Therapists in Draper, UT

Photo of Branden H Henline, PhD, LMFT, CFLE, Marriage & Family Therapist
Branden H Henline
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CFLE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
Not accepting new clients
I work primarily with couples that are struggling to feel connected and stay connected with each other. I help them have impactful experiences in session that build connection, resolve injuries and issues between them, and create a shared future that is win-win for both partners. I also work with individuals and families that have ongoing conflicts or lingering difficulties from their growing up years. Lastly, I work with individuals, couples and families that are experiencing interference in their lives due to the use of technology including gaming, pornography, and internet, social media, and smart phone use.
I work primarily with couples that are struggling to feel connected and stay connected with each other. I help them have impactful experiences in session that build connection, resolve injuries and issues between them, and create a shared future that is win-win for both partners. I also work with individuals and families that have ongoing conflicts or lingering difficulties from their growing up years. Lastly, I work with individuals, couples and families that are experiencing interference in their lives due to the use of technology including gaming, pornography, and internet, social media, and smart phone use.
(801) 618-1490 View (801) 618-1490
Photo of Liz Consolati, MA, ACMHC
Liz Consolati
MA, ACMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
I am passionate about empowering and supporting my clients through integrating evidence-based techniques in sessions. I firmly believe that everyone deserves to have a fulfilling life geared toward finding their best self. It is important to me that my clients feel honored, supported, and comfortable during their therapeutic journey. I strive for honest connection and understand that no two therapy sessions look the same, nor do our walks of life. I am dedicated to meeting my clients where they are at and walking through life's challenges together.
I am passionate about empowering and supporting my clients through integrating evidence-based techniques in sessions. I firmly believe that everyone deserves to have a fulfilling life geared toward finding their best self. It is important to me that my clients feel honored, supported, and comfortable during their therapeutic journey. I strive for honest connection and understand that no two therapy sessions look the same, nor do our walks of life. I am dedicated to meeting my clients where they are at and walking through life's challenges together.
(385) 376-3576 View (385) 376-3576
Photo of Vanessa Guevara, ACMHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Vanessa Guevara
Pre-Licensed Professional, ACMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
The strength and courage it takes to be able to share our experiences is a beautiful and sacred part of humanity. As a trauma therapist, my ultimate goal and passion is to help individuals express, embrace and empower their true authentic selves. When we can live honoring our true selves, we create meaning and find purpose in what we aspire to achieve in life. This empowers us to take control of our lives, and by working on our trauma, we have the opportunity to break free from shame, guilt, fear or resistance by embracing our true selves.
The strength and courage it takes to be able to share our experiences is a beautiful and sacred part of humanity. As a trauma therapist, my ultimate goal and passion is to help individuals express, embrace and empower their true authentic selves. When we can live honoring our true selves, we create meaning and find purpose in what we aspire to achieve in life. This empowers us to take control of our lives, and by working on our trauma, we have the opportunity to break free from shame, guilt, fear or resistance by embracing our true selves.
(801) 405-3177 View (801) 405-3177
Photo of Kenya Sanchez, MFTI, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kenya Sanchez
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFTI
Verified Verified
Draper, UT 84020
Therapy can be a great support to process, find empowerment to move forward, and address worries and fears about the future. I am specialized in couples therapy, as I am certified in Gottman Therapy (level one) and am Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) trained as of November 2024. Couples struggling to find common ground, build understanding and feeling disconnected can benefit from treatment with me. It is privilege to work with people of all different backgrounds and opinions and can ensure that regardless of who you are, where you come from and what you’ve been through, you are safe with me.
Therapy can be a great support to process, find empowerment to move forward, and address worries and fears about the future. I am specialized in couples therapy, as I am certified in Gottman Therapy (level one) and am Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) trained as of November 2024. Couples struggling to find common ground, build understanding and feeling disconnected can benefit from treatment with me. It is privilege to work with people of all different backgrounds and opinions and can ensure that regardless of who you are, where you come from and what you’ve been through, you are safe with me.
(385) 376-1494 View (385) 376-1494
Photo of Natalie Stringham, LCSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Natalie Stringham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
As far as most people know, you have it "all together,” but behind the mask you wear every day, you're struggling with emotional scars that can’t seem to heal. Perhaps someone has shattered your sense of security through sexual assault. Or life has come into the picture with new challenges that you can’t seem to handle. Maybe you’re noticing traces of your childhood are still affecting you and the relationships around you. You’ve been strong, but it’s gotten too hard to do on your own. If you’re looking for someone to release these areas that are troubling you, I have the training and experience to help.
As far as most people know, you have it "all together,” but behind the mask you wear every day, you're struggling with emotional scars that can’t seem to heal. Perhaps someone has shattered your sense of security through sexual assault. Or life has come into the picture with new challenges that you can’t seem to handle. Maybe you’re noticing traces of your childhood are still affecting you and the relationships around you. You’ve been strong, but it’s gotten too hard to do on your own. If you’re looking for someone to release these areas that are troubling you, I have the training and experience to help.
(801) 845-3256 View (801) 845-3256
Photo of Michael Heggie, CSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Heggie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
I'm trained and skilled in several treatment modalities including REBT, IFS, Motivational Interviewing, and other evidence-based practices. I have experience working with teens, adults, veterans, active-duty military, first responders, couples and families experiencing trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and relationship issues.
I'm trained and skilled in several treatment modalities including REBT, IFS, Motivational Interviewing, and other evidence-based practices. I have experience working with teens, adults, veterans, active-duty military, first responders, couples and families experiencing trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and relationship issues.
(385) 206-6193 View (385) 206-6193
Photo of Erin Anguino, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Erin Anguino
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Draper, UT 84020
Do you find yourself struggling to make sense of past and present experiences or have feelings of not being "good enough" that interfere with living an authentic and balanced life? Do you feel overwhelmed by stress and worry, and need a place to sort things through? Perhaps you need a guide in navigating a major life transition or strengthening your relationship with self and others. I support adults, couples, and adolescents in building self awareness and gaining necessary skills to solve problems based on values that are most important to them.
Do you find yourself struggling to make sense of past and present experiences or have feelings of not being "good enough" that interfere with living an authentic and balanced life? Do you feel overwhelmed by stress and worry, and need a place to sort things through? Perhaps you need a guide in navigating a major life transition or strengthening your relationship with self and others. I support adults, couples, and adolescents in building self awareness and gaining necessary skills to solve problems based on values that are most important to them.
(385) 469-6725 View (385) 469-6725
Photo of Brent Shuster, CMHC, EMDR, ART, BSP, BWRT, Counselor
Brent Shuster
Counselor, CMHC, EMDR, ART, BSP, BWRT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Looking for help navigating sexuality, healing your trauma, or maintaining healthy relationships? You landed in the right place. Brent Shuster, at SoulWise Therapy, has years of experience helping individuals trudge through difficult mental, emotional, and spiritual challenges with advanced training in trauma (EMDR, Brainspotting, ART, & BWRT). If you're looking for someone who is highly skilled yet easy to connect with, you'll find that with Brent. Brent currently serves clients residing in Utah via telehealth.
Looking for help navigating sexuality, healing your trauma, or maintaining healthy relationships? You landed in the right place. Brent Shuster, at SoulWise Therapy, has years of experience helping individuals trudge through difficult mental, emotional, and spiritual challenges with advanced training in trauma (EMDR, Brainspotting, ART, & BWRT). If you're looking for someone who is highly skilled yet easy to connect with, you'll find that with Brent. Brent currently serves clients residing in Utah via telehealth.
(385) 337-2759 View (385) 337-2759
Photo of Rachel Patten, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Patten
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have been in the field for 15 years now, and enjoy helping my clients find their full potential within themselves. My passion for helping started at a young age, and becoming a therapist was a natural process. I continue to educate myself in other alternative areas of healing, in order to bridge the mind/body connection. In addition to therapy I also offer Healy sessions, a frequency technology used to support balancing and harmonizing the physical, mental and emotional body through low frequency stimulation, as well as Human Design. I am also an adoption competent therapist and enjoy working with all members of the triad.
I have been in the field for 15 years now, and enjoy helping my clients find their full potential within themselves. My passion for helping started at a young age, and becoming a therapist was a natural process. I continue to educate myself in other alternative areas of healing, in order to bridge the mind/body connection. In addition to therapy I also offer Healy sessions, a frequency technology used to support balancing and harmonizing the physical, mental and emotional body through low frequency stimulation, as well as Human Design. I am also an adoption competent therapist and enjoy working with all members of the triad.
(801) 903-2912 View (801) 903-2912
Photo of Jonathan Davis, LCMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jonathan Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
The challenges we experience day-to-day vary based on our personal experience of distressing moods, traumatic events, difficulty in our relationships, grief and loss, addictions and challenges in the way we see ourselves and others. I believe that every individual has the potential to live a rich, fulfilling, and meaningful life no matter the challenges they face. I work with each client and couple to help them identify their own unique set of strengths, values, and goals that will empower them to achieve the change that they seek.
The challenges we experience day-to-day vary based on our personal experience of distressing moods, traumatic events, difficulty in our relationships, grief and loss, addictions and challenges in the way we see ourselves and others. I believe that every individual has the potential to live a rich, fulfilling, and meaningful life no matter the challenges they face. I work with each client and couple to help them identify their own unique set of strengths, values, and goals that will empower them to achieve the change that they seek.
(801) 890-3579 View (801) 890-3579
Photo of Briella Coca, CSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Briella Coca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
I truly enjoy working with clients of all ages, but I have a special connection with kids and teenagers. Building trust and creating a safe, supportive space where they feel comfortable being themselves is something I’m passionate about. I work with individuals facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, OCD, attachment issues, low self-esteem, trauma, and overwhelm. Through a variety of effective therapeutic approaches, I’m dedicated to helping them navigate their healing journey and give the support they need.
I truly enjoy working with clients of all ages, but I have a special connection with kids and teenagers. Building trust and creating a safe, supportive space where they feel comfortable being themselves is something I’m passionate about. I work with individuals facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, OCD, attachment issues, low self-esteem, trauma, and overwhelm. Through a variety of effective therapeutic approaches, I’m dedicated to helping them navigate their healing journey and give the support they need.
(385) 475-2057 View (385) 475-2057
Photo of Jess Graves, CSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jess Graves
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or family conflict? Do you yearn for peace and healing, but struggle to find the path forward? I understand. As your therapist, I'm here to support you on your journey. Whether you're a child facing everyday challenges or an adult navigating complex emotions, my goal is to help you regain control, build self-esteem, and foster healthier relationships. Together, we'll explore techniques like play therapy and CBT to overcome obstacles and thrive. Your well-being is my priority, and I'm committed to guiding you toward a brighter future.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or family conflict? Do you yearn for peace and healing, but struggle to find the path forward? I understand. As your therapist, I'm here to support you on your journey. Whether you're a child facing everyday challenges or an adult navigating complex emotions, my goal is to help you regain control, build self-esteem, and foster healthier relationships. Together, we'll explore techniques like play therapy and CBT to overcome obstacles and thrive. Your well-being is my priority, and I'm committed to guiding you toward a brighter future.
(385) 417-4028 View (385) 417-4028
Photo of Samuel Zizumbo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samuel Zizumbo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
At Conquer the Enemy Counseling, we provide compassionate and effective mental health care with a focus on trauma-informed therapy. Our safe and supportive environment helps individuals heal from trauma, manage anxiety and depression, and build resilience. My background as a former police officer and my work with justice-involved youth as a counselor and clinical therapist provide me with a unique perspective on trauma and life. This diverse experience enriches our understanding and enhances our therapeutic approach.
At Conquer the Enemy Counseling, we provide compassionate and effective mental health care with a focus on trauma-informed therapy. Our safe and supportive environment helps individuals heal from trauma, manage anxiety and depression, and build resilience. My background as a former police officer and my work with justice-involved youth as a counselor and clinical therapist provide me with a unique perspective on trauma and life. This diverse experience enriches our understanding and enhances our therapeutic approach.
(385) 438-6656 View (385) 438-6656
Photo of Conner Jon Dunn, AMFT , Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Conner Jon Dunn
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's changes? Whether you’re struggling to adjust to new circumstances, coping with anxiety, or facing challenges with your child or teen, I am here to help. I specialize in working with both adults and children, with a particular focus on supporting kids and teens through life's transitions. If your child is navigating the emotional complexities of divorce, or if they are struggling with emotional regulation, I can help. I offer support, guidance and a safe-space where they can safely express themselves, explore their feelings, and develop essential coping skills to overcome life's challenges.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's changes? Whether you’re struggling to adjust to new circumstances, coping with anxiety, or facing challenges with your child or teen, I am here to help. I specialize in working with both adults and children, with a particular focus on supporting kids and teens through life's transitions. If your child is navigating the emotional complexities of divorce, or if they are struggling with emotional regulation, I can help. I offer support, guidance and a safe-space where they can safely express themselves, explore their feelings, and develop essential coping skills to overcome life's challenges.
(801) 893-7128 View (801) 893-7128
Photo of Candice Waltrip - Infinity Psychological Services, PLLC, PsyD, Psychologist
Infinity Psychological Services, PLLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
Who says you need a mental illness to go to therapy? IPS was created to treat those who desire preventative health services for their psyche and improvements in emotional well-being. Cognitive Behavioral and Psychodynamic approaches are often utilized to focus on changing behavior by understanding its development through childhood experiences; generally, treatment is primarily tailored to the client's goals for treatment. Dr. Waltrip also specializes in court-related matters including competency to stand trial and violence risk assessments.
Who says you need a mental illness to go to therapy? IPS was created to treat those who desire preventative health services for their psyche and improvements in emotional well-being. Cognitive Behavioral and Psychodynamic approaches are often utilized to focus on changing behavior by understanding its development through childhood experiences; generally, treatment is primarily tailored to the client's goals for treatment. Dr. Waltrip also specializes in court-related matters including competency to stand trial and violence risk assessments.
(801) 528-9806 View (801) 528-9806
Photo of Kimberly Howlett, PsyD, Psychologist
Kimberly Howlett
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Happy Turkey Day! I am an irreverent therapist that specialises in working with trauma, eating, and interpersonal issues. The people that do best with me tend to be working on mild to moderate trauma, a medically stable eating disorder, and/or boundary setting or general interpersonal issues. My personal philosophy on therapy is that we are all striving to be the best versions of ourselves. Let’s target what’s important to you and use the tools to get there!
Happy Turkey Day! I am an irreverent therapist that specialises in working with trauma, eating, and interpersonal issues. The people that do best with me tend to be working on mild to moderate trauma, a medically stable eating disorder, and/or boundary setting or general interpersonal issues. My personal philosophy on therapy is that we are all striving to be the best versions of ourselves. Let’s target what’s important to you and use the tools to get there!
(385) 432-4423 View (385) 432-4423
Photo of Gayle Wyner, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gayle Wyner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
Our office focuses on: Empower, Hope, Resolve. Life offers many challenges and when things get overwhelming, reaching out for help is the first step. You will find the help you are searching for in our office. I have worked with mental health issues for several years and have successfully helped children, adolescents and adults work through their issues. I have experience with postpartum depression, domestic violence, depression, anxiety, abuse, addictions and many other mental health diagnoses. I also specialize in marriage, family and relationship counseling.
Our office focuses on: Empower, Hope, Resolve. Life offers many challenges and when things get overwhelming, reaching out for help is the first step. You will find the help you are searching for in our office. I have worked with mental health issues for several years and have successfully helped children, adolescents and adults work through their issues. I have experience with postpartum depression, domestic violence, depression, anxiety, abuse, addictions and many other mental health diagnoses. I also specialize in marriage, family and relationship counseling.
(385) 217-5536 View (385) 217-5536
Photo of Frank Clayton, CMHC, Counselor
Frank Clayton
Counselor, CMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, specializing in HAPPINESS. I have a private practice where I help adults with such issues as depression, anxiety, communication problems, anger issues and assertiveness. I also host a FREE class called Happiness 101. This is a class based on research and scientific methods to help you find happiness - TRUE happiness. For more information, go to www.saltlakementalhealh.com or call 877-476-6338
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, specializing in HAPPINESS. I have a private practice where I help adults with such issues as depression, anxiety, communication problems, anger issues and assertiveness. I also host a FREE class called Happiness 101. This is a class based on research and scientific methods to help you find happiness - TRUE happiness. For more information, go to www.saltlakementalhealh.com or call 877-476-6338
(801) 938-8760 View (801) 938-8760
Photo of Romina Marquez - Rooted Counseling & Wellness, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rooted Counseling & Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
Immediate Openings for Counseling & TRAUMA therapy. At Rooted Counseling & Wellness, we use a holistic approach in working with clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship difficulties, and emotional dysregulation. In addition to standard psychotherapy, we offer mindful movement and breathwork, wellness resources, nature and experiential interventions, and various trauma healing therapeutic modalities.
Immediate Openings for Counseling & TRAUMA therapy. At Rooted Counseling & Wellness, we use a holistic approach in working with clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship difficulties, and emotional dysregulation. In addition to standard psychotherapy, we offer mindful movement and breathwork, wellness resources, nature and experiential interventions, and various trauma healing therapeutic modalities.
(385) 316-7841 View (385) 316-7841
Photo of Marissa Andrade, CMHC, Counselor
Marissa Andrade
Counselor, CMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Draper, UT 84020
I look forward to meeting my clients where they are at and working together to create a treatment plan for where my clients want to be. I enjoy working with families, couples, children, and individuals needing a safe place to develop effective skills in dealing with life challenges. I have experience working with substance use, depression, anxiety, trauma, and PTSD, as well as other mental health issues
I look forward to meeting my clients where they are at and working together to create a treatment plan for where my clients want to be. I enjoy working with families, couples, children, and individuals needing a safe place to develop effective skills in dealing with life challenges. I have experience working with substance use, depression, anxiety, trauma, and PTSD, as well as other mental health issues
(385) 213-8945 View (385) 213-8945
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Draper, UT

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Draper, UT who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Trauma and PTSD
79% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
65% Grief
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% SelectHealth
69% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% EMI Health

How Therapists in Draper, UT see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
26% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Draper?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.