Photo of Kim A Lundholm-Eades, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, SEP
Kim A Lundholm-Eades
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, SEP
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
I have over 30 years working in mental health and addiction. I work with individuals, couples, families, adolescents dealing with addiction, grief/loss, depression, anxiety, communication, boundaries, parenting, crisis intervention, trauma, relationship issues, women's issues, LGBLTQ+, work life issues and life transitions. I am strength based in my approach and strive to assist people to empower themselves and to have the courage to change the things they can. I have completed the three year intensive training in Somatic Experiencing (SE) qualifying me as a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner.
I have over 30 years working in mental health and addiction. I work with individuals, couples, families, adolescents dealing with addiction, grief/loss, depression, anxiety, communication, boundaries, parenting, crisis intervention, trauma, relationship issues, women's issues, LGBLTQ+, work life issues and life transitions. I am strength based in my approach and strive to assist people to empower themselves and to have the courage to change the things they can. I have completed the three year intensive training in Somatic Experiencing (SE) qualifying me as a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner.
(651) 400-8548 View (651) 400-8548
Photo of Cimena Gordon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, ESP
Cimena Gordon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, ESP
Verified Verified
Hugo, MN 55038
Through somatic work, trauma informed care, and an attachment based lens, I strive to provide a holistic, integrative approach to mental wellness allowing you to create positive healthy relationships in a new way. Since horses are sensitive to people’s emotions and reactions in their environment, they can help individuals practice self acceptance, self awareness, authenticity, and genuine connections.  Horses do not judge or blame, but are straightforward in their interactions. With the horses we will learn to rebuild some of the trust that has been lost along our life journey.
Through somatic work, trauma informed care, and an attachment based lens, I strive to provide a holistic, integrative approach to mental wellness allowing you to create positive healthy relationships in a new way. Since horses are sensitive to people’s emotions and reactions in their environment, they can help individuals practice self acceptance, self awareness, authenticity, and genuine connections.  Horses do not judge or blame, but are straightforward in their interactions. With the horses we will learn to rebuild some of the trust that has been lost along our life journey.
(651) 376-3470 View (651) 376-3470
Photo of Brittany Bennett, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brittany Bennett
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Brittany completed her Masters of Arts in Counseling and Psychology at Bethel University. She also received her Child and Adolescent certificate from Bethel University. She is working towards her license through the state of Minnesota as a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. She has experience in community based family and individual skills and therapy along with providing intensive foster care treatment. She also received additional training in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and has extensive experience in working with individuals and families that are affected by trauma.
Brittany completed her Masters of Arts in Counseling and Psychology at Bethel University. She also received her Child and Adolescent certificate from Bethel University. She is working towards her license through the state of Minnesota as a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. She has experience in community based family and individual skills and therapy along with providing intensive foster care treatment. She also received additional training in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and has extensive experience in working with individuals and families that are affected by trauma.
(651) 427-3332 View (651) 427-3332
Photo of Terri M Ulschmid, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Terri M Ulschmid
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Do you feel like you are in a pattern that appears to be repeating? Are you continuing to tell stories, and some can be painful to hold I work with people who experience stress and anxiety, grief and depression. We will do this by naming patterns and I will teach you how to regulate your emotions, learn how to communicate with others by standing up for yourself, and tolerate your emotions through difficult life events and stressful situations without making them worse.
Do you feel like you are in a pattern that appears to be repeating? Are you continuing to tell stories, and some can be painful to hold I work with people who experience stress and anxiety, grief and depression. We will do this by naming patterns and I will teach you how to regulate your emotions, learn how to communicate with others by standing up for yourself, and tolerate your emotions through difficult life events and stressful situations without making them worse.
(651) 538-1303 View (651) 538-1303
Photo of Danielle Carlson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Danielle Carlson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hugo, MN 55038
Waitlist for new clients
I have extensive experience helping clients with depression, anxiety, motivation, self-esteem, confidence, relationship issues, family conflicts as well as exploring gender and sexuality. I work to create an open and safe environment where clients can share their thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment. As a therapist, my goal is to work collaboratively with you to find solutions that work for you and help you discover your true potential in life.
I have extensive experience helping clients with depression, anxiety, motivation, self-esteem, confidence, relationship issues, family conflicts as well as exploring gender and sexuality. I work to create an open and safe environment where clients can share their thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment. As a therapist, my goal is to work collaboratively with you to find solutions that work for you and help you discover your true potential in life.
(651) 800-7523 View (651) 800-7523
Photo of William John Koski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LICSW, LCSW
William John Koski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Bill Koski, LICSW, offers compassionate and comprehensive mental health care to individuals and families across Minnesota. With over 15 years of experience, Bill brings hope, help, and healing to clients facing a variety of challenges. Specializing in working with children, teens, and adults, Bill provides individual, family, and couples therapy. His expertise spans ADHD, depression, anxiety, and trauma, with a strong focus on the unique needs of military families, veterans, and individuals navigating major life transitions.
Bill Koski, LICSW, offers compassionate and comprehensive mental health care to individuals and families across Minnesota. With over 15 years of experience, Bill brings hope, help, and healing to clients facing a variety of challenges. Specializing in working with children, teens, and adults, Bill provides individual, family, and couples therapy. His expertise spans ADHD, depression, anxiety, and trauma, with a strong focus on the unique needs of military families, veterans, and individuals navigating major life transitions.
(651) 467-5149 View (651) 467-5149
Photo of Heidi Spetzman, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MFT
Heidi Spetzman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Heidi received her master’s degree for Family Therapy at St. Mary’s University. She received her Bachelor of Arts Degree in Psychology Criminal Justice from University of Northwestern. She is working towards licensure through the state of Minnesota as a marriage and family therapist. Heidi has been a Clinical trainee for two years and is seeking licensure in 2023. She enjoys working with individuals, couples, and adolescents and has experience in working with individuals with developmental/ physical challenges. She utilizes a collaborative and Narrative approach when treating clients.
Heidi received her master’s degree for Family Therapy at St. Mary’s University. She received her Bachelor of Arts Degree in Psychology Criminal Justice from University of Northwestern. She is working towards licensure through the state of Minnesota as a marriage and family therapist. Heidi has been a Clinical trainee for two years and is seeking licensure in 2023. She enjoys working with individuals, couples, and adolescents and has experience in working with individuals with developmental/ physical challenges. She utilizes a collaborative and Narrative approach when treating clients.
(651) 390-1639 View (651) 390-1639
Trista Weber
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Trista Weber, LMFT, is a licensed marriage and family therapist serving individuals across Minnesota through LifeStance Health. She is dedicated to helping adults and seniors navigate life s complexities with a compassionate, clientcentered approach. Whether addressing anxiety, ADHD, or relationship issues, Trista focuses on building trust and fostering a nonjudgmental environment where clients can explore their thoughts and emotions safely and openly. Trista is particularly skilled at supporting clients through significant life transitions, including midlife and later life changes.
Trista Weber, LMFT, is a licensed marriage and family therapist serving individuals across Minnesota through LifeStance Health. She is dedicated to helping adults and seniors navigate life s complexities with a compassionate, clientcentered approach. Whether addressing anxiety, ADHD, or relationship issues, Trista focuses on building trust and fostering a nonjudgmental environment where clients can explore their thoughts and emotions safely and openly. Trista is particularly skilled at supporting clients through significant life transitions, including midlife and later life changes.
(651) 677-2606 View (651) 677-2606
Photo of Meghan Swenson, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Meghan Swenson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Meghan completed her Master of Arts Degree in Marriage and Family Therapy at St. Mary's University, and has been licensed through the state of Minnesota as a marriage and family therapist since 2011. She has also been working as a Registered Play Therapist since 2011. Meghan also completed a graduate certificate at the University of Minnesota in Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health. Meghan is also trained in Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) and Child Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), both are evidence based therapies for children age 3-6 with behavioral concerns (PCIT) and birth-three with traumatic exposure (CPP).
Meghan completed her Master of Arts Degree in Marriage and Family Therapy at St. Mary's University, and has been licensed through the state of Minnesota as a marriage and family therapist since 2011. She has also been working as a Registered Play Therapist since 2011. Meghan also completed a graduate certificate at the University of Minnesota in Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health. Meghan is also trained in Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) and Child Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), both are evidence based therapies for children age 3-6 with behavioral concerns (PCIT) and birth-three with traumatic exposure (CPP).
(651) 401-7961 View (651) 401-7961
Photo of Kasey Reichow, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LMFT
Kasey Reichow
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Kasey Reichow has her Master of Arts degree in Marriage and Family Therapy, in which she received from Bethel Seminary. She specializes in couples issues, adoption/foster care, women s issues, and family work. Kasey works with clients between the ages of 6 and 65+, and she has experience working with children, adolescents, individuals, families, and couples. Kasey utilizes a holistic approach to therapy including person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, attachment, and trauma-informed therapeutic techniques to meet the unique needs of each client.
Kasey Reichow has her Master of Arts degree in Marriage and Family Therapy, in which she received from Bethel Seminary. She specializes in couples issues, adoption/foster care, women s issues, and family work. Kasey works with clients between the ages of 6 and 65+, and she has experience working with children, adolescents, individuals, families, and couples. Kasey utilizes a holistic approach to therapy including person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, attachment, and trauma-informed therapeutic techniques to meet the unique needs of each client.
(651) 867-4303 View (651) 867-4303
Photo of Eliana Grung, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPCC
Eliana Grung
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Eliana Grung is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor at LifeStance Health, dedicated to helping children and adolescents in Minnesota navigate emotional and behavioral challenges. She provides compassionate, evidence-based therapy to support young clients dealing with ADHD, anxiety, childhood behavioral issues, depression, PTSD, and school avoidance. By fostering a safe and understanding environment, Eliana empowers children and their families to build resilience and develop skills that promote emotional well-being.
Eliana Grung is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor at LifeStance Health, dedicated to helping children and adolescents in Minnesota navigate emotional and behavioral challenges. She provides compassionate, evidence-based therapy to support young clients dealing with ADHD, anxiety, childhood behavioral issues, depression, PTSD, and school avoidance. By fostering a safe and understanding environment, Eliana empowers children and their families to build resilience and develop skills that promote emotional well-being.
(651) 564-8080 View (651) 564-8080
Photo of Torrie Crider, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Torrie Crider
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with all stressors, disorders and issues no matter how big or small. I don't have an ideal client because I really enjoy working with people of all walks of life. I want to help you establish goals and together we will achieve them. I specialize in children, adolescents and early childhood. I work with telehealth (video sessions).
I enjoy working with all stressors, disorders and issues no matter how big or small. I don't have an ideal client because I really enjoy working with people of all walks of life. I want to help you establish goals and together we will achieve them. I specialize in children, adolescents and early childhood. I work with telehealth (video sessions).
(651) 419-4907 View (651) 419-4907
Photo of Steven Clark, Pre-Licensed Professional
Steven Clark
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Steven completed his Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy from Adler Graduate School and is pursuing licensure through the state of Minnesota as a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. Steven enjoys working with individuals and families, and has extensive experience working with child/adolescent populations. Steven takes a holistic approach to therapy and works with clients on a variety of issues.
Steven completed his Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy from Adler Graduate School and is pursuing licensure through the state of Minnesota as a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. Steven enjoys working with individuals and families, and has extensive experience working with child/adolescent populations. Steven takes a holistic approach to therapy and works with clients on a variety of issues.
(651) 615-2029 View (651) 615-2029
Photo of Adam Palowski, Counselor, MS, LPCC
Adam Palowski
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Your family's story is unique, and your voices deserve to be heard. If you're seeking a therapist who not only listens but also deeply understands, let's connect. Reach out through a call or email, and together, let's explore the path to healing and growth that best fits your family's narrative. Working with a skilled therapist (who is also a father) can offer you and your family hope.
Your family's story is unique, and your voices deserve to be heard. If you're seeking a therapist who not only listens but also deeply understands, let's connect. Reach out through a call or email, and together, let's explore the path to healing and growth that best fits your family's narrative. Working with a skilled therapist (who is also a father) can offer you and your family hope.
(651) 349-4916 View (651) 349-4916
Photo of Christina Owens, Counselor, LPCC
Christina Owens
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Christina Owens is a Licensed Alcohol and Drug and Licensed Professional Counselor who has been practicing since 2018. She graduated from the University of Minnesota with a Master's degree in Integrated Behavioral Health. Christina utilizes a holistic approach to therapy that is strengths-based, person-centered and draws from various aspects of several evidence-based therapies (Cognitive Behavioral, Dialectical Behavior, Acceptance and Commitment, Exposure and Solution Focused) to meet each individual client's needs and goals.
Christina Owens is a Licensed Alcohol and Drug and Licensed Professional Counselor who has been practicing since 2018. She graduated from the University of Minnesota with a Master's degree in Integrated Behavioral Health. Christina utilizes a holistic approach to therapy that is strengths-based, person-centered and draws from various aspects of several evidence-based therapies (Cognitive Behavioral, Dialectical Behavior, Acceptance and Commitment, Exposure and Solution Focused) to meet each individual client's needs and goals.
(651) 571-9974 View (651) 571-9974
Photo of Christin Oien, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Christin Oien
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Centerville, MN 55038
Christin received her Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy from Bethel Seminary and is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist through the state of Minnesota. She has 10+ years of working with students and families in various contexts including church, mentorships and CTSS skills. Christin uses a holistic approach to make connections between past and present experiences, while offering a variety of strategies to deal with current symptoms. Christin enjoys helping her clients learn about their own mental health and find healthy coping strategies they can feel confident using.
Christin received her Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy from Bethel Seminary and is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist through the state of Minnesota. She has 10+ years of working with students and families in various contexts including church, mentorships and CTSS skills. Christin uses a holistic approach to make connections between past and present experiences, while offering a variety of strategies to deal with current symptoms. Christin enjoys helping her clients learn about their own mental health and find healthy coping strategies they can feel confident using.
(651) 390-1253 View (651) 390-1253
Photo of Veronica L. Senkyr, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Veronica L. Senkyr
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am currently only providing online therapy through Therapy Notes a HIPPA compliant platform. As a strength based systemic family therapist, I believe in looking at the whole person not just the "issues or labels" clients are struggling with when they seek out therapy. My approach explores the emotional, physical, behavioral, relational, cultural and spiritual aspects of clients lives that interfere and/or enhance quality of life.
I am currently only providing online therapy through Therapy Notes a HIPPA compliant platform. As a strength based systemic family therapist, I believe in looking at the whole person not just the "issues or labels" clients are struggling with when they seek out therapy. My approach explores the emotional, physical, behavioral, relational, cultural and spiritual aspects of clients lives that interfere and/or enhance quality of life.
(651) 760-7201 View (651) 760-7201
Photo of Megan Gruhlke, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, BA
Megan Gruhlke
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, BA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hugo, MN 55038
I believe as humans we have an incredible ability to cope, find ways to heal, and develop new ways of relating to one another, and I am here to support you on that journey. I aim to meet you where you are without judgment so we can find tools together. Whether you’re dealing with conflict in your relationships, feeling overwhelmed with stress, having a faith crisis, or learning to breathe again after a traumatic event, you deserve to find balance and wholeness again.
I believe as humans we have an incredible ability to cope, find ways to heal, and develop new ways of relating to one another, and I am here to support you on that journey. I aim to meet you where you are without judgment so we can find tools together. Whether you’re dealing with conflict in your relationships, feeling overwhelmed with stress, having a faith crisis, or learning to breathe again after a traumatic event, you deserve to find balance and wholeness again.
(651) 412-3565 View (651) 412-3565
Photo of Adam Retterath, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Adam Retterath
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hugo, MN 55038
Not accepting new clients
While I like working with all types of clients, I particularly enjoy working with couples as well as individuals struggling with anger. If you are an angry person yourself or you have an angry teen that needs someone to talk to (that isn't their parent), I'm ready to listen and help. For couple's therapy, I follow the Gottman theory rather closely. Issues I can help with are broad, but cover general intimacy, infidelity, communication struggles, and so on.
While I like working with all types of clients, I particularly enjoy working with couples as well as individuals struggling with anger. If you are an angry person yourself or you have an angry teen that needs someone to talk to (that isn't their parent), I'm ready to listen and help. For couple's therapy, I follow the Gottman theory rather closely. Issues I can help with are broad, but cover general intimacy, infidelity, communication struggles, and so on.
(651) 376-2275 View (651) 376-2275
Photo of Deanna L Towns, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCS-NC, LPCC-MN, NCC
Deanna L Towns
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCS-NC, LPCC-MN, NCC
Verified Verified
Hugo, MN 55038
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, it is my goal to compassionately connect with clients and hear their stories. I will help clients identify personal strengths, define desired changes, and create an individualized plan to move toward health and wholeness. My clientele include families, couples, adults, adolescents, and children. I address trauma, sexual and emotional abuse, eating disorders, self-harm, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, communication issues, forgiveness, shame, cross-cultural stress & adjustment, ministry stress, and premarital counseling (using Prepare/Enrich).
As a therapist, it is my goal to compassionately connect with clients and hear their stories. I will help clients identify personal strengths, define desired changes, and create an individualized plan to move toward health and wholeness. My clientele include families, couples, adults, adolescents, and children. I address trauma, sexual and emotional abuse, eating disorders, self-harm, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, communication issues, forgiveness, shame, cross-cultural stress & adjustment, ministry stress, and premarital counseling (using Prepare/Enrich).
(919) 648-1218 View (919) 648-1218
1

See more therapy options for 55038

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 55038

30+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in 55038 who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Grief
76% Trauma and PTSD
68% Relationship Issues
68% Life Transitions
58% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
89% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
86% Optum

How Therapists in 55038 see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 55038?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.