Therapists in Richmond, VA

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Photo of Juno Fraser, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Juno Fraser
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in the state of Virginia. I have had a career in the mental health field for 17 years working with children/ adolescents, families, and adults in various communities and cultural settings that struggle with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, and life's transitions. I believe in understanding my clients and focusing on a healthy connection to develop tools to encourage healing and positive change.
Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in the state of Virginia. I have had a career in the mental health field for 17 years working with children/ adolescents, families, and adults in various communities and cultural settings that struggle with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, and life's transitions. I believe in understanding my clients and focusing on a healthy connection to develop tools to encourage healing and positive change.
(804) 657-4705 View (804) 657-4705
Photo of Emily Ludwin Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Emily Ludwin Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can be hard for all of us - pain, disappointment, and loss are inevitable. Luckily, we humans are wired for growth, resilience, and survival. As a counselor, I offer a supportive environment in which to explore yourself, to feel connected and understood. I am to make counseling a safe place to unburden yourself of the things you've been carrying around, to learn more about yourself, imagine a better life, and try out new ways of being and doing.
Life can be hard for all of us - pain, disappointment, and loss are inevitable. Luckily, we humans are wired for growth, resilience, and survival. As a counselor, I offer a supportive environment in which to explore yourself, to feel connected and understood. I am to make counseling a safe place to unburden yourself of the things you've been carrying around, to learn more about yourself, imagine a better life, and try out new ways of being and doing.
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Photo of Waller Thompson, Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, SEP, NARM
Waller Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, SEP, NARM
3 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23225
At our group practice, HeartMind Resiliency, we are honored to witness people's return to their unique expression of wholeness. The essence of our work lies in meeting you with an attitude of heartful curiosity so that you may safely explore stressors and renegotiate traumas. We utilize integrative body-based modalities incorporating latest discoveries and research in mind-body psychology that do not require reliving intense emotions or detailing painful memories. We will work to discover new resources and truths so that you may experience a newfound sense of well-being and trust in the unfolding process of your life's journey.
At our group practice, HeartMind Resiliency, we are honored to witness people's return to their unique expression of wholeness. The essence of our work lies in meeting you with an attitude of heartful curiosity so that you may safely explore stressors and renegotiate traumas. We utilize integrative body-based modalities incorporating latest discoveries and research in mind-body psychology that do not require reliving intense emotions or detailing painful memories. We will work to discover new resources and truths so that you may experience a newfound sense of well-being and trust in the unfolding process of your life's journey.
(757) 383-7625 View (757) 383-7625
Photo of Rebecca Symmes, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Rebecca Symmes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
10 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23225
Not accepting new clients
As human beings, life can have a way of creating challenges that are difficult for us to face on our own. I firmly believe each of us possess fundamental inner strengths which help us cope with these challenges as individuals, as well as to thrive together. My goal as a therapist is to come alongside clients in a compassionate, nonjudgmental stance to help identify your strengths and translate them into meaningful growth both within yourself and in your relationships. I value using a mind/body approach and a warm, relational atmosphere in therapy. I am LGBTQIA+-affirming, trauma-informed, sex-positive, kink and poly-friendly.
As human beings, life can have a way of creating challenges that are difficult for us to face on our own. I firmly believe each of us possess fundamental inner strengths which help us cope with these challenges as individuals, as well as to thrive together. My goal as a therapist is to come alongside clients in a compassionate, nonjudgmental stance to help identify your strengths and translate them into meaningful growth both within yourself and in your relationships. I value using a mind/body approach and a warm, relational atmosphere in therapy. I am LGBTQIA+-affirming, trauma-informed, sex-positive, kink and poly-friendly.
(804) 294-4406 View (804) 294-4406
Photo of Meg Gallear-Ouimet, Pre-Licensed Professional
Meg Gallear-Ouimet
Pre-Licensed Professional
2 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23221
Prioritizing your family, your relationships, and your needs is one of the greatest gifts we can give. I work with individuals, couples, and children (8-18) to turn unhealthy communication patterns into secure relationships and develop practical coping skills to get through challenging times. I invite anyone who has reached a dead end in their relationship or who is struggling through life to reach out. Maybe you don’t even know how to explain, you just want things to be different. Whatever you or your loved one are navigating, I can provide a space for you to feel heard, seen, and respected, while we pursue your goals together.
Prioritizing your family, your relationships, and your needs is one of the greatest gifts we can give. I work with individuals, couples, and children (8-18) to turn unhealthy communication patterns into secure relationships and develop practical coping skills to get through challenging times. I invite anyone who has reached a dead end in their relationship or who is struggling through life to reach out. Maybe you don’t even know how to explain, you just want things to be different. Whatever you or your loved one are navigating, I can provide a space for you to feel heard, seen, and respected, while we pursue your goals together.
(804) 570-2459 View (804) 570-2459
Photo of erin O'Toole-Lyon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
erin O'Toole-Lyon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Richmond, VA 23223
Waitlist for new clients
I'm erin with a small e. I feel qualified with a range of presenting problems; but, I know my strengths. I have experience and interest in all kinds of anxiety disorders, gender dysphoria, trauma, polyamory/kink. I'm also keen on adolescents with emotional and behavioral challenges that may make family dynamics hard. We'll figure out the big question: what's this about? Once we become aware, we can find a plan to get it out of your way!
I'm erin with a small e. I feel qualified with a range of presenting problems; but, I know my strengths. I have experience and interest in all kinds of anxiety disorders, gender dysphoria, trauma, polyamory/kink. I'm also keen on adolescents with emotional and behavioral challenges that may make family dynamics hard. We'll figure out the big question: what's this about? Once we become aware, we can find a plan to get it out of your way!
(804) 764-0060 View (804) 764-0060
Photo of Christin Collier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Christin Collier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) specializing in supporting individuals with dual diagnoses or co-occurring disorders, addiction issues, grief and loss, anxiety, depression, childhood trauma, career concerns, and adjustment challenges. With over 7 years of experience in the mental health field, I've had the privilege of counseling individuals facing trauma, depression, family concerns, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and various adjustment issues. My experience spans a variety of settings, including inpatient detoxification, intensive outpatient, outpatient group therapy, as well as family and individual therapy.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) specializing in supporting individuals with dual diagnoses or co-occurring disorders, addiction issues, grief and loss, anxiety, depression, childhood trauma, career concerns, and adjustment challenges. With over 7 years of experience in the mental health field, I've had the privilege of counseling individuals facing trauma, depression, family concerns, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and various adjustment issues. My experience spans a variety of settings, including inpatient detoxification, intensive outpatient, outpatient group therapy, as well as family and individual therapy.
(804) 587-7378 View (804) 587-7378
Photo of Patrice Jackson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Patrice Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I’m Patrice Jackson, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Virginia. I serve as a compassionate guide for individuals navigating life’s challenges, offering a supportive, judgment-free space where healing and growth can take root. My mission is to empower you to reconnect with your strengths, uncover your potential, and move forward with confidence and clarity. Let's start the healing journey today.
I’m Patrice Jackson, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Virginia. I serve as a compassionate guide for individuals navigating life’s challenges, offering a supportive, judgment-free space where healing and growth can take root. My mission is to empower you to reconnect with your strengths, uncover your potential, and move forward with confidence and clarity. Let's start the healing journey today.
(804) 348-0718 View (804) 348-0718
Photo of Silka Steele, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Silka Steele
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) located in the state of Virginia. I have worked passionately with children, and families, and provided mental health support in many capacities since 2010.
I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) located in the state of Virginia. I have worked passionately with children, and families, and provided mental health support in many capacities since 2010.
(804) 596-6973 View (804) 596-6973
Photo of Dawn Peterson-Lewis, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, C-DBT, CMIP
Dawn Peterson-Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, C-DBT, CMIP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling lost or stuck in your personal or professional life? Do you feel like you're not living up to your full potential? Dawn believes that true healing comes from a holistic approach that addresses the mind, body, and spirit. Her ideal client is someone who is ready to make a change in their life, but isn't sure where to start. They may be struggling with anxiety, depression, or relationship issues, but they're also interested in exploring the deeper spiritual aspects of their being.
Are you feeling lost or stuck in your personal or professional life? Do you feel like you're not living up to your full potential? Dawn believes that true healing comes from a holistic approach that addresses the mind, body, and spirit. Her ideal client is someone who is ready to make a change in their life, but isn't sure where to start. They may be struggling with anxiety, depression, or relationship issues, but they're also interested in exploring the deeper spiritual aspects of their being.
(804) 885-0610 View (804) 885-0610
Photo of Sarah Leatherman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sarah Leatherman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Richmond, VA 23225
Hello! I have to start by acknowledging what you are doing right now...in this moment! I do not know the "why" you're here, but here you are and you are worth the time, strength and effort to engage with therapy.
Hello! I have to start by acknowledging what you are doing right now...in this moment! I do not know the "why" you're here, but here you are and you are worth the time, strength and effort to engage with therapy.
(804) 331-1179 View (804) 331-1179
Photo of Meg Harney, Psychologist, PhD
Meg Harney
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23220
Providing clients with a sense of empowerment is a cornerstone of my practice. I approach each client with compassion and curiosity and am committed to helping clients resolve the beliefs and behaviors that have felt unhelpful or unrelenting. I am experienced treating individuals with anxiety, depression (including peripartum depression), relationship difficulties, infertility, emotion dysregulation, grief, and difficulty adjusting to new roles such as the transition to college. I specialize in treating individuals who express concerns about their eating or who feel dissatisfied with their bodies, including individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder.
Providing clients with a sense of empowerment is a cornerstone of my practice. I approach each client with compassion and curiosity and am committed to helping clients resolve the beliefs and behaviors that have felt unhelpful or unrelenting. I am experienced treating individuals with anxiety, depression (including peripartum depression), relationship difficulties, infertility, emotion dysregulation, grief, and difficulty adjusting to new roles such as the transition to college. I specialize in treating individuals who express concerns about their eating or who feel dissatisfied with their bodies, including individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder.
(804) 376-9769 View (804) 376-9769
Photo of Chris E Carson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Chris E Carson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
6 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23220
Waitlist for new clients
I am a psychotherapist for adult individuals and couples. Do you want stronger, clearer and healthier relationships? My clients consist mainly of open minded, artistic and unconventional persons and couples wanting more intimacy and connection or wanting to explore their innate gifts and talents. I specialize in working with couples using Imago, Gottman, Ester Perel, Emotional Focused, Somatic Techniques, Meditation and using an Internal Family Systems framework. I love working with those who are on the path of seeking growth, wholeness and perspective.
I am a psychotherapist for adult individuals and couples. Do you want stronger, clearer and healthier relationships? My clients consist mainly of open minded, artistic and unconventional persons and couples wanting more intimacy and connection or wanting to explore their innate gifts and talents. I specialize in working with couples using Imago, Gottman, Ester Perel, Emotional Focused, Somatic Techniques, Meditation and using an Internal Family Systems framework. I love working with those who are on the path of seeking growth, wholeness and perspective.
(804) 651-3941 View (804) 651-3941
Photo of Leila Saadeh, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC
Leila Saadeh
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23223
Waitlist for new clients
Are you someone who is seeking a different approach to traditional "talk therapy"? As an Art Therapist, I help clients with self-expression, self-reflection, processing emotions, managing stress, and going deeper into their psyche for inner healing through the safe and cathartic modality of art making. I love helping clients who are open to a holistic approach to therapy and are on the path towards personal wellness. Additionally, I am a yoga and mindfulness teacher (RYT 200) and integrate mind-body techniques into my practice. I hold credentials as a Board-Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC).
Are you someone who is seeking a different approach to traditional "talk therapy"? As an Art Therapist, I help clients with self-expression, self-reflection, processing emotions, managing stress, and going deeper into their psyche for inner healing through the safe and cathartic modality of art making. I love helping clients who are open to a holistic approach to therapy and are on the path towards personal wellness. Additionally, I am a yoga and mindfulness teacher (RYT 200) and integrate mind-body techniques into my practice. I hold credentials as a Board-Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC).
(804) 424-5661 View (804) 424-5661
Photo of McKenzie Lauber, Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW, LMHP-S
McKenzie Lauber
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW, LMHP-S
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23226
As your therapist, I will provide a safe and supportive environment for growth and healing. Taking a strengths-based, person-centered approach, I work with clients who are at all stages of their therapeutic journey. I utilize an eclectic approach in my practice, understanding that every person is unique in what they are going through and what they need. In our time together, we will focus not only on mental health but the various external factors that influence you and your journey.
As your therapist, I will provide a safe and supportive environment for growth and healing. Taking a strengths-based, person-centered approach, I work with clients who are at all stages of their therapeutic journey. I utilize an eclectic approach in my practice, understanding that every person is unique in what they are going through and what they need. In our time together, we will focus not only on mental health but the various external factors that influence you and your journey.
(804) 297-5206 View (804) 297-5206
Photo of Andrea Renea Gregg-Martin, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHP
Andrea Renea Gregg-Martin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHP
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23224
CONGRATULATIONS for making the decision to pursue this therapeutic endeavor!! I applaud you for having the courage to gain insight and take the necessary steps in creating and maintaining a better life for yourself. It is my professional goals to aid in eliminating the stigma that has greatly plagued the subject of mental health and to continue to be a catalyst in assisting individuals and families in successfully navigating their distinctive healing journeys. I am looking forward to working with you.
CONGRATULATIONS for making the decision to pursue this therapeutic endeavor!! I applaud you for having the courage to gain insight and take the necessary steps in creating and maintaining a better life for yourself. It is my professional goals to aid in eliminating the stigma that has greatly plagued the subject of mental health and to continue to be a catalyst in assisting individuals and families in successfully navigating their distinctive healing journeys. I am looking forward to working with you.
(804) 336-3508 View (804) 336-3508
Photo of Damara Beckett, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Damara Beckett
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
As a clinician, I meet clients where they are and walk alongside them as they become better versions of themselves. I specialize in substance use and general mental health treatment of those ages 13-99 years old. I have a vast array of treating individuals with substance use disorder and general mental health conditions. The most common theoretical approach of my work is cognitive behavior. I work with individuals to explore how their thinking can change feelings and behaviors, thus creating a more favorable outcome.
As a clinician, I meet clients where they are and walk alongside them as they become better versions of themselves. I specialize in substance use and general mental health treatment of those ages 13-99 years old. I have a vast array of treating individuals with substance use disorder and general mental health conditions. The most common theoretical approach of my work is cognitive behavior. I work with individuals to explore how their thinking can change feelings and behaviors, thus creating a more favorable outcome.
(757) 797-9520 View (757) 797-9520
Photo of Mindy Eaves, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Mindy Eaves
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hello, my name is Mindy Eaves and I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Virginia and West Virginia. Additionally, I am a level two Certified Complex Trauma Provider (CCTP-II). I work with adults, individuals, couples, and families that have or had experienced adverse childhood experiences (abuse, neglect, etc.), a traumatic event, or events. I work with clients, couples, and families where one or more persons in the household have experienced adverse childhood events, abuse, work-related trauma, personality disorders, dissociative disorders, anxiety, panic, depression, PTSD, CPTSD, phobias, and relationship issues.
Hello, my name is Mindy Eaves and I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Virginia and West Virginia. Additionally, I am a level two Certified Complex Trauma Provider (CCTP-II). I work with adults, individuals, couples, and families that have or had experienced adverse childhood experiences (abuse, neglect, etc.), a traumatic event, or events. I work with clients, couples, and families where one or more persons in the household have experienced adverse childhood events, abuse, work-related trauma, personality disorders, dissociative disorders, anxiety, panic, depression, PTSD, CPTSD, phobias, and relationship issues.
(571) 554-6558 View (571) 554-6558
Edythe Bouldin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I am Dr. Edythe Bouldin, a licensed professional counselor who likes to use humor in sessions. I am open-minded and nonjudgmental. Some of my focus areas are trauma, depression, and anxiety, and I am a certified grief educator. My clients are diverse and I prefer working with clients 13 and up. I am comfortable working with couples issues, including premarital, separation, and divorce counseling, anxiety, depression, trauma, ptsd, and I am certified in working with Veterans with PTSD.
I am Dr. Edythe Bouldin, a licensed professional counselor who likes to use humor in sessions. I am open-minded and nonjudgmental. Some of my focus areas are trauma, depression, and anxiety, and I am a certified grief educator. My clients are diverse and I prefer working with clients 13 and up. I am comfortable working with couples issues, including premarital, separation, and divorce counseling, anxiety, depression, trauma, ptsd, and I am certified in working with Veterans with PTSD.
(757) 209-9711 View (757) 209-9711
Photo of Kayley Sanger, Psychologist, PhD, BCBA-D, LBA, LCP
Kayley Sanger
Psychologist, PhD, BCBA-D, LBA, LCP
Richmond, VA 23225
Meet Dr. Kay, a distinguished Behavior Analyst, School Psychologist, and Licensed Clinical Psychologist with over 12 years of invaluable experience in the intricate landscapes of Autism, learning disorders, Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), and Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). With a steadfast dedication to enhancing lives and fostering growth, Dr. Kay stands as a beacon of guidance for individuals, families, and communities seeking comprehensive psychological support. Dr. Kay also extends her practice to adults with anxiety, mood disorders and navigating the various hurdles life may throw one's way.
Meet Dr. Kay, a distinguished Behavior Analyst, School Psychologist, and Licensed Clinical Psychologist with over 12 years of invaluable experience in the intricate landscapes of Autism, learning disorders, Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), and Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). With a steadfast dedication to enhancing lives and fostering growth, Dr. Kay stands as a beacon of guidance for individuals, families, and communities seeking comprehensive psychological support. Dr. Kay also extends her practice to adults with anxiety, mood disorders and navigating the various hurdles life may throw one's way.
(228) 335-6505 View (228) 335-6505

See more therapy options for Richmond

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Richmond, VA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Richmond, VA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
71% Coping Skills
69% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
64% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
78% Cigna and Evernorth
77% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Richmond, VA see their clients

58% Online Only
42% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Richmond?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.