Therapists in 23223
![Photo of Tiquana Hill, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2256ea73-a53b-4050-bfeb-49622caa3c36/1/320x400.jpeg)
Tiquana Hill
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23223 (Online Only)
My name is Tiquana Hill and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia and Texas with approximately 10 years of experience providing mental health services to adults, adolescents and children in a variety of settings. I have 4 years of experience providing outpatient therapy to adults and adolescents. I have experience with a variety of stressors including family trauma, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem/ self-image, career development, romantic/pre-marital, PTSD/Trauma, lack of communication and several other undesirable behaviors that may effect your daily living. Check out my website peacementalhealthservices.com
My name is Tiquana Hill and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia and Texas with approximately 10 years of experience providing mental health services to adults, adolescents and children in a variety of settings. I have 4 years of experience providing outpatient therapy to adults and adolescents. I have experience with a variety of stressors including family trauma, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem/ self-image, career development, romantic/pre-marital, PTSD/Trauma, lack of communication and several other undesirable behaviors that may effect your daily living. Check out my website peacementalhealthservices.com
![Photo of Tonya Beers-Warman, MA, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2d87d631-b34a-4451-ba30-e24f9a89feab/2/320x400.jpeg)
Tonya Beers-Warman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23223
Waitlist for new clients
Being human isn’t easy. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, or chronic stress; giving yourself the gift of therapy is a great first step. Life's stresses, unresolved childhood experiences, and trauma can leave you feeling overwhelmed, numb, and disconnected from yourself, others, and life itself. Shifting from self-judgement and shame to a place of curiosity and compassion is key. My goal is to create a safe environment where you can reconnect and gain a better understanding of your thoughts and behaviors as well as the life experiences that made you, uniquely YOU!
Being human isn’t easy. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, or chronic stress; giving yourself the gift of therapy is a great first step. Life's stresses, unresolved childhood experiences, and trauma can leave you feeling overwhelmed, numb, and disconnected from yourself, others, and life itself. Shifting from self-judgement and shame to a place of curiosity and compassion is key. My goal is to create a safe environment where you can reconnect and gain a better understanding of your thoughts and behaviors as well as the life experiences that made you, uniquely YOU!
![Photo of Edythe Bouldin, MS, MA, PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/40ea0206-1e0f-4b8e-91e7-44858ac974c2/3/320x400.jpeg)
Hello! Are you looking to experience therapy and have fun at the same time. If so, you have found the right therapist as I love humor and I am down to earth. My history of mental health counseling includes over 7 years of working with individuals, families, and children from many diverse backgrounds and I earned a PhD in human services with a concentration on family interventions and family studies. I am a therapist who provides a comfortable, safe environment where you can trust me to maintain professional boundaries, and support you with making healthy decisions as you move forward in life.
Hello! Are you looking to experience therapy and have fun at the same time. If so, you have found the right therapist as I love humor and I am down to earth. My history of mental health counseling includes over 7 years of working with individuals, families, and children from many diverse backgrounds and I earned a PhD in human services with a concentration on family interventions and family studies. I am a therapist who provides a comfortable, safe environment where you can trust me to maintain professional boundaries, and support you with making healthy decisions as you move forward in life.
![Photo of Cheryl Colt, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a63e1029-d278-4802-9d4c-39eab602cdaa/3/320x400.jpeg)
Cheryl Colt is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who specializes in anxiety, depression, grief, anger management, and domestic violence. Cheryl has over 10 years of experience as an LPC working with individuals, couples, and families. Her pastoral background also enables her to support clients using their spiritual resources.
Cheryl Colt is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who specializes in anxiety, depression, grief, anger management, and domestic violence. Cheryl has over 10 years of experience as an LPC working with individuals, couples, and families. Her pastoral background also enables her to support clients using their spiritual resources.
![Photo of Laura E. Wagner, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4b1c5e1e-0942-4dd6-8031-b616e0057404/3/320x400.jpeg)
I primarily provide Telehealth services and limited face to face. I am a Licensed Clinical psychologist who completed clinical training at Duke University, Harvard Medical School's Victims of Violence Program and at the University of Massachusetts and UNC-Chapel Hill. I provide highly specialized treatments for traumatic stress (posttraumatic stress disorders), grief/loss, major depression, anxiety and relationship issues. I am trained in highly specialized, evidenced-based therapies that have scientific research supporting their efficacy. I have also worked extensively with veterans, students and physicians coping with burnout.
I primarily provide Telehealth services and limited face to face. I am a Licensed Clinical psychologist who completed clinical training at Duke University, Harvard Medical School's Victims of Violence Program and at the University of Massachusetts and UNC-Chapel Hill. I provide highly specialized treatments for traumatic stress (posttraumatic stress disorders), grief/loss, major depression, anxiety and relationship issues. I am trained in highly specialized, evidenced-based therapies that have scientific research supporting their efficacy. I have also worked extensively with veterans, students and physicians coping with burnout.
![Photo of Brittney Hill - Lotus Counseling & Consulting Services, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4da60197-1cec-49b8-9eb2-7e881d4df1f6/2/320x400.jpeg)
Lotus Counseling & Consulting Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23223 (Online Only)
I'm Brittney Hill, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia. I offer individual therapy focused on addressing the individual needs of adolescents and adults. My experiences range from community-based services, school- based services, residential treatment and acute-inpatient treatment. My ideal clients are motivated for change and open to exploring and improving self-awareness.
I'm Brittney Hill, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia. I offer individual therapy focused on addressing the individual needs of adolescents and adults. My experiences range from community-based services, school- based services, residential treatment and acute-inpatient treatment. My ideal clients are motivated for change and open to exploring and improving self-awareness.
![Photo of Vanessa Johnson, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9670928a-5ed2-467f-9eae-220e1f601a7d/1/320x400.png)
Vanessa Johnson is a Resident in Counseling and a Certified Substance Use Counselor for the Commonwealth of Virginia. Vanessa offers over 30 years of experience in helping individuals with physical, emotional, and mental health challenges including depression, anxiety, and substance use. She has worked as a vocational rehabilitation counselor and a certified substance use counselor with the Commonwealth of Virginia. She is also an ordained minister experienced in pastoral counseling.
Vanessa Johnson is a Resident in Counseling and a Certified Substance Use Counselor for the Commonwealth of Virginia. Vanessa offers over 30 years of experience in helping individuals with physical, emotional, and mental health challenges including depression, anxiety, and substance use. She has worked as a vocational rehabilitation counselor and a certified substance use counselor with the Commonwealth of Virginia. She is also an ordained minister experienced in pastoral counseling.
![Photo of Katie Harrison, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6e708fca-7ee3-49ee-a289-4b0f9cd4e031/1/320x400.png)
Katie Harrison is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 16 years of experience working with clients of all ages who come from a multitude of ethnic backgrounds. She helps treat individuals, families, and couples, too; and specializes in helping her clients to cope with anxiety, trauma, depression, and addiction.
Katie Harrison is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 16 years of experience working with clients of all ages who come from a multitude of ethnic backgrounds. She helps treat individuals, families, and couples, too; and specializes in helping her clients to cope with anxiety, trauma, depression, and addiction.
![Photo of Alexandra Cromer, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2d199c00-d359-4fe2-87b5-f61cdbd648a4/3/320x400.jpeg)
Alexandra “Alex” Cromer is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has 4 years of experience partnering with adults, families, adolescents, and couples seeking help with depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and trauma-related disorders. Alex completed her Bachelor of Science (BS) in Psychology at Virginia Tech and her Master of Education (MEd) in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at the College of William & Mary.
Alexandra “Alex” Cromer is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has 4 years of experience partnering with adults, families, adolescents, and couples seeking help with depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and trauma-related disorders. Alex completed her Bachelor of Science (BS) in Psychology at Virginia Tech and her Master of Education (MEd) in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at the College of William & Mary.
![Photo of Tammy Simms, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c43d6ab9-d2c3-4115-804b-cb9aba92cc58/5/320x400.jpeg)
Tammy Simms is a supervisor in Social Work who has worked in the mental health field for 10+ years, working with children as young as age 5 and adults up to age 99. She enjoys working in the mental health field assisting individuals in managing life issues including grief, anxiety, depression, anger, PTSD, and trauma.
Tammy Simms is a supervisor in Social Work who has worked in the mental health field for 10+ years, working with children as young as age 5 and adults up to age 99. She enjoys working in the mental health field assisting individuals in managing life issues including grief, anxiety, depression, anger, PTSD, and trauma.
![Photo of Marisa Nieves, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5fc0ea39-5b13-48ed-92ea-6e6b834e74e0/2/320x400.jpeg)
Marisa Nieves
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23223 (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in North Carolina, Virginia, and Florida. We are faced with so many obstacles in life that we never expected. Sometimes it is difficult navigating different stages in our life, we have challenges within our relationships, or we are being pulled in so many different directions, we don't know where to start. This makes us feel like we don't have control, are overwhelmed, or inadequate. My approach to therapy is centered around you and work towards positive beliefs about ourselves. I am here to help you navigate these heavy beliefs and unexpected obstacles.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in North Carolina, Virginia, and Florida. We are faced with so many obstacles in life that we never expected. Sometimes it is difficult navigating different stages in our life, we have challenges within our relationships, or we are being pulled in so many different directions, we don't know where to start. This makes us feel like we don't have control, are overwhelmed, or inadequate. My approach to therapy is centered around you and work towards positive beliefs about ourselves. I am here to help you navigate these heavy beliefs and unexpected obstacles.
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![Photo of Moriah Lett - Holistic Humans, LPC, LMHC, CPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0d455670-e0a3-4414-b32c-b884314ce989/1/320x400.jpeg)
Holistic Humans
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, CPC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23223
Many of our clients come to us seeking a compassionate and integrative approach to mental health. They may be grappling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or life transitions and are looking for support to navigate these challenges. Their goals include finding peace, improving relationships, and developing resilience. They seek holistic care that addresses mind, body, and spirit, aiming for personal growth and lasting change. Whether it's through individual, couples, or group therapy, our clients desire a tailored approach that empowers them to thrive, and we offer that through our tailored holistic approach.
Many of our clients come to us seeking a compassionate and integrative approach to mental health. They may be grappling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or life transitions and are looking for support to navigate these challenges. Their goals include finding peace, improving relationships, and developing resilience. They seek holistic care that addresses mind, body, and spirit, aiming for personal growth and lasting change. Whether it's through individual, couples, or group therapy, our clients desire a tailored approach that empowers them to thrive, and we offer that through our tailored holistic approach.
![Photo of Sibhon Brown - Dr. Sibhon Brown, LLC , PhD, LPC, LSATP, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a8c5856f-5e6d-4b3b-9bba-dffd7201d70e/2/320x400.jpeg)
Dr. Sibhon Brown, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LSATP
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23223 (Online Only)
Do you feel misunderstood? Do you need someone to talk to? I have a wide-range background working with children, adolescents, and adults, providing psychotherapy. I have worked in a variety of localities to include but not limited to: schools, hospitals, private practices, and community settings. I am zealous about aiding people of varying ages and families reach their maximum potential.
Do you feel misunderstood? Do you need someone to talk to? I have a wide-range background working with children, adolescents, and adults, providing psychotherapy. I have worked in a variety of localities to include but not limited to: schools, hospitals, private practices, and community settings. I am zealous about aiding people of varying ages and families reach their maximum potential.
![Photo of Emily Ludwin Miller, MEd, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/46ebe262-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Emily Ludwin Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23223 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be hard for all of us - pain, disappointment, and loss are inevitable. Luckily, we humans are wired for growth, resilience, and survival. As a counselor, I offer a supportive and accepting environment in which to explore yourself, to feel connected and understood. Counseling is a safe place to unburden yourself of the things you've been carrying around, to learn more about yourself, imagine a better life, and try out new ways of being and doing.
Life can be hard for all of us - pain, disappointment, and loss are inevitable. Luckily, we humans are wired for growth, resilience, and survival. As a counselor, I offer a supportive and accepting environment in which to explore yourself, to feel connected and understood. Counseling is a safe place to unburden yourself of the things you've been carrying around, to learn more about yourself, imagine a better life, and try out new ways of being and doing.
![Photo of Amanda Steiner, PreLPC, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1636091c-db87-43eb-844b-dce6db0e2b05/1/320x400.jpeg)
Amanda Steiner is a Resident in Counseling with 5 years of experience in the mental health field. Amanda specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, religious trauma, and major life transitions. Amanda is passionate about assisting clients in finding internal safety, meeting their individual goals, and breaking cycles of generational trauma.
Amanda Steiner is a Resident in Counseling with 5 years of experience in the mental health field. Amanda specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, religious trauma, and major life transitions. Amanda is passionate about assisting clients in finding internal safety, meeting their individual goals, and breaking cycles of generational trauma.
![Photo of Lisa A. Zoppetti, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9a6bfb8e-97ac-4703-8c47-2aa870d6fe35/3/320x400.jpeg)
What all of my clients have in common is a desire to be self-reflective (even though this may be scary), to learn more about themselves at a deeper (unconscious) level, and to grow in ways that allow them to have the life and relationships for which their hearts yearn. Psychotherapy is a process of learning to listen to, care for and heal the pained parts of ourselves that burden our mind, body, heart and spirit. Including the body in this process is essential, as it carries our pain. This is not always easy, but is certainly self-empowering and life-changing.
What all of my clients have in common is a desire to be self-reflective (even though this may be scary), to learn more about themselves at a deeper (unconscious) level, and to grow in ways that allow them to have the life and relationships for which their hearts yearn. Psychotherapy is a process of learning to listen to, care for and heal the pained parts of ourselves that burden our mind, body, heart and spirit. Including the body in this process is essential, as it carries our pain. This is not always easy, but is certainly self-empowering and life-changing.
![Photo of Catherine McCollough, MDiv, LCSW, ACPE, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5487ead1-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Catherine McCollough
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MDiv, LCSW, ACPE
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23223 (Online Only)
My clients are searching for meaning and a sense of wholeness in their lives, sometimes in the midst of crisis, sometimes traveling through times of normative change. Although I am an ordained Presbyterian minister and consider my work a ministry of counseling, I value the diversity of our community and seek to meet people wherever they identify themselves to be and honor their unique stories, beliefs and perspectives.
My clients are searching for meaning and a sense of wholeness in their lives, sometimes in the midst of crisis, sometimes traveling through times of normative change. Although I am an ordained Presbyterian minister and consider my work a ministry of counseling, I value the diversity of our community and seek to meet people wherever they identify themselves to be and honor their unique stories, beliefs and perspectives.
![Photo of Tamara C Hill, PsyD, MBA, BCB, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c19c1197-ff53-4f21-98a1-e24a489b8289/1/320x400.jpeg)
I have worked with a wide range of mental wellness obstacles - including anxiety, depression, career shifts, health concerns, life changes, grief, sexuality and gender topics. It is my opinion that our goal is to be able to face these obstacles life presents us in a way that feels comfortable and in-line with who we want to be.
I have worked with a wide range of mental wellness obstacles - including anxiety, depression, career shifts, health concerns, life changes, grief, sexuality and gender topics. It is my opinion that our goal is to be able to face these obstacles life presents us in a way that feels comfortable and in-line with who we want to be.
![Photo of Wendy Wasserstrom, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ee395fa3-a5e9-487e-8525-07bf36471d5b/2/320x400.jpeg)
Wendy Wasserstrom
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23223 (Online Only)
Wendy Wasserstrom is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 9 years of social work experience. She has provided mental health services to children, adolescents, adults, and older adults, and she has experience providing individual and group therapy. She has worked with individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, mood and thought disorders, personality disorders, serious mental illness, life transitions, substance abuse, and family conflict. Wendy earned her undergraduate degree in Social Work from Florida State University and her Master’s degree in Social Work from Florida Atlantic University.
Wendy Wasserstrom is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 9 years of social work experience. She has provided mental health services to children, adolescents, adults, and older adults, and she has experience providing individual and group therapy. She has worked with individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, mood and thought disorders, personality disorders, serious mental illness, life transitions, substance abuse, and family conflict. Wendy earned her undergraduate degree in Social Work from Florida State University and her Master’s degree in Social Work from Florida Atlantic University.
![Photo of Nazarell Williams, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ab1fa45c-00d2-4ec0-9b24-8357fe7ca56e/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am passionate about helping people. I enjoy seeing growth, change, and seeing my patients identify hidden potentials. I enjoy seeing my patients being comfortable to express themselves during sessions.
I am passionate about helping people. I enjoy seeing growth, change, and seeing my patients identify hidden potentials. I enjoy seeing my patients being comfortable to express themselves during sessions.
See more therapy options for 23223
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in 23223
200+
Average cost per session
$130
Therapists in 23223 who prioritize treating:
97% | Anxiety |
96% | Depression |
89% | Stress |
84% | Coping Skills |
83% | Trauma and PTSD |
83% | Self Esteem |
82% | Life Transitions |
Average years in practice
8 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
93% | Aetna |
92% | Cigna and Evernorth |
92% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Therapists in 23223 see their clients
73% | In Person and Online | |
27% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
91% | Female | |
9% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in 23223?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.