Therapists in California

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Photo of Barney Rosen, PhD, Psychologist
Barney Rosen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436  (Online Only)
You have to feel better to get better. That may seem obvious, but it really isn't. When I begin to work with a new patient, I have two immediate goals: To get to know this person so we can determine if we're a good match; and if we are, to use my years of experience and skills to target current areas of damage and hurt. People come to therapy in pain — something or many things in their lives aren't working. Our job is to take a breath, appreciate your unique situation, understand when and how current problem(s) became unmanageable or toxic, and then find ways to feel better, more hopeful and clear about how to proceed back to life.
You have to feel better to get better. That may seem obvious, but it really isn't. When I begin to work with a new patient, I have two immediate goals: To get to know this person so we can determine if we're a good match; and if we are, to use my years of experience and skills to target current areas of damage and hurt. People come to therapy in pain — something or many things in their lives aren't working. Our job is to take a breath, appreciate your unique situation, understand when and how current problem(s) became unmanageable or toxic, and then find ways to feel better, more hopeful and clear about how to proceed back to life.
(818) 862-6371 View (818) 862-6371
Photo of Cristina Deneve, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cristina Deneve
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tustin, CA 92780  (Online Only)
Bilingual EMDR Therapy for Anxiety: Are you feeling anxious, overwhelmed and can’t figure out why? Have you found yourself wondering if there is something wrong with you? Are these feelings making you feel stuck in life and as a result you feel guilty about it? Have you ever wonder how life would be if you felt at peace, in control of your life and relieved because you know that there is nothing wrong with you and your worthy? Can you imagine how would it be to love yourself and be able to mover forward with your life?
Bilingual EMDR Therapy for Anxiety: Are you feeling anxious, overwhelmed and can’t figure out why? Have you found yourself wondering if there is something wrong with you? Are these feelings making you feel stuck in life and as a result you feel guilty about it? Have you ever wonder how life would be if you felt at peace, in control of your life and relieved because you know that there is nothing wrong with you and your worthy? Can you imagine how would it be to love yourself and be able to mover forward with your life?
(949) 749-6544 View (949) 749-6544
Photo of Michael Mayer, PhD, Psychologist
Michael Mayer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Real transformation is possible when you have the right tools to mine your inner gems. With my 40 years experience, I give you leading-edge methods to help you deal with various psychological issues. Self-healing tools from Eastern and Western traditions can reduce or eliminate medications and empowers your inner healer to deal with your anxiety, depression, chronic pain, insomnia, trauma,hypertension, etc. Transform your inner critic into a helpful coach :-)
Real transformation is possible when you have the right tools to mine your inner gems. With my 40 years experience, I give you leading-edge methods to help you deal with various psychological issues. Self-healing tools from Eastern and Western traditions can reduce or eliminate medications and empowers your inner healer to deal with your anxiety, depression, chronic pain, insomnia, trauma,hypertension, etc. Transform your inner critic into a helpful coach :-)
(510) 878-4268 View (510) 878-4268
Photo of Carly Dosh, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carly Dosh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90404  (Online Only)
What if both mental wellness and mental distress are experiences along a spectrum and this is part of what makes us human? You are not alone as we all travel these experiences that make up our mental health, both in times of flourishing and times of challenge. Reasons for seeking support vary, although daily distress in its subtle or obvious forms can create feelings of anxiety, overwhelm, depletion, or at times a sense of shut down. As our bodies respond to this distress it can result in feeling stuck, disconnected from self, disconnected from satisfying relationships with others, or a sense that things might never change.
What if both mental wellness and mental distress are experiences along a spectrum and this is part of what makes us human? You are not alone as we all travel these experiences that make up our mental health, both in times of flourishing and times of challenge. Reasons for seeking support vary, although daily distress in its subtle or obvious forms can create feelings of anxiety, overwhelm, depletion, or at times a sense of shut down. As our bodies respond to this distress it can result in feeling stuck, disconnected from self, disconnected from satisfying relationships with others, or a sense that things might never change.
(818) 862-3006 View (818) 862-3006
Photo of Gina Marquardt, PsyD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gina Marquardt
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palmdale, CA 93590  (Online Only)
What if you could prove your doctor wrong and manage your anxiety without resorting to medication? Are you like many of my clients struggling with uncertainty around mounting bills, career concerns, or relationship/family issues that lead to anxiety or panic attacks? If this sounds like you, I want to introduce you to the three strategies my most successful clients use to turn off anxiety and turn on inner peace: 1. Master the skill of breathing techniques which relax your mind and body. 2. Reframe your inner dialogue to boost your self-esteem. 3. Learn to express your needs while respecting others.
What if you could prove your doctor wrong and manage your anxiety without resorting to medication? Are you like many of my clients struggling with uncertainty around mounting bills, career concerns, or relationship/family issues that lead to anxiety or panic attacks? If this sounds like you, I want to introduce you to the three strategies my most successful clients use to turn off anxiety and turn on inner peace: 1. Master the skill of breathing techniques which relax your mind and body. 2. Reframe your inner dialogue to boost your self-esteem. 3. Learn to express your needs while respecting others.
(747) 998-0216 View (747) 998-0216
Photo of April Nelson Afoa, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
April Nelson Afoa
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Aliso Viejo, CA 92656
~ ALL THINGS RELATIONAL ~ My work revolves around the interactions between & relationships among people.
~ ALL THINGS RELATIONAL ~ My work revolves around the interactions between & relationships among people.
(714) 482-6319 View (714) 482-6319
Photo of Margaret M Clausen, PsyD, Psychologist
Margaret M Clausen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Whether you're looking for psychotherapy, coaching, focused EMDR or biofeedback, everyone is coming with unique needs, difficulties, and strengths. My focus is working with men and women experiencing traumatic stress, loss and grief, chronic or terminal illness, as well as adults who have had near-death experiences (NDE), and other spiritually transformative, exceptional experiences. My approach is holistic. Together with clients we work to ease distress, build on strengths already present, gain insights, and cultivate relating to yourself and other people in life-enhancing ways.
Whether you're looking for psychotherapy, coaching, focused EMDR or biofeedback, everyone is coming with unique needs, difficulties, and strengths. My focus is working with men and women experiencing traumatic stress, loss and grief, chronic or terminal illness, as well as adults who have had near-death experiences (NDE), and other spiritually transformative, exceptional experiences. My approach is holistic. Together with clients we work to ease distress, build on strengths already present, gain insights, and cultivate relating to yourself and other people in life-enhancing ways.
(510) 851-9765 View (510) 851-9765
Photo of Artie Bass, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Artie Bass
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90035
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 10 years experience, I have had the honor of being invited into the lives and struggles of individuals, couples, adolescents, and families. I have been able to integrate solution focused cognitive therapy and psychodynamic client-centered approaches to help clients navigate issues ranging from depression, anxiety, stress, emotional and physical abuse, issues from family of origin, relationship issues involving intimacy and communication that are either a result of early life trauma, or occurring later in life as a result of difficulties with employment, life stresses, and grief and loss.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 10 years experience, I have had the honor of being invited into the lives and struggles of individuals, couples, adolescents, and families. I have been able to integrate solution focused cognitive therapy and psychodynamic client-centered approaches to help clients navigate issues ranging from depression, anxiety, stress, emotional and physical abuse, issues from family of origin, relationship issues involving intimacy and communication that are either a result of early life trauma, or occurring later in life as a result of difficulties with employment, life stresses, and grief and loss.
(310) 740-9842 View (310) 740-9842
Photo of Sarah Allbright, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sarah Allbright
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Wildomar, CA 92595
Hi. My name is Sarah Allbright. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist at PATH. I strive to provide a safe space for clients and highlight strengths to help create opportunities for growth. I view the client as the expert and my ability to offer support, empathy and an unbiased perspective as key to therapy. I enjoy collaborating with client's during transition and facing life challenges as well as as treating disorders including anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD and Bipolar.
Hi. My name is Sarah Allbright. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist at PATH. I strive to provide a safe space for clients and highlight strengths to help create opportunities for growth. I view the client as the expert and my ability to offer support, empathy and an unbiased perspective as key to therapy. I enjoy collaborating with client's during transition and facing life challenges as well as as treating disorders including anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD and Bipolar.
(951) 944-1642 View (951) 944-1642
Photo of Jennifer Sherman, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jennifer Sherman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95122
You will face many defeats in your life, but never let yourself be defeated by Maya Angelou. Life is full of positive moments where the strength to define ourselves and develop skills to live more fully are easily found. But when life becomes whittled with challenges, stress, and struggles, the test then becomes learning to navigate our feelings, recognize our thoughts, and make changes in our behavior to live more wholly. Most of the time we are capable of handling life’s stresses, but sometimes things can get too overwhelming and stressful, and we need help.
You will face many defeats in your life, but never let yourself be defeated by Maya Angelou. Life is full of positive moments where the strength to define ourselves and develop skills to live more fully are easily found. But when life becomes whittled with challenges, stress, and struggles, the test then becomes learning to navigate our feelings, recognize our thoughts, and make changes in our behavior to live more wholly. Most of the time we are capable of handling life’s stresses, but sometimes things can get too overwhelming and stressful, and we need help.
(408) 676-3175 View (408) 676-3175
Photo of Lorena Bessemer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lorena Bessemer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024  (Online Only)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is my preferred practice often times drawing in from other modalities as needed depending on where the client is. I aim for Strengths-based goal driven, Short term Solution-focused, and Client-Centered approaches while obtaining client perspective and feedback throughout the course of services. My goal is to facilitate and empower you towards improved functioning, with self-discovery/reflection through psychodynamic practice using honest non judgmental, and compassionate services.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is my preferred practice often times drawing in from other modalities as needed depending on where the client is. I aim for Strengths-based goal driven, Short term Solution-focused, and Client-Centered approaches while obtaining client perspective and feedback throughout the course of services. My goal is to facilitate and empower you towards improved functioning, with self-discovery/reflection through psychodynamic practice using honest non judgmental, and compassionate services.
(310) 361-1590 View (310) 361-1590
Mind to Mindful
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Not Verified Not Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90034  (Online Only)
Mind to Mindful was formed to address the rapidly emerging field of mindfulness-based therapy. Our program offers both mindfulness groups and mindfulness-based individual therapy. Although the training of each teacher and therapist in our program varies, they all share an excitement about the growing body of research which shows how mindfulness practices reduce stress and enhance happiness. With 40 locations throughout Northern and Southern California, clients can be seen either in person or over our confidential video conferencing connection.
Mind to Mindful was formed to address the rapidly emerging field of mindfulness-based therapy. Our program offers both mindfulness groups and mindfulness-based individual therapy. Although the training of each teacher and therapist in our program varies, they all share an excitement about the growing body of research which shows how mindfulness practices reduce stress and enhance happiness. With 40 locations throughout Northern and Southern California, clients can be seen either in person or over our confidential video conferencing connection.
(424) 353-2683 View (424) 353-2683
Photo of Albert Anderson, LPCC
Albert Anderson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stockton, CA 95207
Hello, and welcome to your journey of self-exploration. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who utilizes a trauma-informed lens approach to therapy. I work with trauma, mood disorders ( anxiety, depression), self-esteem, and life transitions. I typically work with clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD symptoms, mood disorders (anxiety and depression), and self-esteem. I utilize Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Internal Family Systems, and Psychodynamic Therapy. I create a warm, compassionate, non-judgmental, and exploratory environment for clients.
Hello, and welcome to your journey of self-exploration. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who utilizes a trauma-informed lens approach to therapy. I work with trauma, mood disorders ( anxiety, depression), self-esteem, and life transitions. I typically work with clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD symptoms, mood disorders (anxiety and depression), and self-esteem. I utilize Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Internal Family Systems, and Psychodynamic Therapy. I create a warm, compassionate, non-judgmental, and exploratory environment for clients.
(209) 314-5851 View (209) 314-5851
Photo of Arami James, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Arami James
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90039
Do you want to enjoy the present moments and be more present in your daily experiences, especially during times of change and transformation? Do you want to create a solid foundation during your current life transformation? Do you want to improve your communication and connection in your relationships during times of transition and growth? Do you seek to break cycles within yourself and overcome patterns that have been reinforced by societal, familial and personal narratives? Would you like to tap into your intuition and connection to your roots to find more balance, ease, calmness and creation in your life?
Do you want to enjoy the present moments and be more present in your daily experiences, especially during times of change and transformation? Do you want to create a solid foundation during your current life transformation? Do you want to improve your communication and connection in your relationships during times of transition and growth? Do you seek to break cycles within yourself and overcome patterns that have been reinforced by societal, familial and personal narratives? Would you like to tap into your intuition and connection to your roots to find more balance, ease, calmness and creation in your life?
(747) 239-4937 View (747) 239-4937
Photo of Shirley Smith, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shirley Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Westlake Village, CA 91362  (Online Only)
Therapy is all about self-acceptance and rediscovering yourself. In therapy with me, I will learn about you as you are your own self expert, you know yourself best. From there, we learn what has been working and not working for you. The relationship we build in therapy is essential to the effectiveness in your treatment. I also have experience in multicultural and biracial issues.
Therapy is all about self-acceptance and rediscovering yourself. In therapy with me, I will learn about you as you are your own self expert, you know yourself best. From there, we learn what has been working and not working for you. The relationship we build in therapy is essential to the effectiveness in your treatment. I also have experience in multicultural and biracial issues.
(310) 861-7914 View (310) 861-7914
Photo of Taisha Torres, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Taisha Torres
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Signal Hill, CA 90755
Not accepting new clients
Hello and welcome! I am so glad you are here and have made a courageous choice to seek healing. Like our physical health, I believe we must also take into consideration the “vital signs” (mood swings, sadness, irritability, excessive worry, etc.) that indicate the state of our mental health. Whether it is caused by stress from overwhelming responsibilities, parenting, past trauma, or even just having difficulty communicating needs to family members and friends, I believe these can all be signs that we need a little extra support and I would like to be that support for you.
Hello and welcome! I am so glad you are here and have made a courageous choice to seek healing. Like our physical health, I believe we must also take into consideration the “vital signs” (mood swings, sadness, irritability, excessive worry, etc.) that indicate the state of our mental health. Whether it is caused by stress from overwhelming responsibilities, parenting, past trauma, or even just having difficulty communicating needs to family members and friends, I believe these can all be signs that we need a little extra support and I would like to be that support for you.
(562) 203-8884 View (562) 203-8884
Photo of Kaihan Zhong, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kaihan Zhong
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Salinas, CA 93906
I typically work for clients with anxiety and depression, body image issues and OCD, and thought disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, delusional disorder). My approach is drawn from Client-centered theory, multicultural counseling theory, psychodynamic theory, music therapy theory (not a board-certified music therapist yet, currently working on it)
I typically work for clients with anxiety and depression, body image issues and OCD, and thought disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, delusional disorder). My approach is drawn from Client-centered theory, multicultural counseling theory, psychodynamic theory, music therapy theory (not a board-certified music therapist yet, currently working on it)
(831) 222-2181 View (831) 222-2181
Photo of Tu Nguyen, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tu Nguyen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Is anxiety, depression, fear or a traumatic past leaving you feeling numb, flat or emotionally disconnected from others, and more importantly yourself? Perhaps you keep choosing the wrong partners or stay in unhappy relationships not knowing how to move forward. Maybe intergenerational trauma is impacting your emotional wellness and you want to stop that cycle from passing onto future generations. What if there's a way to feel more consciously embodied? If you are ready to let go of your painful past, oppressive narratives, and limiting beliefs; I am here to help guide you through your healing journey.
Is anxiety, depression, fear or a traumatic past leaving you feeling numb, flat or emotionally disconnected from others, and more importantly yourself? Perhaps you keep choosing the wrong partners or stay in unhappy relationships not knowing how to move forward. Maybe intergenerational trauma is impacting your emotional wellness and you want to stop that cycle from passing onto future generations. What if there's a way to feel more consciously embodied? If you are ready to let go of your painful past, oppressive narratives, and limiting beliefs; I am here to help guide you through your healing journey.
(925) 430-7735 View (925) 430-7735
Photo of April Jordan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
April Jordan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm April Jordan and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I obtained my Masters in Social Work from Cal State East Bay, Hayward, in 2005. I am a wife, mother of young children and understand the stressors linked with trying to balance life. My Professional experience I have worked years in mental health, medical social work, family services and with the criminal justice system. In addition I am a first responder myself working in the emergency room as a medical social worker I understand the dynamics of caring for others especially during a Pandemic. During these unprecedented times, were all feeling overwhelmed and anxious
Hello, I'm April Jordan and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I obtained my Masters in Social Work from Cal State East Bay, Hayward, in 2005. I am a wife, mother of young children and understand the stressors linked with trying to balance life. My Professional experience I have worked years in mental health, medical social work, family services and with the criminal justice system. In addition I am a first responder myself working in the emergency room as a medical social worker I understand the dynamics of caring for others especially during a Pandemic. During these unprecedented times, were all feeling overwhelmed and anxious
(562) 568-9730 View (562) 568-9730
Photo of P. Michael Mastrofrancesco, LCSW, MFA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
P. Michael Mastrofrancesco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MFA
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
I have found that most people possess the necessary tools to improve their quality of life and simply need someone else to highlight them. I have a warm, direct style and utilize humor, when appropriate, to explore challenges and collaborate on ways to live one’s most fulfilled life. I use an experiential and intuitive approach to help clients develop the best possible relationships with themselves and others.
I have found that most people possess the necessary tools to improve their quality of life and simply need someone else to highlight them. I have a warm, direct style and utilize humor, when appropriate, to explore challenges and collaborate on ways to live one’s most fulfilled life. I use an experiential and intuitive approach to help clients develop the best possible relationships with themselves and others.
(310) 773-0260 View (310) 773-0260

How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in California who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% Aetna
60% Cigna and Evernorth
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in California see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in California?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.