Therapists in Kelowna, BC

Photo of Rachel Jones-McKinley, Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
Rachel Jones-McKinley
Counsellor, BScOT, MACP, RCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
Waitlist for new clients
Sometimes life presents us with challenges that we didn't ask for. This can feel unfair, and navigating our struggles can feel overwhelming. It's not lost on me the strength that it takes to seek help. I believe in resilience, and that you know yourself better than anyone. Sometimes you just need some support discovering your true self.
Sometimes life presents us with challenges that we didn't ask for. This can feel unfair, and navigating our struggles can feel overwhelming. It's not lost on me the strength that it takes to seek help. I believe in resilience, and that you know yourself better than anyone. Sometimes you just need some support discovering your true self.
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Photo of Tamara Smith, Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
Tamara Smith
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
At Kelowna Trauma Therapy, we exist to help you find freedom from trauma - whether "big" or "small." We believe you already have the internal resources you need to heal from whatever trauma you have experienced. Our job is to help you find your way to healing, using proven therapeutic methods such as EMDR, Internal Family Systems, Somatic Experiencing and Neurofeedback.
At Kelowna Trauma Therapy, we exist to help you find freedom from trauma - whether "big" or "small." We believe you already have the internal resources you need to heal from whatever trauma you have experienced. Our job is to help you find your way to healing, using proven therapeutic methods such as EMDR, Internal Family Systems, Somatic Experiencing and Neurofeedback.
(778) 860-7876 View (778) 860-7876
Photo of The Wellness Collective , Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
The Wellness Collective
Counsellor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC J4Y
Are you currently navigating a challenging journey, feeling weighed down by the past, or struggling with overwhelming emotions? It's common to experience feelings of loneliness, anxiety, or depression, especially if you've been through difficult experiences. We want to acknowledge the courage it takes to seek support.
Are you currently navigating a challenging journey, feeling weighed down by the past, or struggling with overwhelming emotions? It's common to experience feelings of loneliness, anxiety, or depression, especially if you've been through difficult experiences. We want to acknowledge the courage it takes to seek support.
(778) 504-5998 View (778) 504-5998
Photo of Shannon Gordon, Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
Shannon Gordon
Counsellor, MTC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
We all need to be heard, especially when we’re struggling or hurting. When we are really heard, we are given the opportunity to explore our past and present, and focus on our challenges. The insight that follows allows us to address the feeling of being stuck rather than getting caught up in the judgement of others. The space created in therapy provides a safe place to explore who we are, identify our patterns, gain a better understanding of what makes us unique, and allows us to make changes. This is accomplished by building a trusting relationship between the client and therapist in a collaborative and supportive environment.
We all need to be heard, especially when we’re struggling or hurting. When we are really heard, we are given the opportunity to explore our past and present, and focus on our challenges. The insight that follows allows us to address the feeling of being stuck rather than getting caught up in the judgement of others. The space created in therapy provides a safe place to explore who we are, identify our patterns, gain a better understanding of what makes us unique, and allows us to make changes. This is accomplished by building a trusting relationship between the client and therapist in a collaborative and supportive environment.
(604) 245-8224 View (604) 245-8224
Photo of Lea Ivanitz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kelowna, BC
Lea Ivanitz
Pre-Licensed Professional, BEd, MACP , student
Verified Verified
Kelowna, BC V1X
My name is Lea and I am an intern counsellor offering low introductory rates for new clients in Kelowna. I believe that we are all on a journey of growth and healing and there are times in life when we need some extra support. Whether you are experiencing difficulties with relationships, anxiety, parenting, trauma, loss, self-esteem, or other life stressors, my role is to help you address and let go of dysfunctional beliefs and patterns that are holding you back from living your best life. I feel passionately about working alongside others on the path to wellness and self-fulfillment.
My name is Lea and I am an intern counsellor offering low introductory rates for new clients in Kelowna. I believe that we are all on a journey of growth and healing and there are times in life when we need some extra support. Whether you are experiencing difficulties with relationships, anxiety, parenting, trauma, loss, self-esteem, or other life stressors, my role is to help you address and let go of dysfunctional beliefs and patterns that are holding you back from living your best life. I feel passionately about working alongside others on the path to wellness and self-fulfillment.
(250) 765-0606 View (250) 765-0606
Photo of Elizabeth (Beth) Forbes: Online - Ptsd Trauma Related Concerns, Psychologist in Kelowna, BC
Elizabeth (Beth) Forbes: Online - Ptsd Trauma Related Concerns
Psychologist, R Psych
Verified Verified
Kelowna, BC V1Y  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Do strong emotions and memories impact how you live? Unresolved trauma and chronic stress can create negative thoughts and feelings and negatively impact our overall well-being. We may experience anxiety/depression, addiction, chronic stress, etc. Coping mechanisms may become ineffective or even harmful over time. Are you new to therapy - or have been to therapy before - call to discuss how trauma therapy may help.
Do strong emotions and memories impact how you live? Unresolved trauma and chronic stress can create negative thoughts and feelings and negatively impact our overall well-being. We may experience anxiety/depression, addiction, chronic stress, etc. Coping mechanisms may become ineffective or even harmful over time. Are you new to therapy - or have been to therapy before - call to discuss how trauma therapy may help.
(579) 500-1786 View (579) 500-1786
Photo of Brian Howard, Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
Brian Howard
Counsellor, BA, MAC, RCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
If you hope to overcome a dreadful anxiety, come out of a hopeless depression, build inner self-confidence, learn how to stand up for yourself, or just try to get a grip on life today; together we can achieve it. As a Registered Clinical Counsellor with a Masters in Counselling, 7 years experience, and a genuine compassion for people, I sincerely create an encouraging and safe space where we will find what your next step looks like and provide you with the correct tools and techniques to ultimately attain what brought you to seek counselling.
If you hope to overcome a dreadful anxiety, come out of a hopeless depression, build inner self-confidence, learn how to stand up for yourself, or just try to get a grip on life today; together we can achieve it. As a Registered Clinical Counsellor with a Masters in Counselling, 7 years experience, and a genuine compassion for people, I sincerely create an encouraging and safe space where we will find what your next step looks like and provide you with the correct tools and techniques to ultimately attain what brought you to seek counselling.
(778) 902-4506 View (778) 902-4506
Photo of Hopeful Pathways Counselling - Dr. Zoë Sehn, Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
Hopeful Pathways Counselling - Dr. Zoë Sehn
Counsellor, RCC, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
Please note: If you have not received a response, please check your spam folder. Areas of counselling: reproductive counselling (including reproductive choices such as the use of donor, surrogacy, or adoption, as well as exploring personal dilemmas that may be experienced when considering reproductive choices), counselling for in/fertility challenges during treatment, helping clients to explore family options beyond fertility treatment, reproductive counselling specific to single women and LGBTQ couples, perinatal counselling including: postpartum depression, postpartum anxiety, grief, loss, and couples counselling.
Please note: If you have not received a response, please check your spam folder. Areas of counselling: reproductive counselling (including reproductive choices such as the use of donor, surrogacy, or adoption, as well as exploring personal dilemmas that may be experienced when considering reproductive choices), counselling for in/fertility challenges during treatment, helping clients to explore family options beyond fertility treatment, reproductive counselling specific to single women and LGBTQ couples, perinatal counselling including: postpartum depression, postpartum anxiety, grief, loss, and couples counselling.
(778) 766-4196 View (778) 766-4196
Photo of Lindsey McDonald, Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
Lindsey McDonald
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
I offer a down-to-earth and compassionate approach with a sprinkle of humour. I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor (RCC) passionate about helping young adults and adults, by providing in-person counselling (Kelowna) and virtual counselling across BC. Most of my practice focuses on helping adults (19+) with the following: self-esteem and confidence, anxiety, people pleasing, setting boundaries, navigating dysfunctional family relationships, perfectionism and procrastination, coping with severe exhaustion or burnout, feeling lost or unsure about the future, making big life decisions, and grief and loss.
I offer a down-to-earth and compassionate approach with a sprinkle of humour. I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor (RCC) passionate about helping young adults and adults, by providing in-person counselling (Kelowna) and virtual counselling across BC. Most of my practice focuses on helping adults (19+) with the following: self-esteem and confidence, anxiety, people pleasing, setting boundaries, navigating dysfunctional family relationships, perfectionism and procrastination, coping with severe exhaustion or burnout, feeling lost or unsure about the future, making big life decisions, and grief and loss.
(226) 916-5518 View (226) 916-5518
Photo of Angela Kazmierczak Talk Less Therapy, Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
Angela Kazmierczak Talk Less Therapy
Counsellor, RCC, SEP, CCC, MSMFT
Verified Verified
Kelowna, BC V1W
Throughout her career, Angela has been working with individuals, couples, families, and groups who have experienced historical, shock and/or relational trauma and her educational training reflects this. She and her clients move through client experiences together integrating such approaches as therapeutic alliance formation, touch work, somatic/body noticing, the cognitive process and a felt sense of safety (developed through regulation, mindfulness and humour).
Throughout her career, Angela has been working with individuals, couples, families, and groups who have experienced historical, shock and/or relational trauma and her educational training reflects this. She and her clients move through client experiences together integrating such approaches as therapeutic alliance formation, touch work, somatic/body noticing, the cognitive process and a felt sense of safety (developed through regulation, mindfulness and humour).
(873) 700-2027 View (873) 700-2027
Photo of Calista Ward, Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
Calista Ward
Counsellor, MD, MA, BA, RCC
Verified Verified
Kelowna, BC V1Y
As a Registered Clinical Counsellor with an M.D, I offer my clients more than just remarkable qualifications and a warm, welcoming environment - I provide effective strategies and perceptive insights developed from over 15 years of experience. It is the journey from hopelessness to hope, and then finally to the joy of a changed reality that makes my job truly rewarding. As a therapist, I don't guarantee an easy fix to the challenges you face, but I can promise it will be easier if we share the load and it carry it towards a solution together.
As a Registered Clinical Counsellor with an M.D, I offer my clients more than just remarkable qualifications and a warm, welcoming environment - I provide effective strategies and perceptive insights developed from over 15 years of experience. It is the journey from hopelessness to hope, and then finally to the joy of a changed reality that makes my job truly rewarding. As a therapist, I don't guarantee an easy fix to the challenges you face, but I can promise it will be easier if we share the load and it carry it towards a solution together.
(844) 841-5583 View (844) 841-5583
Photo of Florescence Counselling, Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
Florescence Counselling
Counsellor, MACP, RCC, BSN, CSTIP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
Many of us have challenges that prevent us from being our best self, such as depression, anxiety, emotional difficulties, relationship issues, or trauma. Whether you need support to battle your inner demons or the past that haunts you, Jenni can help you discover what you need to not only cope, but to heal and eventually thrive. Florescence describes the process of a plant coming to flower. This is the name of Jenni's business, as it shows her deep desire to help people flourish in their lives. Self-acceptance is a beautiful gift we can give ourselves. She strives to help people give themselves permission to be who they are.
Many of us have challenges that prevent us from being our best self, such as depression, anxiety, emotional difficulties, relationship issues, or trauma. Whether you need support to battle your inner demons or the past that haunts you, Jenni can help you discover what you need to not only cope, but to heal and eventually thrive. Florescence describes the process of a plant coming to flower. This is the name of Jenni's business, as it shows her deep desire to help people flourish in their lives. Self-acceptance is a beautiful gift we can give ourselves. She strives to help people give themselves permission to be who they are.
(778) 766-4403 View (778) 766-4403
Photo of Melissa Campos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kelowna, BC
Melissa Campos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSc, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
Hey there! Are you struggling with anxiety, burnout, or perfectionism? If so, let's work together to help you cope with these challenges and co-create strategies from a non-judgemental and compassionate stance. I particularly enjoy working with adults 20 years old+, including those who are young working professionals, who work in high-achieving/high-striving fields, are post-secondary students, or folks new to counselling. I offer a reduced 'first session fee' for clients to reduce the financial barrier at the start. As well as a reduced 'student fee' for sessions with post-secondary students.
Hey there! Are you struggling with anxiety, burnout, or perfectionism? If so, let's work together to help you cope with these challenges and co-create strategies from a non-judgemental and compassionate stance. I particularly enjoy working with adults 20 years old+, including those who are young working professionals, who work in high-achieving/high-striving fields, are post-secondary students, or folks new to counselling. I offer a reduced 'first session fee' for clients to reduce the financial barrier at the start. As well as a reduced 'student fee' for sessions with post-secondary students.
(778) 721-8611 View (778) 721-8611
Photo of Jim Robertson, Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
Jim Robertson
Counsellor, MCS, CCC, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
Would you like to be well? I believe most people want to be well, but often lack knowledge or life skills. Equipping people to achieve healthy change is my goal. I have been a professional counsellor for over thirty years, with twelve of them in the field of addictions treatment and co-dependency.
Would you like to be well? I believe most people want to be well, but often lack knowledge or life skills. Equipping people to achieve healthy change is my goal. I have been a professional counsellor for over thirty years, with twelve of them in the field of addictions treatment and co-dependency.
(604) 239-5229 View (604) 239-5229
Photo of Kyra Dehker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kelowna, BC
Kyra Dehker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1V
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about helping people work through the obstacles in life that prevent them from being able to be the best versions of themselves. My experience has been focused on helping children, youth and families who are trying to manage anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and LGBTQ2+ concerns.
I am passionate about helping people work through the obstacles in life that prevent them from being able to be the best versions of themselves. My experience has been focused on helping children, youth and families who are trying to manage anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and LGBTQ2+ concerns.
(778) 400-6976 View (778) 400-6976
Photo of Claire DeWitt, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kelowna, BC
Claire DeWitt
Pre-Licensed Professional, BSc, MACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
Finding yourself constantly navigating the overwhelming demands of life? Now might be the time to connect with someone who cares and can help. Whether you want to manage emotions and stress more effectively or make a change in your life, I can work with you to develop realistic goals and a plan to get you there. My approach balances warmth and encouragement with gentle challenges to provide opportunities for personal growth and change.
Finding yourself constantly navigating the overwhelming demands of life? Now might be the time to connect with someone who cares and can help. Whether you want to manage emotions and stress more effectively or make a change in your life, I can work with you to develop realistic goals and a plan to get you there. My approach balances warmth and encouragement with gentle challenges to provide opportunities for personal growth and change.
(506) 307-5835 View (506) 307-5835
Photo of Harpal Kaur Malhi, Registered Social Worker in Kelowna, BC
Harpal Kaur Malhi
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, BSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1X
I am here to listen when you are ready to share your story. I have over five years of experience working with children, youth, and families in a variety of therapeutic roles. I have supported individuals struggling with anxiety, low mood, gender and sexual orientation issues, and many others concerns. I support clients using a holistic model of practice that is evidence-based and client-centered. I draw upon various therapeutic frameworks to best match the needs of the client. Also, as a racialized woman belonging to the LGBTQ2S+ community, I have a unique ability to hold space for my clients that may be unheard and marginalized.
I am here to listen when you are ready to share your story. I have over five years of experience working with children, youth, and families in a variety of therapeutic roles. I have supported individuals struggling with anxiety, low mood, gender and sexual orientation issues, and many others concerns. I support clients using a holistic model of practice that is evidence-based and client-centered. I draw upon various therapeutic frameworks to best match the needs of the client. Also, as a racialized woman belonging to the LGBTQ2S+ community, I have a unique ability to hold space for my clients that may be unheard and marginalized.
(343) 308-1556 View (343) 308-1556
Photo of Jenn Medwedew, Counsellor in Kelowna, BC
Jenn Medwedew
Counsellor, MACP, RCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
Waitlist for new clients
Approximately 2-3 month waitlist. Are you looking to make a positive change in your life towards mental health and wellness? I have a passion and great respect for the uniqueness and individuality of each client. I trust in your ability to heal and I am honoured to be a witness and guide in this process - the real work occurs within you. I have a gentle and calm nature but am skilled at compassionately challenging you towards growth and change. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (Level II), and I also bring depth to the counselling room with over 15 years of experience in health care as a Registered Pharmacist.
Approximately 2-3 month waitlist. Are you looking to make a positive change in your life towards mental health and wellness? I have a passion and great respect for the uniqueness and individuality of each client. I trust in your ability to heal and I am honoured to be a witness and guide in this process - the real work occurs within you. I have a gentle and calm nature but am skilled at compassionately challenging you towards growth and change. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (Level II), and I also bring depth to the counselling room with over 15 years of experience in health care as a Registered Pharmacist.
(604) 706-1615 View (604) 706-1615
Connect Counselling & Therapy Central Okanagan
Counsellor, RCC, RWS
Verified Verified
Kelowna, BC V1Y
Are you discontent or unhappy with yourself or your life circumstances? Let's smash some goals together! Our team of professional counsellors can help you on your journey...No matter what your path may look like! We offer both free community counselling and along with FNHA, CVAP, and private pay options.
Are you discontent or unhappy with yourself or your life circumstances? Let's smash some goals together! Our team of professional counsellors can help you on your journey...No matter what your path may look like! We offer both free community counselling and along with FNHA, CVAP, and private pay options.
(581) 222-2689 View (581) 222-2689
Photo of Tosh Gordey, Registered Social Worker in Kelowna, BC
Tosh Gordey
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kelowna, BC V1Y
Whether you are experiencing relationship challenges, a change in relationship, anxiety, or depression, grief, struggles with self esteem, challenges with boundaries or communication, or looking for ways to grow your capacity for joy, pleasure and self compassion, together we can examine root causes for patterns in behavior and enhance your ability to live a rich, meaningful, connected life. I have worked as a Social Worker for 16 years and am passionate about working with individuals and couples regarding trauma, grief and loss, burnout, attachment, 2SLGBTQ+, polyamory/non-monogamy, and parenting.
Whether you are experiencing relationship challenges, a change in relationship, anxiety, or depression, grief, struggles with self esteem, challenges with boundaries or communication, or looking for ways to grow your capacity for joy, pleasure and self compassion, together we can examine root causes for patterns in behavior and enhance your ability to live a rich, meaningful, connected life. I have worked as a Social Worker for 16 years and am passionate about working with individuals and couples regarding trauma, grief and loss, burnout, attachment, 2SLGBTQ+, polyamory/non-monogamy, and parenting.
(709) 800-3967 View (709) 800-3967

See more therapy options for Kelowna

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Kelowna, BC

400+

Average cost per session

$145

Counsellors in Kelowna, BC who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
83% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
77% Stress
69% Coping Skills
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

48% Green Shield Canada
48% SunLife
47% Pacific Blue Cross

How Counsellors in Kelowna, BC see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Kelowna?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.