Photo of Irena Raagas, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Irena Raagas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
My approach in therapy is to meet you where you are at and to ensure that you feel heard. You will be in a judgment free space where we will collaborate to help you reach your recovery goals. Are you self-critical of yourself? Are you experiencing Anxiety and Depression and can't seem to get out of your slump? Have you been reluctant to seek therapy in the past for various reasons? Therapy is a collaboration, a way to process your thoughts and emotions with my guidance. We will go over your goals and monitor your progress. I offer a warm, trusting environment where the focus will be you.
My approach in therapy is to meet you where you are at and to ensure that you feel heard. You will be in a judgment free space where we will collaborate to help you reach your recovery goals. Are you self-critical of yourself? Are you experiencing Anxiety and Depression and can't seem to get out of your slump? Have you been reluctant to seek therapy in the past for various reasons? Therapy is a collaboration, a way to process your thoughts and emotions with my guidance. We will go over your goals and monitor your progress. I offer a warm, trusting environment where the focus will be you.
(520) 650-9257 View (520) 650-9257
Penny Collins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
With more than fifteen years of expertise as a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor specializing in mental health and behavioral addiction treatment, my commitment is to offer understanding and empathetic support to those seeking assistance. My primary goal is to empower individuals to overcome their challenges and achieve lasting recovery through a personalized and comprehensive approach. I strongly believe in extending compassion and respect to every individual, devoid of judgment or societal stigma. My aim is to create a secure and nurturing environment where individuals can foster healthier coping strategies.
With more than fifteen years of expertise as a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor specializing in mental health and behavioral addiction treatment, my commitment is to offer understanding and empathetic support to those seeking assistance. My primary goal is to empower individuals to overcome their challenges and achieve lasting recovery through a personalized and comprehensive approach. I strongly believe in extending compassion and respect to every individual, devoid of judgment or societal stigma. My aim is to create a secure and nurturing environment where individuals can foster healthier coping strategies.
(928) 325-8689 View (928) 325-8689
Photo of Cindy Llora, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cindy Llora
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with negative memories, ruminating thoughts, or finding yourself trapped in a narrative loop? I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 15 years of experience. I work with my clients to construct a healthier, more balanced life. Using a blend of CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Mindfulness, Narrative, Client Centred, and Solutions Focused modalities, my approach is aimed at helping you create a new, empowering story, make peace with old memories, and create healthier thought patterns.
Are you struggling with negative memories, ruminating thoughts, or finding yourself trapped in a narrative loop? I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 15 years of experience. I work with my clients to construct a healthier, more balanced life. Using a blend of CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Mindfulness, Narrative, Client Centred, and Solutions Focused modalities, my approach is aimed at helping you create a new, empowering story, make peace with old memories, and create healthier thought patterns.
(623) 462-1790 View (623) 462-1790
Photo of Chris Chandler, MA, LPCC, LMHC, LPC, CSAT-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Chris Chandler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC, LMHC, LPC, CSAT-S
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
My passion is helping people build healthy and meaningful lives. I am a Certified Sexual Addiction Therapist trained by Dr. Patrick Carnes, the pioneer in the field of sex addiction. I have extensive experience working with individuals struggling with all forms of addictions and compulsive behaviors including: sex, pornography, drugs, alcohol, food, work, spending, codependent relationships, etc. I use Internal Family Systems, and Lifespan Integration to help people become free from underlying relational/attachment wounds.
My passion is helping people build healthy and meaningful lives. I am a Certified Sexual Addiction Therapist trained by Dr. Patrick Carnes, the pioneer in the field of sex addiction. I have extensive experience working with individuals struggling with all forms of addictions and compulsive behaviors including: sex, pornography, drugs, alcohol, food, work, spending, codependent relationships, etc. I use Internal Family Systems, and Lifespan Integration to help people become free from underlying relational/attachment wounds.
(520) 523-8606 View (520) 523-8606
Photo of Sarina Chawla, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarina Chawla
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
Are you seeking a safe, non-judgmental space where you can freely express yourself and learn effective coping strategies to manage stress and emotional turmoil? Sarina, an established licensed counselor, could be your ideal therapist. For over a decade, Sarina has been assisting young adults, middle-aged individuals, and seniors in regulating their emotions and decreasing anxiety levels. She artfully composes a collaborative plan, utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help rectify troubling thoughts and instill self-help strategies for better mood management.
Are you seeking a safe, non-judgmental space where you can freely express yourself and learn effective coping strategies to manage stress and emotional turmoil? Sarina, an established licensed counselor, could be your ideal therapist. For over a decade, Sarina has been assisting young adults, middle-aged individuals, and seniors in regulating their emotions and decreasing anxiety levels. She artfully composes a collaborative plan, utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help rectify troubling thoughts and instill self-help strategies for better mood management.
(928) 962-9925 View (928) 962-9925
Photo of Sybil Nwulu, MS, MC, LAC, Counselor
Sybil Nwulu
Counselor, MS, MC, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Waitlist for new clients
I view therapy as a space for you, the client to be unequivocally yourself while recognizing that there are so many internal and interpersonal factors alongside systems in place that may contribute to the pain, anxiety, and discomfort one feels. You are the most important person in your own life, and once you start to care for yourself in healing ways, this can be extended to others who you care for and love. I believe that it is important to walk patiently with every individual and I also believe that it is important to discuss how cultural beliefs and societal roles may influence one’s perception and experiences.
I view therapy as a space for you, the client to be unequivocally yourself while recognizing that there are so many internal and interpersonal factors alongside systems in place that may contribute to the pain, anxiety, and discomfort one feels. You are the most important person in your own life, and once you start to care for yourself in healing ways, this can be extended to others who you care for and love. I believe that it is important to walk patiently with every individual and I also believe that it is important to discuss how cultural beliefs and societal roles may influence one’s perception and experiences.
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Photo of Logan Denny, LAC, Counselor
Logan Denny
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Hey! I am Logan (they/them)- I am a queer, nonbinary, neurodivergent LAC/sex therapist with an education background in trauma-informed sex therapy. I am committed to creating a collaborative space where folx can seek wellness, pleasure, and liberation. I believe in supporting and empowering people in navigating the exploration of gender, sexuality, kink, non-monogamous relationships, intimate relationships, shame free sex, religious trauma and any other situations life has to offer.
Hey! I am Logan (they/them)- I am a queer, nonbinary, neurodivergent LAC/sex therapist with an education background in trauma-informed sex therapy. I am committed to creating a collaborative space where folx can seek wellness, pleasure, and liberation. I believe in supporting and empowering people in navigating the exploration of gender, sexuality, kink, non-monogamous relationships, intimate relationships, shame free sex, religious trauma and any other situations life has to offer.
(623) 210-6199 View (623) 210-6199
Photo of Anne Malec - Symmetry Counseling, PsyD, LMFT
Symmetry Counseling
PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
Welcome to Symmetry Counseling. We are a group of mental health professionals located in Phoenix specializing in counseling, psychotherapy, and coaching for individuals, couples, and families. We chose the name Symmetry because the word evokes our goal to assist you in developing an ability to remain balanced and resilient under the forces of change. Our therapists provide a supportive, empathetic, and hopeful environment. Sessions revolve around pragmatic approaches to strategically address and resolve issues clients bring to therapy.
Welcome to Symmetry Counseling. We are a group of mental health professionals located in Phoenix specializing in counseling, psychotherapy, and coaching for individuals, couples, and families. We chose the name Symmetry because the word evokes our goal to assist you in developing an ability to remain balanced and resilient under the forces of change. Our therapists provide a supportive, empathetic, and hopeful environment. Sessions revolve around pragmatic approaches to strategically address and resolve issues clients bring to therapy.
(480) 660-5776 View (480) 660-5776
Photo of Dania Demauro, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dania Demauro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
Are you looking for a compassionate and bilingual therapist who can assist you in your journey towards recovery, healing, and growth? Introducing Dania, a licensed clinical social worker who has been providing therapy since 2012. Fluent in both English and Spanish, Dania tailors her therapeutic approach to her Clients' needs, striking a balance between support, validation, and behavior change. Her objective is to make her Clients feel both heard and understood while imparting skills that can be put to therapeutic use.
Are you looking for a compassionate and bilingual therapist who can assist you in your journey towards recovery, healing, and growth? Introducing Dania, a licensed clinical social worker who has been providing therapy since 2012. Fluent in both English and Spanish, Dania tailors her therapeutic approach to her Clients' needs, striking a balance between support, validation, and behavior change. Her objective is to make her Clients feel both heard and understood while imparting skills that can be put to therapeutic use.
(623) 278-6912 View (623) 278-6912
Photo of Clarke Scott, MA, LPC, Counselor
Clarke Scott
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Have you ever experienced a difficulty that left you feeling isolated? Or a relationship that just didn’t make sense? These are all parts of being human but can leave us feeling unsettled, disconnected, confused, and hurt. I genuinely enjoy connecting with people, hearing their stories, and helping them through the hard times. Above all else, I find it important to create a safe space for my clients to feel secure enough to speak openly and show the more vulnerable parts of themselves. I do this by creating an environment of trust based on direct and authentic communication.
Have you ever experienced a difficulty that left you feeling isolated? Or a relationship that just didn’t make sense? These are all parts of being human but can leave us feeling unsettled, disconnected, confused, and hurt. I genuinely enjoy connecting with people, hearing their stories, and helping them through the hard times. Above all else, I find it important to create a safe space for my clients to feel secure enough to speak openly and show the more vulnerable parts of themselves. I do this by creating an environment of trust based on direct and authentic communication.
(480) 531-5951 View (480) 531-5951
Photo of Austin Obika - Birches Health, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Birches Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Are you worried about your gambling and unsure of where to turn for help? Birches Health is a gambling addiction specialist. Our providers have over 30 years in the field providing high quality problem gambling care individuals struggling with addiction and their loved ones. Our Clinical Director was awarded the first contract by the state of Arizona to work with problem gamblers, and to this day we remain contracted with the state to work with gamblers and affected persons across Arizona and the US.
Are you worried about your gambling and unsure of where to turn for help? Birches Health is a gambling addiction specialist. Our providers have over 30 years in the field providing high quality problem gambling care individuals struggling with addiction and their loved ones. Our Clinical Director was awarded the first contract by the state of Arizona to work with problem gamblers, and to this day we remain contracted with the state to work with gamblers and affected persons across Arizona and the US.
(928) 767-7501 View (928) 767-7501
Photo of Amber Block-Zambrano, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amber Block-Zambrano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Waitlist for new clients
My passion for service is especially directed at underrepresented communities (BIPOC, LGBTQIA+). I understand there is power in being heard, seen and validated and I pride myself in allowing my clients the space for that. I use a combination of Eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR), motivational interviewing (MI), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), solution focused therapy (SFT), and mindfulness to help people navigate trauma, anxiety, depression, self esteem, relationships, and other issues.
My passion for service is especially directed at underrepresented communities (BIPOC, LGBTQIA+). I understand there is power in being heard, seen and validated and I pride myself in allowing my clients the space for that. I use a combination of Eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR), motivational interviewing (MI), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), solution focused therapy (SFT), and mindfulness to help people navigate trauma, anxiety, depression, self esteem, relationships, and other issues.
(602) 833-4943 View (602) 833-4943
Photo of Makya Kirchner, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Makya Kirchner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Welcome, and thanks for stopping by. Life already has challenges so no need to make therapy another one. I strive to make therapy an enjoyable and fulfilling experience and meet clients where they are at in their healing journey. I moved across the country (Wisconsin to Arizona) and personally understand transitions can be difficult. I offer support with working through those tough times and learning how to cope if/when they show up.
Welcome, and thanks for stopping by. Life already has challenges so no need to make therapy another one. I strive to make therapy an enjoyable and fulfilling experience and meet clients where they are at in their healing journey. I moved across the country (Wisconsin to Arizona) and personally understand transitions can be difficult. I offer support with working through those tough times and learning how to cope if/when they show up.
(928) 569-6957 View (928) 569-6957
Photo of Jessica Skinner, LISAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Jessica Skinner
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LISAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
With more than twelve years of expertise as a Licensed Counselor specializing in mental health and addressing addictive behaviors, I am dedicated to offering compassionate and understanding support to those in need. My primary objective is to empower individuals to overcome their challenges and achieve lasting recovery through a personalized and comprehensive approach. I firmly believe in extending kindness and respect to each person, free from any judgment or societal stigma. My goal is to create a safe and nurturing environment where individuals can explore their underlying emotions and develop healthier coping strategies.
With more than twelve years of expertise as a Licensed Counselor specializing in mental health and addressing addictive behaviors, I am dedicated to offering compassionate and understanding support to those in need. My primary objective is to empower individuals to overcome their challenges and achieve lasting recovery through a personalized and comprehensive approach. I firmly believe in extending kindness and respect to each person, free from any judgment or societal stigma. My goal is to create a safe and nurturing environment where individuals can explore their underlying emotions and develop healthier coping strategies.
(928) 599-4940 View (928) 599-4940
Photo of Jodie Gonzalez, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jodie Gonzalez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Jodie Gonzalez is a Licensed Professional Counselor who has 9 years of experience in therapeutic models and over 17 years in the behavioral health profession. Jodie has an array of specialties, which include DBT, Trauma-informed care, CBT, existentialism and humanism approaches and modalities. She has a love for animals and holistic approaches allowing her to include many interventive avenues to healing. She is a life coach and a wellness coach as well who loves to serve the whole person, mind, body and spirit.
Jodie Gonzalez is a Licensed Professional Counselor who has 9 years of experience in therapeutic models and over 17 years in the behavioral health profession. Jodie has an array of specialties, which include DBT, Trauma-informed care, CBT, existentialism and humanism approaches and modalities. She has a love for animals and holistic approaches allowing her to include many interventive avenues to healing. She is a life coach and a wellness coach as well who loves to serve the whole person, mind, body and spirit.
(928) 968-8645 View (928) 968-8645
Photo of Carrie Christiansen, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Carrie Christiansen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
People often say they find it easy to connect with me and I believe that comes from my ability to truly empathize with others. I’ve had some significant struggles in life and I’ve worked through many challenges, so I understand adversity. Receiving my own therapy throughout the years has given me the support and help I needed to move forward and grow. I strive to provide the same compassionate support to my clients in therapy. I am committed to helping you along your journey by providing regular support, feedback, and practical tools as well.
People often say they find it easy to connect with me and I believe that comes from my ability to truly empathize with others. I’ve had some significant struggles in life and I’ve worked through many challenges, so I understand adversity. Receiving my own therapy throughout the years has given me the support and help I needed to move forward and grow. I strive to provide the same compassionate support to my clients in therapy. I am committed to helping you along your journey by providing regular support, feedback, and practical tools as well.
(480) 339-0480 View (480) 339-0480
Photo of Dawna Snider, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dawna Snider
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
Are you stuck in fight or flight mode, dealing with the after-effects of trauma? Entrust your healing to a therapist well-trained in trauma recovery. I focus on safety, healing, and the connection between the mind and body. Using a holistic approach, I aim to alleviate the burden of trauma and help you regain control. I believe in creating an environment where you can feel safe to express your feelings and experiences.
Are you stuck in fight or flight mode, dealing with the after-effects of trauma? Entrust your healing to a therapist well-trained in trauma recovery. I focus on safety, healing, and the connection between the mind and body. Using a holistic approach, I aim to alleviate the burden of trauma and help you regain control. I believe in creating an environment where you can feel safe to express your feelings and experiences.
(928) 563-4327 View (928) 563-4327
Photo of Lynn Goodwin, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Lynn Goodwin
Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
I am licensed in Arizona and Pennsylvania. I offer online counseling for those who need convenience and flexibility. All individuals are uniquely gifted, have immeasurable purpose and value, and are all deserving of emotional, mental, and spiritual wellness. I also believe that wellness is a lifelong journey filled with opportunities for healing and growth. We all have the raw materials for an authentic life but sometimes we need help figuring out what that means for us.
I am licensed in Arizona and Pennsylvania. I offer online counseling for those who need convenience and flexibility. All individuals are uniquely gifted, have immeasurable purpose and value, and are all deserving of emotional, mental, and spiritual wellness. I also believe that wellness is a lifelong journey filled with opportunities for healing and growth. We all have the raw materials for an authentic life but sometimes we need help figuring out what that means for us.
(480) 680-9526 View (480) 680-9526
Photo of Deborah Weir, LPC, Counselor
Deborah Weir
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
I work with individuals and couples who want to actively create the lives or relationships they desire. By helping clients identify the blocks keeping them stuck, they are free to explore and experiment with more creative and effective ways of living. Group counseling can be especially helpful increasing self-awareness, creating support and experiencing validation.
I work with individuals and couples who want to actively create the lives or relationships they desire. By helping clients identify the blocks keeping them stuck, they are free to explore and experiment with more creative and effective ways of living. Group counseling can be especially helpful increasing self-awareness, creating support and experiencing validation.
(480) 685-5794 View (480) 685-5794
Photo of Lisa J. Cole - Lisa J. Cole, LPC, MC, LPC, Counselor
Lisa J. Cole, LPC
Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
I've been practicing in the Valley for over 23 years. My approach to therapy is humanistic/existential and strengths based which is individualized to meet the unique needs of the individual, couple or family. I have extensive experience working with individuals aged 11-85 in the forensic and private settings. I have morning, afternoon and evening appointments available. Rapport between you and your therapist is key...good luck with your search. All services are provided telemed via telephone or video. To request/schedule an appt. copy and paste this into your browser: www.therapyportal.com/p/lisajcole/
I've been practicing in the Valley for over 23 years. My approach to therapy is humanistic/existential and strengths based which is individualized to meet the unique needs of the individual, couple or family. I have extensive experience working with individuals aged 11-85 in the forensic and private settings. I have morning, afternoon and evening appointments available. Rapport between you and your therapist is key...good luck with your search. All services are provided telemed via telephone or video. To request/schedule an appt. copy and paste this into your browser: www.therapyportal.com/p/lisajcole/
(480) 420-9426 View (480) 420-9426

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 85004

100+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in 85004 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Depression
72% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Relationship Issues
66% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
64% Cigna and Evernorth
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 85004 see their clients

54% Online Only
46% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 85004?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.