes you, you. There is no perfect modality or a “one size shoe fits all” approach to therapy.
(425) 409-5602 View (425) 409-5602
Photo of Jason Bailey, MA, LMHC, NCC, SOTP, CFMHE, Counselor
Jason Bailey
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC, SOTP, CFMHE
Verified Verified
Bothell, WA 98011
I have a range of experience working with a variety of topics and issues, some of which include: anxiety, depression, psychotic disorders, trauma and PTSD, Veteran's issues, sexual behavior problems, sexual offender treatment, interpersonal problems, etc. I have appreciation for a variety of client backgrounds and issues, but I have an especially fond place in my heart for working with military, Veterans, and their families, as I was raised as a military dependent and am a combat Veteran.
I have a range of experience working with a variety of topics and issues, some of which include: anxiety, depression, psychotic disorders, trauma and PTSD, Veteran's issues, sexual behavior problems, sexual offender treatment, interpersonal problems, etc. I have appreciation for a variety of client backgrounds and issues, but I have an especially fond place in my heart for working with military, Veterans, and their families, as I was raised as a military dependent and am a combat Veteran.
(360) 200-7084 View (360) 200-7084
Photo of Grace Hamlow, LMHCA, Counselor
Grace Hamlow
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Bothell, WA 98011  (Online Only)
I am a holistic, trauma-informed therapist, working with adult individuals to address symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, various forms of trauma, interpersonal issues, substance use and abuse, and with individuals who are on the autism spectrum and members of the LGBTQIA+ community. I use a Narrative framework, in addition to CBT and DBT when clinically appropriate. I focus on the client’s relationship to their experiences, strengths, and issues/symptoms. In addition to our depth-work, I provide coping skills and activities based on your needs and to reduce distressful symptoms.
I am a holistic, trauma-informed therapist, working with adult individuals to address symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, various forms of trauma, interpersonal issues, substance use and abuse, and with individuals who are on the autism spectrum and members of the LGBTQIA+ community. I use a Narrative framework, in addition to CBT and DBT when clinically appropriate. I focus on the client’s relationship to their experiences, strengths, and issues/symptoms. In addition to our depth-work, I provide coping skills and activities based on your needs and to reduce distressful symptoms.
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Photo of Joellen I Kenyon, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Joellen I Kenyon
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bothell, WA 98011
I have 9 years' experience working with clients of all ages in the areas of Anxiety, ADHD, depression, Trauma and Grief. Recently I have chosen to focus my work with children and adolescents who are struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, transitions and trauma/abuse. I am currently accepting adults and couples with the above struggles too.
I have 9 years' experience working with clients of all ages in the areas of Anxiety, ADHD, depression, Trauma and Grief. Recently I have chosen to focus my work with children and adolescents who are struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, transitions and trauma/abuse. I am currently accepting adults and couples with the above struggles too.
(425) 537-7648 View (425) 537-7648
Photo of Wei Huang, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wei Huang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bothell, WA 98011  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
You've realized you're spreading yourself too thin and continuing to prioritize other people's needs or work above yourself again. Maybe you're also experiencing depression, anxiety, or other life stressors that makes everything feel that much harder. Do you want to find your voice by creating stronger boundaries and/or developing tools to overcome your stressors? Prioritizing yourself can feel scary at first. No matter what is making prioritizing yourself difficult right now, I hope we can work together. I specialize in working with adults, healthcare workers, LGBTQIA+, BIPOC, and ENM/polyam populations.
You've realized you're spreading yourself too thin and continuing to prioritize other people's needs or work above yourself again. Maybe you're also experiencing depression, anxiety, or other life stressors that makes everything feel that much harder. Do you want to find your voice by creating stronger boundaries and/or developing tools to overcome your stressors? Prioritizing yourself can feel scary at first. No matter what is making prioritizing yourself difficult right now, I hope we can work together. I specialize in working with adults, healthcare workers, LGBTQIA+, BIPOC, and ENM/polyam populations.
(425) 400-1579 View (425) 400-1579
Photo of Steve Dill, LMHC, CSAT, Counselor
Steve Dill
Counselor, LMHC, CSAT
Verified Verified
Bothell, WA 98011  (Online Only)
Are you watching porn when you’ve tried to stop? Are you sexually “on” too much or all the time? Pursuing sexual encounters even when it violates your vows or values or it’s getting in the way of your work or other goals? These are sensitive issues and require a safe person to confide in but, if you can relate to this and your contemplating a change - call me - I can help. I’m a CSAT, Certified Sexual Addictions Therapist and I‘ve helped numerous men find their way back to peace with themselves and frequently reconciled relationships.
Are you watching porn when you’ve tried to stop? Are you sexually “on” too much or all the time? Pursuing sexual encounters even when it violates your vows or values or it’s getting in the way of your work or other goals? These are sensitive issues and require a safe person to confide in but, if you can relate to this and your contemplating a change - call me - I can help. I’m a CSAT, Certified Sexual Addictions Therapist and I‘ve helped numerous men find their way back to peace with themselves and frequently reconciled relationships.
(206) 539-1260 View (206) 539-1260
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bothell, WA

300+

Average cost per session

$155

Therapists in Bothell, WA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
74% Self Esteem
70% Grief
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Premera Blue Cross
71% Regence
63% Aetna

How Therapists in Bothell, WA see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bothell?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.