Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Reid Cilley, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Reid Cilley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Life can be unexpected, and sometimes it can be hard to take the first step towards change. I believe that therapy can be a transformative, healing, and safe environment. If you want to navigate things like trauma, identitiy exploration, LGBTQ+ issues, relational strain, and anxiety, I hope to be a guide for you. I work with you to develop areas such as defining boundaries, strengthing communication skills, self acceptance, and self knowledge.
Life can be unexpected, and sometimes it can be hard to take the first step towards change. I believe that therapy can be a transformative, healing, and safe environment. If you want to navigate things like trauma, identitiy exploration, LGBTQ+ issues, relational strain, and anxiety, I hope to be a guide for you. I work with you to develop areas such as defining boundaries, strengthing communication skills, self acceptance, and self knowledge.
(267) 214-3363 x7078 View (267) 214-3363 x7078
Photo of Sonya Kearney - Transformational Therapist, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sonya Kearney - Transformational Therapist
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19144
" Real transformation sometimes requires real honesty" - I would love to assist you with finding the path to your true self. Are you trying to find the right therapist? Not knowing what, who you need can make a situation worse when you want relief. Let me help you! I enjoy working with individuals who are trying to make meaning of their lives. Whether it involves issues concerning anxiety, depression, stress, anger, life transitions, academic/work performance, bridging the gap between social media and IRL. I will provide a supportive and safe space to assist you in gaining insight into your life. My aim is to help you optimize YOU.
" Real transformation sometimes requires real honesty" - I would love to assist you with finding the path to your true self. Are you trying to find the right therapist? Not knowing what, who you need can make a situation worse when you want relief. Let me help you! I enjoy working with individuals who are trying to make meaning of their lives. Whether it involves issues concerning anxiety, depression, stress, anger, life transitions, academic/work performance, bridging the gap between social media and IRL. I will provide a supportive and safe space to assist you in gaining insight into your life. My aim is to help you optimize YOU.
(215) 883-8912 View (215) 883-8912
Photo of Christina Calkins, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Christina Calkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Are you feeling overwhelmed by emotional challenges, struggling with past trauma, or navigating complex relationships? I’m here to help. As an LPC specializing in Mood Disorders, Personality Disorders, and Trauma/PTSD, my passion lies in supporting individuals who have experienced traumatic events. I create a safe, non-judgmental space for you to explore your feelings, identify triggers, and develop positive coping skills. Together, we'll address your unique needs and work towards a more balanced, fulfilling life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by emotional challenges, struggling with past trauma, or navigating complex relationships? I’m here to help. As an LPC specializing in Mood Disorders, Personality Disorders, and Trauma/PTSD, my passion lies in supporting individuals who have experienced traumatic events. I create a safe, non-judgmental space for you to explore your feelings, identify triggers, and develop positive coping skills. Together, we'll address your unique needs and work towards a more balanced, fulfilling life.
(267) 459-9737 View (267) 459-9737
Photo of Alex Gross, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alex Gross
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Alex is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified EMDR Therapist. With over 16 years of experience working with culturally and socioeconomically diverse populations of adults, adolescents, and families in a variety of settings, including residential, inpatient, and outpatient settings, he specializes in the treatment of trauma and related challenges. His areas of specialization also include the treatment of anxiety and depression, mood disorders, relationship challenges, attentional and behavioral difficulties, performance enhancement, anger and stress management. He provides individual, couples, and family therapies.
Alex is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified EMDR Therapist. With over 16 years of experience working with culturally and socioeconomically diverse populations of adults, adolescents, and families in a variety of settings, including residential, inpatient, and outpatient settings, he specializes in the treatment of trauma and related challenges. His areas of specialization also include the treatment of anxiety and depression, mood disorders, relationship challenges, attentional and behavioral difficulties, performance enhancement, anger and stress management. He provides individual, couples, and family therapies.
(215) 395-8274 View (215) 395-8274
Photo of Esther S Abergel, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Esther S Abergel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19152
My ideal client is ready to work and ready to make changes. They are open to "homework" and excited about feeling better. They may have been suffering from depression or anxiety their whole lives, or had something recently happen, which caused this change. Their goals are to feel more comfortable in their lives, reduce symptoms, or be ready to let go of something from their past which seems to keep getting in the way. They want to get better because they are ready to stop living an unhappy life.
My ideal client is ready to work and ready to make changes. They are open to "homework" and excited about feeling better. They may have been suffering from depression or anxiety their whole lives, or had something recently happen, which caused this change. Their goals are to feel more comfortable in their lives, reduce symptoms, or be ready to let go of something from their past which seems to keep getting in the way. They want to get better because they are ready to stop living an unhappy life.
(215) 608-9825 View (215) 608-9825
Photo of Samantha Banjany, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samantha Banjany
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I am a licensed social worker who works with children (ages 4 to 18), families and adults by providing a trusting and supportive environment. I have experience working with various clients from diverse backgrounds across settings including the community, schools, homes and outpatient settings. I specialize in working with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, OCD, bipolar disorder, ADHD, behavioral concerns, autism, and trauma. I am in the process of receiving supervision hours towards my clinical social work license.
I am a licensed social worker who works with children (ages 4 to 18), families and adults by providing a trusting and supportive environment. I have experience working with various clients from diverse backgrounds across settings including the community, schools, homes and outpatient settings. I specialize in working with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, OCD, bipolar disorder, ADHD, behavioral concerns, autism, and trauma. I am in the process of receiving supervision hours towards my clinical social work license.
(484) 939-9779 View (484) 939-9779
Photo of Ella Chrelashvili, MA, LAC, NCC, Counselor
Ella Chrelashvili
Counselor, MA, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Navigating the complexities of the human experience can be hard and confusing. Despite our best efforts to construct a life aligned with our dreams and aspirations, we often find ourselves confronted by waves of pain, anxiety, grief, trauma, depression, stress, and guilt. In the midst of these struggles, it's natural to question ourselves and our behaviors, wondering, “What's wrong with me?” We feel exhausted as we desperately try to change ourselves, seeking any form of relief from the relentless tide of inner turmoil, yet it seems that nothing we do brings the desired results.
Navigating the complexities of the human experience can be hard and confusing. Despite our best efforts to construct a life aligned with our dreams and aspirations, we often find ourselves confronted by waves of pain, anxiety, grief, trauma, depression, stress, and guilt. In the midst of these struggles, it's natural to question ourselves and our behaviors, wondering, “What's wrong with me?” We feel exhausted as we desperately try to change ourselves, seeking any form of relief from the relentless tide of inner turmoil, yet it seems that nothing we do brings the desired results.
(267) 710-9141 View (267) 710-9141
Photo of Dr. Erica Liebman, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
Dr. Erica Liebman
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Your most well-intentioned friend or internet guru might have you believe that fixing your problems is a quick process that involves simple mantras and just doing things differently. In contrast, I believe that it is possible in time and in the context of developing a genuine and safe therapeutic relationship, for you to feel understood, cared for and free to express yourself while creating change. My clinical experience lies in helping those through relationship troubles, uncomfortable and painful feelings, addiction to substances, feelings of depression and anxiety, or just a quiet sense that something is not right.
Your most well-intentioned friend or internet guru might have you believe that fixing your problems is a quick process that involves simple mantras and just doing things differently. In contrast, I believe that it is possible in time and in the context of developing a genuine and safe therapeutic relationship, for you to feel understood, cared for and free to express yourself while creating change. My clinical experience lies in helping those through relationship troubles, uncomfortable and painful feelings, addiction to substances, feelings of depression and anxiety, or just a quiet sense that something is not right.
(484) 265-9020 View (484) 265-9020
Photo of Wendy A Caplin, PhD, Psychologist
Wendy A Caplin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Not accepting new clients
I view therapy as a unique, shared journey and the therapeutic relationship as essential for healing and change. I am a Licensed Psychologist and Certfied Filial therapists/trainer. I have extensive training in family/couple therapy, Gestalt therapy, mindfulness and sandtray therapies. I have worked in a wide variety of settings with adults, children, and teens (group private practice, schools, medical setting, state mental hospital, community mental health). I have been in private practice since 1991.
I view therapy as a unique, shared journey and the therapeutic relationship as essential for healing and change. I am a Licensed Psychologist and Certfied Filial therapists/trainer. I have extensive training in family/couple therapy, Gestalt therapy, mindfulness and sandtray therapies. I have worked in a wide variety of settings with adults, children, and teens (group private practice, schools, medical setting, state mental hospital, community mental health). I have been in private practice since 1991.
(215) 977-4297 View (215) 977-4297
Photo of Brittny Jordan, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brittny Jordan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125
Not accepting new clients
Are you looking to deepen your understanding of yourself and the challenges you may be currently facing in life? Maybe you've already done a good amount of self-examination and generally know what the "issues" are, but you haven't been able to move past them and feel frustrated or stuck. Maybe you're really new to the idea of therapy and want a compassionate, open-minded person who can help you start to explore what you're thinking and feeling. No matter where you're at, therapy can be so helpful in opening the doors to a different way of being in the world. You deserve to have a life you love waking up to and feel masterful in!
Are you looking to deepen your understanding of yourself and the challenges you may be currently facing in life? Maybe you've already done a good amount of self-examination and generally know what the "issues" are, but you haven't been able to move past them and feel frustrated or stuck. Maybe you're really new to the idea of therapy and want a compassionate, open-minded person who can help you start to explore what you're thinking and feeling. No matter where you're at, therapy can be so helpful in opening the doors to a different way of being in the world. You deserve to have a life you love waking up to and feel masterful in!
(484) 209-1281 View (484) 209-1281
Photo of Robert J Hunt, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Robert J Hunt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Dealing with emotional or relationship problems, or perhaps a traumatic life experience alone can be challenging and isolating. There comes a time in many of our lives when getting help from a professional may be imperative. When choosing a therapist, their wisdom, life experience, empathy and connection with you are crucial as they will teach you the skills you need to better manage life. I believe I possess these qualities and impart them in each professional relationship whether it is with an individual, couple or a family. Therapy occurs in a safe and confidential environment.
Dealing with emotional or relationship problems, or perhaps a traumatic life experience alone can be challenging and isolating. There comes a time in many of our lives when getting help from a professional may be imperative. When choosing a therapist, their wisdom, life experience, empathy and connection with you are crucial as they will teach you the skills you need to better manage life. I believe I possess these qualities and impart them in each professional relationship whether it is with an individual, couple or a family. Therapy occurs in a safe and confidential environment.
(267) 536-2513 View (267) 536-2513
Photo of Ryan Fiordimondo, MA, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ryan Fiordimondo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Do you ever find yourself excessively ruminating, "beating yourself up," or feeling trapped in those "worst case scenarios"? Do you talk to yourself in ways you would never talk to a friend? I'm here to help you take the first step in challenging those self-critical cycles. Together, we can start the journey of cultivating self-love and acceptance.
Do you ever find yourself excessively ruminating, "beating yourself up," or feeling trapped in those "worst case scenarios"? Do you talk to yourself in ways you would never talk to a friend? I'm here to help you take the first step in challenging those self-critical cycles. Together, we can start the journey of cultivating self-love and acceptance.
(610) 510-6261 View (610) 510-6261
Photo of Hannah Guy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah Guy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Have you tried therapy before and it feels like it just doesn't work for you? Or do you find yourself feeling stuck in therapy because you're not really seeing any change in your life? You've hit your breaking point and are at a loss of knowing what to do. You've tried so hard and it feels as though nothing you do will change how you're feeling. I'm here to tell you this...there isn't anything wrong with you! Whether you're dealing with a traumatic event, body image issues, and/or depression, you deserve to feel better!
Have you tried therapy before and it feels like it just doesn't work for you? Or do you find yourself feeling stuck in therapy because you're not really seeing any change in your life? You've hit your breaking point and are at a loss of knowing what to do. You've tried so hard and it feels as though nothing you do will change how you're feeling. I'm here to tell you this...there isn't anything wrong with you! Whether you're dealing with a traumatic event, body image issues, and/or depression, you deserve to feel better!
(267) 609-9547 View (267) 609-9547
Photo of Amy Eckendorf, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Eckendorf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
Hi there! I am accepting new clients and have availability this week! We might be a good fit if you are a young adult, college student, and/or queer person who is wrestling with questions about your identity, encountering difficulties in your relationships, navigating a transition, and/ or feeling overwhelmed by depression or anxiety. I’d be honored to support you as you tune into yourself in a new, deeper way. I approach therapy with empathy, active listening, and genuine curiosity. My aim is to assist you in deepening your self-awareness, build confidence, and help move towards the changes you want in your life.
Hi there! I am accepting new clients and have availability this week! We might be a good fit if you are a young adult, college student, and/or queer person who is wrestling with questions about your identity, encountering difficulties in your relationships, navigating a transition, and/ or feeling overwhelmed by depression or anxiety. I’d be honored to support you as you tune into yourself in a new, deeper way. I approach therapy with empathy, active listening, and genuine curiosity. My aim is to assist you in deepening your self-awareness, build confidence, and help move towards the changes you want in your life.
(814) 904-7992 View (814) 904-7992
Photo of Kaitlin Staples Vigo, MA, ATR-BC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kaitlin Staples Vigo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Are you tired of feeling stuck? Do you want to create changes that make your life feel more exciting, satisfying, fulfilling, purposeful, or sustainable? Maybe you’re experiencing a creative block, relationship stagnancy, grief and loss, job dissatisfaction, career choice difficulty, feeling uninspired by life, struggling with food or substances, etc. Maybe you're taking on some of life's biggest milestones: graduation, marriage, embarking on becoming a parent, etc.
Are you tired of feeling stuck? Do you want to create changes that make your life feel more exciting, satisfying, fulfilling, purposeful, or sustainable? Maybe you’re experiencing a creative block, relationship stagnancy, grief and loss, job dissatisfaction, career choice difficulty, feeling uninspired by life, struggling with food or substances, etc. Maybe you're taking on some of life's biggest milestones: graduation, marriage, embarking on becoming a parent, etc.
(215) 515-7579 View (215) 515-7579
Photo of Taylor Nance, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Taylor Nance
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Grief and loss come in many forms—some easily recognized, like the death of a loved one or the end of a relationship, and others that are harder to see but no less painful. I specialize in supporting people as they recover from betrayal—whether it's the devastating betrayal of a loved one, the disillusionment of a career that let you down, or the quiet, painful experience of betraying yourself by putting others' needs before your own. Sometimes, it’s the betrayal of life itself, when illness, tragic accidents, infertility, “out of order” deaths, or other unexpected and unfair changes alter your path.
Grief and loss come in many forms—some easily recognized, like the death of a loved one or the end of a relationship, and others that are harder to see but no less painful. I specialize in supporting people as they recover from betrayal—whether it's the devastating betrayal of a loved one, the disillusionment of a career that let you down, or the quiet, painful experience of betraying yourself by putting others' needs before your own. Sometimes, it’s the betrayal of life itself, when illness, tragic accidents, infertility, “out of order” deaths, or other unexpected and unfair changes alter your path.
(215) 458-5953 View (215) 458-5953
Photo of Tracy Weant, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tracy Weant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Everyone deserves a safe space to be heard, seen and supported. It is my intention to create such a space. I understand that life is messy and I will work with you to solve life's challenges as they arise.
Everyone deserves a safe space to be heard, seen and supported. It is my intention to create such a space. I understand that life is messy and I will work with you to solve life's challenges as they arise.
(267) 973-8233 View (267) 973-8233
Photo of Sierra Thompson, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sierra Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Welcome, my name is Sierra Thompson and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with a Masters Degree in Clinical Counseling, specializing in trauma. I have years of experience working with adult and adolescent populations. My experience in the field has been comprised of private practice and community behavioral settings.
Welcome, my name is Sierra Thompson and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with a Masters Degree in Clinical Counseling, specializing in trauma. I have years of experience working with adult and adolescent populations. My experience in the field has been comprised of private practice and community behavioral settings.
(215) 798-5742 View (215) 798-5742
Photo of Saleemah J McNeil - Oshun Family Center, MS, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Oshun Family Center
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19141  (Online Only)
The core mission of Oshun Family Center is to provide racially concordant care to members of the Black community that are struggling to cope with life transitions. Especially those impacted by postpartum mood changes, birth, and racial trauma. It is our goal to center the experiences of Black people and create a welcoming space for healing and refuge. CEO Saleemah McNeil is a Reproductive Psychotherapist, Certified Lactation Consultant, professionally trained Birth Doula, and a traumatic birth survivor. Saleemah has dedicated her work to helping families of color heal from traumatic birth experiences and transition into parenthood.
The core mission of Oshun Family Center is to provide racially concordant care to members of the Black community that are struggling to cope with life transitions. Especially those impacted by postpartum mood changes, birth, and racial trauma. It is our goal to center the experiences of Black people and create a welcoming space for healing and refuge. CEO Saleemah McNeil is a Reproductive Psychotherapist, Certified Lactation Consultant, professionally trained Birth Doula, and a traumatic birth survivor. Saleemah has dedicated her work to helping families of color heal from traumatic birth experiences and transition into parenthood.
(267) 318-4144 View (267) 318-4144
Photo of Rachel Phelps, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Phelps
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I am licensed in Pennsylvania with 7 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, relationship issues, family conflicts, & trauma and abuse.
I am licensed in Pennsylvania with 7 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, relationship issues, family conflicts, & trauma and abuse.
(484) 956-7044 View (484) 956-7044
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See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$146

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
72% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
59% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.