Therapists in Lakeland, FL

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Photo of Sage Kirk - The Sage Counseling Center, LMHC, Counselor
The Sage Counseling Center
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lakeland, FL 33813
Welcome! I’m so glad you found us and you’re here. We are radically honest therapists. At The Sage Counseling Center we are real people for real change. No judgment, no hidden agenda. We don’t sit behind a wall and you wonder if you’re being heard yet again. No! We believe in active, direct, and honest conversations and tools that help you live your best life. Counseling can work for what you’re going through because it’s worked for us too. That’s why we believe in it and dedicate our lives to its practice. At The Sage Counseling Center we are real people for real change.
Welcome! I’m so glad you found us and you’re here. We are radically honest therapists. At The Sage Counseling Center we are real people for real change. No judgment, no hidden agenda. We don’t sit behind a wall and you wonder if you’re being heard yet again. No! We believe in active, direct, and honest conversations and tools that help you live your best life. Counseling can work for what you’re going through because it’s worked for us too. That’s why we believe in it and dedicate our lives to its practice. At The Sage Counseling Center we are real people for real change.
(863) 766-1734 View (863) 766-1734
Photo of Andrew Bostrom, MA, RMHCI
Andrew Bostrom
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MA, RMHCI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33801
Are you a young adult or a parent of a teen who is feeling overwhelmed in life? I am here to help! My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental space where my clients can begin to experience growth and freedom. I counsel from a Christian worldview and integrate elements of various theories into my counseling to fit each of my client’s unique needs.
Are you a young adult or a parent of a teen who is feeling overwhelmed in life? I am here to help! My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental space where my clients can begin to experience growth and freedom. I counsel from a Christian worldview and integrate elements of various theories into my counseling to fit each of my client’s unique needs.
(863) 204-0473 View (863) 204-0473
Photo of Dr. Sally Stader, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Sally Stader
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33813
Life presents many complexities and unknowns, which can cause us to question ourselves and our decisions. We may feel a crisis of meaning, and irritable reaching for clarity and peace. My practice consists of adults who experience depression, anxiety, or relational problems that can result from these struggles with life meaning. I am accepting new patients for psychoanalysis. This approach honors the wisdom of the inner world to find a sense of peace and acceptance for the outer world. It requires a commitment to honesty, truth, and personal responsibility. I am also a Florida qualified supervisor for counselors and postdocs.
Life presents many complexities and unknowns, which can cause us to question ourselves and our decisions. We may feel a crisis of meaning, and irritable reaching for clarity and peace. My practice consists of adults who experience depression, anxiety, or relational problems that can result from these struggles with life meaning. I am accepting new patients for psychoanalysis. This approach honors the wisdom of the inner world to find a sense of peace and acceptance for the outer world. It requires a commitment to honesty, truth, and personal responsibility. I am also a Florida qualified supervisor for counselors and postdocs.
(863) 624-3155 View (863) 624-3155
Photo of Gary Sawyer, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Gary Sawyer
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33801
I Counsel from a Biblical worldview to help a variety of people who have been broken and challenged by the trials of life. I am a member of Focus on The Family's Christian Counselors Network. My 30 years in the business world, community and church service have prepared me to care for individuals in a particularly personal way. Life can be very hard, disappointing and messy! Guiding people back to a path of healing, hope, and fulfillment is something I am very passionate about !
I Counsel from a Biblical worldview to help a variety of people who have been broken and challenged by the trials of life. I am a member of Focus on The Family's Christian Counselors Network. My 30 years in the business world, community and church service have prepared me to care for individuals in a particularly personal way. Life can be very hard, disappointing and messy! Guiding people back to a path of healing, hope, and fulfillment is something I am very passionate about !
(813) 364-0812 View (813) 364-0812
Photo of Dainery M Fuentes - Dainery M. Fuentes Ph.D., PhD, Psychologist
Dainery M. Fuentes Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Lakeland, FL 33813
Dr. Dainery Fuentes is a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in psychotherapy with children, adolescents, and their parents. In addition, she also treats individual adults. She assists in the process of exploring and building the inner strength to allow for the growth that is necessary to transition successfully through the stages of life. Dr. Fuentes completed her Ph.D. at Yeshiva University, NYC. During her 35 years of practice, she has additionally trained in a number of areas including psychoanalytic therapy at the Cincinnati Institute. She has directed numerous psychiatric facilities and doctoral training programs.
Dr. Dainery Fuentes is a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in psychotherapy with children, adolescents, and their parents. In addition, she also treats individual adults. She assists in the process of exploring and building the inner strength to allow for the growth that is necessary to transition successfully through the stages of life. Dr. Fuentes completed her Ph.D. at Yeshiva University, NYC. During her 35 years of practice, she has additionally trained in a number of areas including psychoanalytic therapy at the Cincinnati Institute. She has directed numerous psychiatric facilities and doctoral training programs.
(863) 313-1183 View (863) 313-1183
Photo of Arlene Hunt, LMHC, Counselor
Arlene Hunt
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33803
Congratulations, you have taken the first step towards healing. Sometimes life can become complicated causing you to feel overwhelmed with distressful emotions. When it affects your work, relationships and your self-esteem, you realize it's time to get help. I offer a non-judgmental and empathetic approach so we can build a relationship that will help me gain an understanding of your problems, feelings, hopes and fears. We will work together to find a satisfactory resolution. I have worked with clients who suffered from depression, anxiety, grief/loss, guilt/shame, trauma, medical issues, and relationship issues.
Congratulations, you have taken the first step towards healing. Sometimes life can become complicated causing you to feel overwhelmed with distressful emotions. When it affects your work, relationships and your self-esteem, you realize it's time to get help. I offer a non-judgmental and empathetic approach so we can build a relationship that will help me gain an understanding of your problems, feelings, hopes and fears. We will work together to find a satisfactory resolution. I have worked with clients who suffered from depression, anxiety, grief/loss, guilt/shame, trauma, medical issues, and relationship issues.
(863) 509-5987 View (863) 509-5987
Photo of Keith Walmsley, LMHC, Counselor
Keith Walmsley
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33813  (Online Only)
Hopeless, lifeless, lack of care or desire. Broken, lonely, guilty, stuck. If you are feeling this way and you are looking for peace and freedom, you have already began the process to finding it. Whether it's individual struggles, or struggles in relationships, I would be honored to join you on your journey to healing and freedom.
Hopeless, lifeless, lack of care or desire. Broken, lonely, guilty, stuck. If you are feeling this way and you are looking for peace and freedom, you have already began the process to finding it. Whether it's individual struggles, or struggles in relationships, I would be honored to join you on your journey to healing and freedom.
(863) 474-2837 View (863) 474-2837
Photo of Julianne Shabetai, LMHC, Counselor
Julianne Shabetai
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lakeland, FL 33805
Hi there! I'm Julianne, I love helping kids, teens, and young adults work through anxiety, depression, and life stressors better so they can thrive in young adulthood. I decided to become a counselor to help young people navigate through life easier. I understand how hard it can be to want to find a reliable support system but don't know where to turn. That's why I chose to dedicate my life to create a safe space for young people to do just that. My focus is on using a whole-person approach to managing anxiety, tackling depression, and move through life stressors better.
Hi there! I'm Julianne, I love helping kids, teens, and young adults work through anxiety, depression, and life stressors better so they can thrive in young adulthood. I decided to become a counselor to help young people navigate through life easier. I understand how hard it can be to want to find a reliable support system but don't know where to turn. That's why I chose to dedicate my life to create a safe space for young people to do just that. My focus is on using a whole-person approach to managing anxiety, tackling depression, and move through life stressors better.
(863) 250-7779 View (863) 250-7779
Photo of Christy McElroy, PsyD, LMHC, Counselor
Christy McElroy
Counselor, PsyD, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33813  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is integrative and geared toward each individual’s specific needs. I have worked in several outpatient and inpatient settings in primary care facilities providing services for children, teens, young adults and families, as well as adults. My aim is to help people of all ages feel more in control, resourceful and self- assured.
My approach to therapy is integrative and geared toward each individual’s specific needs. I have worked in several outpatient and inpatient settings in primary care facilities providing services for children, teens, young adults and families, as well as adults. My aim is to help people of all ages feel more in control, resourceful and self- assured.
(813) 694-3152 View (813) 694-3152
Photo of Meghan Chandler, MSW
Meghan Chandler
Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33803
Are you feeling anxious, struggling with a life transition, or frustratingly overwhelmed with life in general? Life can certainly be challenging, exhausting and isolating, but the beautiful thing is that it doesn’t have to. I’m so glad you are here reading this; it means you are considering getting help and seeking guidance. I’d be honored to work alongside you to help you become the best version of yourself. Together we will navigate your storm, whatever it may be, from relationship troubles to seemingly insurmountable challenges.
Are you feeling anxious, struggling with a life transition, or frustratingly overwhelmed with life in general? Life can certainly be challenging, exhausting and isolating, but the beautiful thing is that it doesn’t have to. I’m so glad you are here reading this; it means you are considering getting help and seeking guidance. I’d be honored to work alongside you to help you become the best version of yourself. Together we will navigate your storm, whatever it may be, from relationship troubles to seemingly insurmountable challenges.
(863) 310-1297 View (863) 310-1297
Photo of Rachel E. Lawley, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Rachel E. Lawley
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33813
The human experience isn't always an easy one. In fact, it's most often challenging and requires growth and change. My goal is to work with you to develop the tools necessary for the growth you seek. We all require support at times in our lives and it has always been my passion to help others. I feel confident that I can be that support for you. It takes courage to ask for help, but the rewards can last a lifetime.
The human experience isn't always an easy one. In fact, it's most often challenging and requires growth and change. My goal is to work with you to develop the tools necessary for the growth you seek. We all require support at times in our lives and it has always been my passion to help others. I feel confident that I can be that support for you. It takes courage to ask for help, but the rewards can last a lifetime.
(863) 323-8703 View (863) 323-8703
Photo of Gina Claxton - Qualified Lcsw Supervisor, LCSW, CEAP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gina Claxton - Qualified Lcsw Supervisor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEAP
Verified Verified
Lakeland, FL 33815
Hey there! My name is Gina Claxton and I have been working as a counselor/therapist for over 10 years. I work in private practice and I am also a professor at a local university where I help graduate students become counselors themselves. My counseling style is warm, client-focused and non-judgmental. I aim to create a comfortable and safe space for my clients, where they can express themselves without fear of being judged.
Hey there! My name is Gina Claxton and I have been working as a counselor/therapist for over 10 years. I work in private practice and I am also a professor at a local university where I help graduate students become counselors themselves. My counseling style is warm, client-focused and non-judgmental. I aim to create a comfortable and safe space for my clients, where they can express themselves without fear of being judged.
(863) 578-6468 View (863) 578-6468
Photo of Melissa Wallace, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Wallace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33803  (Online Only)
Do you or someone you know need an unbiased person to listen to your current stressors, help you work through trauma, or assist you with reaching other goals/life changes? If so, you've come to the right place! I welcome everyone with unconditional positive regard into a judgement free zone as we work to address unwanted thoughts and behaviors in attempt to meet goals and desired outcomes. I take a gentle, solution focused approach to help you find the answers you are looking for.
Do you or someone you know need an unbiased person to listen to your current stressors, help you work through trauma, or assist you with reaching other goals/life changes? If so, you've come to the right place! I welcome everyone with unconditional positive regard into a judgement free zone as we work to address unwanted thoughts and behaviors in attempt to meet goals and desired outcomes. I take a gentle, solution focused approach to help you find the answers you are looking for.
(863) 563-6351 View (863) 563-6351
Photo of Rachel Mottern, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Mottern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33811  (Online Only)
Virtual Appointments Only. Are you a young adult female (18-30) looking to start therapy? As a therapist, I am warm, open, encouraging, and easy to talk to. I wholeheartedly believe in the ability to change regardless of life circumstances. Our sessions will be filled with humor, empathy, and compassion as we focus on making progress towards your desired outcome. My main focus is for my clients to feel safe, heard, understood, and respected. You are the expert on your experience, and I will work with you to navigate challenges, heal from pain and trauma, and offer insight from a therapeutic perspective.
Virtual Appointments Only. Are you a young adult female (18-30) looking to start therapy? As a therapist, I am warm, open, encouraging, and easy to talk to. I wholeheartedly believe in the ability to change regardless of life circumstances. Our sessions will be filled with humor, empathy, and compassion as we focus on making progress towards your desired outcome. My main focus is for my clients to feel safe, heard, understood, and respected. You are the expert on your experience, and I will work with you to navigate challenges, heal from pain and trauma, and offer insight from a therapeutic perspective.
(863) 474-5479 View (863) 474-5479
Photo of Desiree Meaton-Francisco - Desiree Meaton-Francisco, LMHC, LLC., LMHC, MCAP, QS, CTP, Counselor
Desiree Meaton-Francisco, LMHC, LLC.
Counselor, LMHC, MCAP, QS, CTP
Verified Verified
Lakeland, FL 33809  (Online Only)
My counseling style is warm and approachable. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I don't believe in stigmatizing labels. My specialty has been working with children, adolescents, and adults who have complex trauma that stem from abuse, neglect, or other life events. I have also worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, addiction, coping with the pandemic, relationship issues, parenting challenges, childhood trauma, career challenges, adjustment to life changes, women's issues, family conflict and grief/loss.
My counseling style is warm and approachable. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I don't believe in stigmatizing labels. My specialty has been working with children, adolescents, and adults who have complex trauma that stem from abuse, neglect, or other life events. I have also worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, addiction, coping with the pandemic, relationship issues, parenting challenges, childhood trauma, career challenges, adjustment to life changes, women's issues, family conflict and grief/loss.
(863) 204-0224 View (863) 204-0224
Photo of Grace Guffey, MA, LMHC, LPC, QS, Counselor
Grace Guffey
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPC, QS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33804  (Online Only)
Attachment trauma affects how you connect with others and disrupts your ability to have healthy relationships. Maybe you grew up in dysfunction and get stuck in abusive relationships or maybe you settle for less than the bare minimum. It's a cycle that reinforces a false notion that you are unworthy of healthy relationships. Let's break that cycle. You can heal. You can value yourself and have relationships that are safe and healthy. You are worthy of that. Let me show you how.
Attachment trauma affects how you connect with others and disrupts your ability to have healthy relationships. Maybe you grew up in dysfunction and get stuck in abusive relationships or maybe you settle for less than the bare minimum. It's a cycle that reinforces a false notion that you are unworthy of healthy relationships. Let's break that cycle. You can heal. You can value yourself and have relationships that are safe and healthy. You are worthy of that. Let me show you how.
(407) 250-7867 View (407) 250-7867
Photo of Marah McAleer, LMHC, LMFT, Counselor
Marah McAleer
Counselor, LMHC, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33810
I take a non-judgemental and collaborative approach to mental health. Therapy should be accessible and comfortable for everyone, and as such, I promote LGBTQ + equality, support all expressions of gender identity, and believe in body positivity and Health At Every Size (HAES). I believe that each person is the expert of their own life- and it’s a privilege to be a part of your journey and recovery. Therapy is right for anyone who is interested in getting more out of life by taking responsibility, enhancing self-awareness, and working toward change.
I take a non-judgemental and collaborative approach to mental health. Therapy should be accessible and comfortable for everyone, and as such, I promote LGBTQ + equality, support all expressions of gender identity, and believe in body positivity and Health At Every Size (HAES). I believe that each person is the expert of their own life- and it’s a privilege to be a part of your journey and recovery. Therapy is right for anyone who is interested in getting more out of life by taking responsibility, enhancing self-awareness, and working toward change.
(863) 563-5796 View (863) 563-5796
Photo of Yilmaz Taskin - ABC Mental Health & Relationship Counseling, MA, LMHC, MFT, Counselor
ABC Mental Health & Relationship Counseling
Counselor, MA, LMHC, MFT
Verified Verified
Lakeland, FL 33813
As a certified Marriage & Family Therapist and a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, I offer an open-minded, non-judgmental, and empathetic counseling/therapy approach in a safe and supportive environment. Some problems, in our lives, are either self-imposed or imposed on us by other means. What we perceive might be different than reality. Negative beliefs affect us mentally and physically. Misinterpretations and irrational or self-defeating beliefs can create unhappy feelings, self-doubt, stress, depression, anxiety, relationship problems, etc. Problems don’t go away by themselves; we need to resolve them.
As a certified Marriage & Family Therapist and a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, I offer an open-minded, non-judgmental, and empathetic counseling/therapy approach in a safe and supportive environment. Some problems, in our lives, are either self-imposed or imposed on us by other means. What we perceive might be different than reality. Negative beliefs affect us mentally and physically. Misinterpretations and irrational or self-defeating beliefs can create unhappy feelings, self-doubt, stress, depression, anxiety, relationship problems, etc. Problems don’t go away by themselves; we need to resolve them.
(863) 397-3240 View (863) 397-3240
Photo of Araceli Gauna-Scattolini, LMHC, PMH-C, NCC
Araceli Gauna-Scattolini
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, PMH-C, NCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33803
Not accepting new clients
PSA: I am accepting clients for my FREE Support Groups! I am a bilingual therapist with experience working with children as young as 10 years old, adolescents, and adults. My approach to counseling is client-centered and collaborative, meaning that you are involved in every aspect of your treatment, and we work as a team to help you reach your goals. One of my biggest passions is advocating for the LGBTQ+ community. Part of my advocacy efforts include a FREE queer support group for high school teens.
PSA: I am accepting clients for my FREE Support Groups! I am a bilingual therapist with experience working with children as young as 10 years old, adolescents, and adults. My approach to counseling is client-centered and collaborative, meaning that you are involved in every aspect of your treatment, and we work as a team to help you reach your goals. One of my biggest passions is advocating for the LGBTQ+ community. Part of my advocacy efforts include a FREE queer support group for high school teens.
(863) 267-8432 View (863) 267-8432
Photo of Aggie Derico Salary - Crossroads Assessment Center, PsyS, LSP
Crossroads Assessment Center
PsyS, LSP
Verified Verified
Lakeland, FL 33813
Testing for Gifted, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) / Academic Problems, Attentional Concerns or Hyperactivity / ADHD, and School Readiness are assessments completed by Crossroads Assessment Center. We aid parents with the initial phase in improving learning disparities their children may be experiencing in the school and in th home environments. This is accomplished by assisting parents in recognizing and understanding the cause for their children's difficulty through the administering of assessment measures that target specific areas based on the nature and needs of each individual child.
Testing for Gifted, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) / Academic Problems, Attentional Concerns or Hyperactivity / ADHD, and School Readiness are assessments completed by Crossroads Assessment Center. We aid parents with the initial phase in improving learning disparities their children may be experiencing in the school and in th home environments. This is accomplished by assisting parents in recognizing and understanding the cause for their children's difficulty through the administering of assessment measures that target specific areas based on the nature and needs of each individual child.
(863) 292-6848 View (863) 292-6848
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lakeland, FL

200+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Lakeland, FL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
66% Stress
64% Relationship Issues
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
89% Cigna and Evernorth
88% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Lakeland, FL see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lakeland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.