Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

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Photo of Aiden Sismondo -Gender Identity Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Aiden Sismondo -Gender Identity Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
I am a compassionate and empathetic person, and my goal as your therapist is to provide a safe and non-judgmental setting while you embark on your gender journey. My therapeutic approaches include motivational interviewing, EMDR, solution-focused interventions, and person-centered engagement. Shortly after receiving my bachelor’s degree, I moved to Arizona and began my journey to discover my authentic self. In 2009, I made the courageous steps to live authentically as a transgender man and medically transition. Therefore, I bring a wealth of knowledge regarding resources to therapy.
I am a compassionate and empathetic person, and my goal as your therapist is to provide a safe and non-judgmental setting while you embark on your gender journey. My therapeutic approaches include motivational interviewing, EMDR, solution-focused interventions, and person-centered engagement. Shortly after receiving my bachelor’s degree, I moved to Arizona and began my journey to discover my authentic self. In 2009, I made the courageous steps to live authentically as a transgender man and medically transition. Therefore, I bring a wealth of knowledge regarding resources to therapy.
(623) 632-0363 View (623) 632-0363
Photo of Patricia Davila, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Patricia Davila
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85051
Now accepting new clients. Are you feeling tired, having trouble concentrating, feel stuck in your head, and feel trapped and alone? Are you struggling to thrive in your day to day life due to a trauma you experienced in the past or recently? I can teach you tools that can help you take your life back. Asking for help with mental health can be hard, but you are not alone. I am here for you! When you are struggling, and feeling low and vulnerable, you need to be able to talk to someone. You deserve help and support and I provide a safe space where you can be heard non-judgmentally.
Now accepting new clients. Are you feeling tired, having trouble concentrating, feel stuck in your head, and feel trapped and alone? Are you struggling to thrive in your day to day life due to a trauma you experienced in the past or recently? I can teach you tools that can help you take your life back. Asking for help with mental health can be hard, but you are not alone. I am here for you! When you are struggling, and feeling low and vulnerable, you need to be able to talk to someone. You deserve help and support and I provide a safe space where you can be heard non-judgmentally.
(602) 755-9497 View (602) 755-9497
Photo of Mia Garic, Pre-Licensed Professional in Phoenix, AZ
Mia Garic
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085  (Online Only)
Are you ready to embark on a transformative journey towards embracing your true self and crafting a life that you truly adore? Then I'm here to help! I'm Mia, a dedicated counseling intern with a unique specialization in strength-based therapy, attachment styles, and the art of cultivating self-love. I understand that the journey to creating a life you love begins with cultivating a deep and unshakable love for yourself. Within our personalized sessions, I will gently guide you toward recognizing your worth, quieting self-doubt, and nurturing a profound sense of self-acceptance.
Are you ready to embark on a transformative journey towards embracing your true self and crafting a life that you truly adore? Then I'm here to help! I'm Mia, a dedicated counseling intern with a unique specialization in strength-based therapy, attachment styles, and the art of cultivating self-love. I understand that the journey to creating a life you love begins with cultivating a deep and unshakable love for yourself. Within our personalized sessions, I will gently guide you toward recognizing your worth, quieting self-doubt, and nurturing a profound sense of self-acceptance.
(623) 462-2696 View (623) 462-2696
Photo of Tatiana Fedotova Klinger, Psychologist in Phoenix, AZ
Tatiana Fedotova Klinger
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85027
My belief is that each individual deserves to be happy, and I respect the diversity and authenticity of my clients.
My belief is that each individual deserves to be happy, and I respect the diversity and authenticity of my clients.
(480) 780-2029 View (480) 780-2029
Photo of Jennifer Salas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Jennifer Salas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85012  (Online Only)
Bilingual (English and Spanish). Serving mental health counseling and Immigration Evaluation clients in AZ via Telehealth. Healing is truly possible! Each person has immense strength and resilience. My passion involves walking alongside clients to build upon areas of hope for improved well-being. People do not need to go through these things alone. I strive to provide quality, trustworthy, and professional guidance to my clients in a collaborative manner. I have years of experience assisting those who have gone through trauma, sexuality-based issues, and those struggling to manage difficult emotions, thoughts, and relationships.
Bilingual (English and Spanish). Serving mental health counseling and Immigration Evaluation clients in AZ via Telehealth. Healing is truly possible! Each person has immense strength and resilience. My passion involves walking alongside clients to build upon areas of hope for improved well-being. People do not need to go through these things alone. I strive to provide quality, trustworthy, and professional guidance to my clients in a collaborative manner. I have years of experience assisting those who have gone through trauma, sexuality-based issues, and those struggling to manage difficult emotions, thoughts, and relationships.
(602) 786-8961 View (602) 786-8961
Photo of Shana Zimmerman, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Shana Zimmerman
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
You seek counseling because you want something different for yourself and to find new possibilities where you feel stuck. As much as you feel capable in parts of your life, your inability to solve these issues makes you doubt yourself and perhaps feel like your own liability. To change, we need to feel safe to explore these challenging feelings and actions, the stress they cause, and how they originated and perpetuate in your life.
You seek counseling because you want something different for yourself and to find new possibilities where you feel stuck. As much as you feel capable in parts of your life, your inability to solve these issues makes you doubt yourself and perhaps feel like your own liability. To change, we need to feel safe to explore these challenging feelings and actions, the stress they cause, and how they originated and perpetuate in your life.
(623) 304-4029 View (623) 304-4029
Photo of David Hunter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
David Hunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
I am a board-certified, licensed professional counselor with 14+ years working with individuals struggling with gambling, gaming, substance abuse, trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, anger management, and more. I pride myself on an evidence-based approach to ensure each client is fully supported throughout their full course of care. I strongly believe in providing every client with utmost respect and dignity, prioritizing their needs and aspirations through a personalized and compassionate approach.
I am a board-certified, licensed professional counselor with 14+ years working with individuals struggling with gambling, gaming, substance abuse, trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, anger management, and more. I pride myself on an evidence-based approach to ensure each client is fully supported throughout their full course of care. I strongly believe in providing every client with utmost respect and dignity, prioritizing their needs and aspirations through a personalized and compassionate approach.
(928) 764-0675 View (928) 764-0675
Photo of Lisa H Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Lisa H Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MAPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85027
Life change left you feeling "stuck", down or isolating? A masters level licensed Christian counselor with immediate openings I realize it takes courage to seek help and offer a safe place for healing. Would you rather walk and talk, or prefer a listening ear in a comfy office? We will collaborate to set goals promoting forward movement. A former teacher and military spouse, I will meet you where you are and help you find clarity and insight to move through emotions motivating proactive growth.
Life change left you feeling "stuck", down or isolating? A masters level licensed Christian counselor with immediate openings I realize it takes courage to seek help and offer a safe place for healing. Would you rather walk and talk, or prefer a listening ear in a comfy office? We will collaborate to set goals promoting forward movement. A former teacher and military spouse, I will meet you where you are and help you find clarity and insight to move through emotions motivating proactive growth.
(602) 737-0822 View (602) 737-0822
Photo of Victoria Muñoz, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Victoria Muñoz
Counselor, MC, LPC, SEP, CDWF-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85018
Do you want to live more wholeheartedly? Would you like to feel safe and supported? Would you like to try something different? Often my clients are individuals who have been in counseling before and are looking for something other than "just talking about it." I believe in trusting the organic intelligence or wisdom of the body, in the here and now, to support healing. I want to support you in building your resiliance while helping you develop a more wholehearted way of engaging in the world.
Do you want to live more wholeheartedly? Would you like to feel safe and supported? Would you like to try something different? Often my clients are individuals who have been in counseling before and are looking for something other than "just talking about it." I believe in trusting the organic intelligence or wisdom of the body, in the here and now, to support healing. I want to support you in building your resiliance while helping you develop a more wholehearted way of engaging in the world.
(480) 418-7815 View (480) 418-7815
Photo of Amy Guido, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Amy Guido
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85018
Hi there, I work with everyone from young adults to empty nesters to show up in their relationships more authentically-I especially help with the challenge of raising kids and individuating from parents. I support people with differences to use moments of potential tension to get curious instead of furious or fearful, building a life they want to come home to - with skills that transfer to all their relationships especially the one they have with themself. If you're ready to grow with the support of someone who gets where things get tricky, is reliable but also relatable, then give me a call.
Hi there, I work with everyone from young adults to empty nesters to show up in their relationships more authentically-I especially help with the challenge of raising kids and individuating from parents. I support people with differences to use moments of potential tension to get curious instead of furious or fearful, building a life they want to come home to - with skills that transfer to all their relationships especially the one they have with themself. If you're ready to grow with the support of someone who gets where things get tricky, is reliable but also relatable, then give me a call.
(623) 462-2381 View (623) 462-2381
Photo of Dr. Jessica Cowan, Psychologist in Phoenix, AZ
Dr. Jessica Cowan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85018  (Online Only)
Dr. Jessica Cowan is a clinical psychologist. She provides an individualized approach, grounded in evidence-based interventions and the power of authentic human connection to help translate her client's therapy goals into action. Dr. Cowan is currently scheduling new clients for February 2022 for telehealth appointments, she is anticipating offering limited in-person services to clients in the Seattle area starting in April. Dr. Cowan is not currently accepting insurance and is considered an out-of-network provider.
Dr. Jessica Cowan is a clinical psychologist. She provides an individualized approach, grounded in evidence-based interventions and the power of authentic human connection to help translate her client's therapy goals into action. Dr. Cowan is currently scheduling new clients for February 2022 for telehealth appointments, she is anticipating offering limited in-person services to clients in the Seattle area starting in April. Dr. Cowan is not currently accepting insurance and is considered an out-of-network provider.
(602) 780-2296 View (602) 780-2296
Photo of Cameron Muller, Pre-Licensed Professional in Phoenix, AZ
Cameron Muller
Pre-Licensed Professional, MC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85013
I obtained my undergraduate degrees in Sociology and Psychological Sciences at Northern Arizona University, and continued my education at Arizona State University, earning a Master of Counseling (MC). I currently hold a temporary associate counseling license (LAC), and practice under the supervision of Dr. Lancellotti while working towards independent licensure. I have a background working with adults across a variety of mental health presentations.
I obtained my undergraduate degrees in Sociology and Psychological Sciences at Northern Arizona University, and continued my education at Arizona State University, earning a Master of Counseling (MC). I currently hold a temporary associate counseling license (LAC), and practice under the supervision of Dr. Lancellotti while working towards independent licensure. I have a background working with adults across a variety of mental health presentations.
(602) 962-9259 View (602) 962-9259
Photo of Melanie Stasny, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Melanie Stasny
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85014
It happened again. Another restless night. Another day trying to put on a happy face. Another day working hard to keep all the worry, negative feelings, stress and exhaustion buried inside. You are overwhelmed and can’t understand how you got here. Life is stressful. Constant worry, anxiousness, sadness, feelings of emptiness, irritability are all ways that our bodies can respond to the stress of life. Painful life experiences have a way of making us feel trapped. Maybe something painful has happened to you or your child recently or in the past and no matter how hard you have tried to work through it, nothing seems to be working.
It happened again. Another restless night. Another day trying to put on a happy face. Another day working hard to keep all the worry, negative feelings, stress and exhaustion buried inside. You are overwhelmed and can’t understand how you got here. Life is stressful. Constant worry, anxiousness, sadness, feelings of emptiness, irritability are all ways that our bodies can respond to the stress of life. Painful life experiences have a way of making us feel trapped. Maybe something painful has happened to you or your child recently or in the past and no matter how hard you have tried to work through it, nothing seems to be working.
(480) 718-7002 View (480) 718-7002
Photo of Brandon Prendiville, Pre-Licensed Professional in Phoenix, AZ
Brandon Prendiville
Pre-Licensed Professional, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
Hello, I am a counseling intern from Arizona State University, pursuing a master’s degree in counseling. I know that it takes courage to seek counseling and I appreciate how hard it can be to take the first step. I am committed to supporting clients in a therapeutic alliance as they explore their thoughts and feelings, and work toward their goals. As an advocate of holistic and individualized care, I integrate a holistic person-centered approach complemented by principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Hello, I am a counseling intern from Arizona State University, pursuing a master’s degree in counseling. I know that it takes courage to seek counseling and I appreciate how hard it can be to take the first step. I am committed to supporting clients in a therapeutic alliance as they explore their thoughts and feelings, and work toward their goals. As an advocate of holistic and individualized care, I integrate a holistic person-centered approach complemented by principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
(623) 294-7242 View (623) 294-7242
Photo of Kim Romen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Kim Romen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85044
You said you would never stay with someone who cheated. You can’t believe he did this. It's like a nightmare. You are considering divorce but you want to believe him and deep down you want to get through this if it’s possible. You thought you knew him. Could it be possible he loves you like he says he does when he hurt you like this? Did he even consider you? It’s embarrassing to bring this up to anyone. You wonder if people will judge you if you stay and will they ever be able to see him in the same light if you tell people and are able to work it out? You have already talked for hours and don't know how you can get through this.
You said you would never stay with someone who cheated. You can’t believe he did this. It's like a nightmare. You are considering divorce but you want to believe him and deep down you want to get through this if it’s possible. You thought you knew him. Could it be possible he loves you like he says he does when he hurt you like this? Did he even consider you? It’s embarrassing to bring this up to anyone. You wonder if people will judge you if you stay and will they ever be able to see him in the same light if you tell people and are able to work it out? You have already talked for hours and don't know how you can get through this.
(520) 999-2307 View (520) 999-2307
Photo of Tessa Mandala, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Tessa Mandala
Counselor, MEd, LCPC, LPC, C-IAYT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85018
I am a LCPC in Illinois, a LPC in Arizona, and a certified yoga therapist. I have experience in working with substance abuse, addictions, mood and anxiety disorders, LGBTQIA+ community, and mindfulness/yoga. I have worked as a counselor in an IOP, serving individuals struggling with substance abuse. I recognize that recovery is a unique journey for each individual, and works with them to develop a unique recovery program.
I am a LCPC in Illinois, a LPC in Arizona, and a certified yoga therapist. I have experience in working with substance abuse, addictions, mood and anxiety disorders, LGBTQIA+ community, and mindfulness/yoga. I have worked as a counselor in an IOP, serving individuals struggling with substance abuse. I recognize that recovery is a unique journey for each individual, and works with them to develop a unique recovery program.
(773) 729-1687 View (773) 729-1687
Photo of Jessica Roberts, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Jessica Roberts
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85012  (Online Only)
Swipe right on me! :) Just kidding, different app! - I specialize in affirming your strengths while identifying your barriers to growth. It gives me joy to help you see the “true self” that may have been obscured by feelings of anxiety and depression. By remembering and connecting with who you are, you are able to enact a vision of who you want to become. My clients are able to feel more comfortable in their own skin and achieve their goals of greater balance and peace in their lives. I especially enjoy working with young women to help you on your journey of self-discovery both individually and in relationship.
Swipe right on me! :) Just kidding, different app! - I specialize in affirming your strengths while identifying your barriers to growth. It gives me joy to help you see the “true self” that may have been obscured by feelings of anxiety and depression. By remembering and connecting with who you are, you are able to enact a vision of who you want to become. My clients are able to feel more comfortable in their own skin and achieve their goals of greater balance and peace in their lives. I especially enjoy working with young women to help you on your journey of self-discovery both individually and in relationship.
(602) 780-2497 View (602) 780-2497
Photo of Dalesha Smallwood, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Dalesha Smallwood
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85028  (Online Only)
Dalesha Smallwood, A Licensed Associate Counselor and Parent Coach that brings years of experience working with children. From her educational background in teaching, outpatient therapy and womens health, she has developed a profound understanding of relationships, and the connection between children and their parents. She graduated from Walden University with a masters degree in mental health counseling with a specialization in Marriage, Couples and Families. She also has a masters degree in Early Childhood Education with an emphasis on Administration & Development. She has worked with children and families for the past six years.
Dalesha Smallwood, A Licensed Associate Counselor and Parent Coach that brings years of experience working with children. From her educational background in teaching, outpatient therapy and womens health, she has developed a profound understanding of relationships, and the connection between children and their parents. She graduated from Walden University with a masters degree in mental health counseling with a specialization in Marriage, Couples and Families. She also has a masters degree in Early Childhood Education with an emphasis on Administration & Development. She has worked with children and families for the past six years.
(602) 755-2706 View (602) 755-2706
Photo of Corrie Turpin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Corrie Turpin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85086  (Online Only)
Welcome! I understand the courage it takes to reach out for help. I pledge to be your advocate as you navigate the ups and downs of life. As a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist with 23+ years providing therapy, I offer compassionate counseling that will assist you with reducing symptoms and increasing coping skills to improve overall wellness.
Welcome! I understand the courage it takes to reach out for help. I pledge to be your advocate as you navigate the ups and downs of life. As a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist with 23+ years providing therapy, I offer compassionate counseling that will assist you with reducing symptoms and increasing coping skills to improve overall wellness.
(928) 628-8373 View (928) 628-8373
Photo of Cynthia Trollope, Pre-Licensed Professional in Phoenix, AZ
Cynthia Trollope
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85028
Not accepting new clients
My clients come to me from all stages of life. They might be facing relational challenges, life transitions, or burnout. Stress, anxiety, or trauma all may push a client toward seeking help. I also work with those in high-stress occupations, including athletes, medical professionals, and law enforcement officers. My clients seek relief, restoration, and wellness. My goal is to aid you in becoming the best version of yourself: the You that you want to be.
My clients come to me from all stages of life. They might be facing relational challenges, life transitions, or burnout. Stress, anxiety, or trauma all may push a client toward seeking help. I also work with those in high-stress occupations, including athletes, medical professionals, and law enforcement officers. My clients seek relief, restoration, and wellness. My goal is to aid you in becoming the best version of yourself: the You that you want to be.
(602) 497-3060 View (602) 497-3060

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Phoenix, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
76% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
70% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Phoenix, AZ see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Phoenix?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.