Therapists in Austin, TX

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Men's Health and Addiction Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC
Austin, TX 78750
Most people don't come to therapy because they're broken. They come because the strategies that once helped them cope are no longer helping them thrive. Whether you're facing anxiety, trauma, addiction, relationship challenges, or a difficult life transition, therapy can help you better understand yourself, build healthier patterns, and move forward with greater clarity and confidence. With over 18 years of clinical experience and 28 years of personal recovery, I provide practical, evidence-based counseling for adults navigating PTSD, anxiety, depression, ADHD, addiction, relationship concerns, and life transitions.
Most people don't come to therapy because they're broken. They come because the strategies that once helped them cope are no longer helping them thrive. Whether you're facing anxiety, trauma, addiction, relationship challenges, or a difficult life transition, therapy can help you better understand yourself, build healthier patterns, and move forward with greater clarity and confidence. With over 18 years of clinical experience and 28 years of personal recovery, I provide practical, evidence-based counseling for adults navigating PTSD, anxiety, depression, ADHD, addiction, relationship concerns, and life transitions.
(726) 239-4414 View (726) 239-4414
Lirio Ohlson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT , LPCC
Online Only
I am passionate about helping couples craft deeply nourishing and caring relationships. In our meetings we learn the skills required for loving another person well: good communication, problem solving and repair. We explore what it means for each person to feel loved and cared for and work toward a dance that honors each members unique preferences. I also help couples have important conversations about crafting a mutually satisfying shared vision of what a meaningful life is as romantic partners, parents and community members. We work on healing from painful past ruptures such as infidelity, substance use and frequent fighting.
I am passionate about helping couples craft deeply nourishing and caring relationships. In our meetings we learn the skills required for loving another person well: good communication, problem solving and repair. We explore what it means for each person to feel loved and cared for and work toward a dance that honors each members unique preferences. I also help couples have important conversations about crafting a mutually satisfying shared vision of what a meaningful life is as romantic partners, parents and community members. We work on healing from painful past ruptures such as infidelity, substance use and frequent fighting.
(512) 856-9706 View (512) 856-9706
Jessica Burnett
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MPS, LPC-A, ATR-P
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78703
I believe that healing happens when we feel seen, heard, and free to express our truest selves. My style is warm, compassionate, and deeply collaborative- you are the expert on you. I use the creative process- through art, movement, writing, and imagination- to help you explore emotions, build resilience, and reconnect with yourself. Through artistic expression we can navigate the parts of yourself that may have been feeling stuck, silenced, or overwhelmed. You do not need any prior art experience to benefit from art therapy- just curiosity and openness.
I believe that healing happens when we feel seen, heard, and free to express our truest selves. My style is warm, compassionate, and deeply collaborative- you are the expert on you. I use the creative process- through art, movement, writing, and imagination- to help you explore emotions, build resilience, and reconnect with yourself. Through artistic expression we can navigate the parts of yourself that may have been feeling stuck, silenced, or overwhelmed. You do not need any prior art experience to benefit from art therapy- just curiosity and openness.
(737) 327-8446 View (737) 327-8446
Katy Bruce
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
I believe that people often operate from the basis of their story: what has happened in their lives and what they know and feel. I will help you understand your collection of experiences, your thoughts and feelings in order to assist you in reaching goals, and essentially, in getting where you want to go. I will help you ask yourself hard questions and deal with the weirdness and pain of daily life. In addition to therapy, I provide education about mental health, and other human issues that may help you evolve your process and get “un-stuck”. Connection and compassion are essential to healing and so I will offer that to you.
I believe that people often operate from the basis of their story: what has happened in their lives and what they know and feel. I will help you understand your collection of experiences, your thoughts and feelings in order to assist you in reaching goals, and essentially, in getting where you want to go. I will help you ask yourself hard questions and deal with the weirdness and pain of daily life. In addition to therapy, I provide education about mental health, and other human issues that may help you evolve your process and get “un-stuck”. Connection and compassion are essential to healing and so I will offer that to you.
(512) 688-6357 View (512) 688-6357
Sarah L Gremillion
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Every step we take has its mirror in the brain; in therapy you have a chance to re-write important parts of your story and support to move in new directions. I have 15 years' clinical experience providing individual and couples therapy to adults and adolescent. I have extensive experience as a generalist mental health provider, working with anxiety, depression, major life changes, and relationship struggles. I am comfortable with diverse sexual, gender, and relationship presentations. I am neurodivergent and love working with other neurodivergent people.
Every step we take has its mirror in the brain; in therapy you have a chance to re-write important parts of your story and support to move in new directions. I have 15 years' clinical experience providing individual and couples therapy to adults and adolescent. I have extensive experience as a generalist mental health provider, working with anxiety, depression, major life changes, and relationship struggles. I am comfortable with diverse sexual, gender, and relationship presentations. I am neurodivergent and love working with other neurodivergent people.
(737) 210-5498 View (737) 210-5498
Savannah Knott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Life is weird. One minute you're holding it together, checking the boxes, being the responsible one. The next, you're anxious all the time, crying in your car, stuck in the same relationship patterns, people-pleasing your way into burnout, or feeling disconnected from yourself. If you've ever thought, "I don't need someone to fix me. I just want to understand myself," then you're in the right place. Together, we'll explore the stories, relationships, experiences, and survival strategies that helped you get here while building a deeper understanding of who you are and what you need moving forward.
Life is weird. One minute you're holding it together, checking the boxes, being the responsible one. The next, you're anxious all the time, crying in your car, stuck in the same relationship patterns, people-pleasing your way into burnout, or feeling disconnected from yourself. If you've ever thought, "I don't need someone to fix me. I just want to understand myself," then you're in the right place. Together, we'll explore the stories, relationships, experiences, and survival strategies that helped you get here while building a deeper understanding of who you are and what you need moving forward.
(737) 378-4370 View (737) 378-4370
Yanieke Gayle
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Yanieke Gayle is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Texas and the State of Florida. I am trained as Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, offering Mindfulness-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Are you feeling anxious, depressed or stuck? Are you facing changes that you are having problems maneuvering? My specialization is working with women to manage and overcome symptoms of Anxiety and Depression. Psychotherapy provides incredible benefits, including emotional support, improved mental health, increased self-awareness, enhanced coping skills and personal growth and self-development.
Yanieke Gayle is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Texas and the State of Florida. I am trained as Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, offering Mindfulness-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Are you feeling anxious, depressed or stuck? Are you facing changes that you are having problems maneuvering? My specialization is working with women to manage and overcome symptoms of Anxiety and Depression. Psychotherapy provides incredible benefits, including emotional support, improved mental health, increased self-awareness, enhanced coping skills and personal growth and self-development.
(512) 308-3556 View (512) 308-3556
Lionel Chudzik
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78756
With over 25 years of experience as a therapist, I have worked with diverse populations. I have helped people overcome anxiety, mood disorders, and trauma-related difficulties. I possess considerable experience in addressing behavioral issues and addictions. I also have experience helping people with psychotic symptoms, whether induced or not, in both young and older adults. Most importantly, I dedicated much of my time to helping individuals better understand themselves and liberate themselves from external and internal pressures. Based on those experiences, I was invited to train colleagues worldwide (Europe, America, Australia).
With over 25 years of experience as a therapist, I have worked with diverse populations. I have helped people overcome anxiety, mood disorders, and trauma-related difficulties. I possess considerable experience in addressing behavioral issues and addictions. I also have experience helping people with psychotic symptoms, whether induced or not, in both young and older adults. Most importantly, I dedicated much of my time to helping individuals better understand themselves and liberate themselves from external and internal pressures. Based on those experiences, I was invited to train colleagues worldwide (Europe, America, Australia).
(512) 409-4922 View (512) 409-4922
Samantha Doversberger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, Supervi
7 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you currently struggling with personal or global impacts to mental health? My goal is to help you process those experiences as well as to identify coping skills to help you achieve happiness. I provide tele-health sessions in late afternoon or evening hours to accommodate schedules. I work with a variety of populations and specialize in trauma, depression, anxiety, and self worth challenges. My main focus is transitioning away from negative thought patterns that leave us feeling stuck and unmotivated. I've completed specialized trainings for EMDR, PET, CBT, and DBT.
Are you currently struggling with personal or global impacts to mental health? My goal is to help you process those experiences as well as to identify coping skills to help you achieve happiness. I provide tele-health sessions in late afternoon or evening hours to accommodate schedules. I work with a variety of populations and specialize in trauma, depression, anxiety, and self worth challenges. My main focus is transitioning away from negative thought patterns that leave us feeling stuck and unmotivated. I've completed specialized trainings for EMDR, PET, CBT, and DBT.
(512) 920-5573 View (512) 920-5573
Shayan Salar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCADC
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78735
Sometimes we cope in ways that work, until they no longer do. If that is where you are with drinking or using, you do not have to be abstinent, or even certain you want to stop, to start working on it. Relationships are hard, and we repeat the same cycles unconsciously even when we think we are being conscious. A lot of us do not have sound support from the people close to us, and even when we do, it does not always hit the mark. That is where therapy comes in.
Sometimes we cope in ways that work, until they no longer do. If that is where you are with drinking or using, you do not have to be abstinent, or even certain you want to stop, to start working on it. Relationships are hard, and we repeat the same cycles unconsciously even when we think we are being conscious. A lot of us do not have sound support from the people close to us, and even when we do, it does not always hit the mark. That is where therapy comes in.
(720) 663-0103 View (720) 663-0103
Gabriella Halloum
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Austin, TX 78746
Gabriella Halloum helps adults in Texas find clarity, balance, and healing through compassionate and evidence-based counseling. She provides individual therapy, couples counseling, and group therapy, creating a supportive space where clients can explore challenges such as anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, and life transitions. By fostering a collaborative and empowering therapeutic relationship, she helps clients build resilience and work toward meaningful personal growth.Gabriella Halloum helps adults in Texas find clarity, balance, and healing through compassionate and evidence-based counseling. She provides individu
Gabriella Halloum helps adults in Texas find clarity, balance, and healing through compassionate and evidence-based counseling. She provides individual therapy, couples counseling, and group therapy, creating a supportive space where clients can explore challenges such as anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, and life transitions. By fostering a collaborative and empowering therapeutic relationship, she helps clients build resilience and work toward meaningful personal growth.Gabriella Halloum helps adults in Texas find clarity, balance, and healing through compassionate and evidence-based counseling. She provides individu
(512) 859-6659 View (512) 859-6659
Jeffrey H Carter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Austin, TX 78759
Change is inevitable. So what happens when the consequences of the change are so negative they severely impact our lives? We sometimes feel stuck, unsure of what direction to proceed. In my practice, WalkinTalkinTherapy, I provide an avenue to address these changes by combining the simplicity of walking outdoors with talk therapy. Advocates of the combined approach say that being active during the session helps patients relax and open up - scientists have long known that a workout can temporarily boost serotonin levels and improve mood, the latest research shows that exercise can have a deeper and more lasting effect.
Change is inevitable. So what happens when the consequences of the change are so negative they severely impact our lives? We sometimes feel stuck, unsure of what direction to proceed. In my practice, WalkinTalkinTherapy, I provide an avenue to address these changes by combining the simplicity of walking outdoors with talk therapy. Advocates of the combined approach say that being active during the session helps patients relax and open up - scientists have long known that a workout can temporarily boost serotonin levels and improve mood, the latest research shows that exercise can have a deeper and more lasting effect.
(512) 548-8732 View (512) 548-8732
Hannah Frankel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78757
I specialize in depth-oriented and existential work with clients struggling to reignite a sense of meaning in their life. Common issues I work with include trauma recovery, chronic depression, addiction, living with neurodiversity, and young people (teens and young adults) who are trying to launch into adulthood. As one of the only psychotherapists in Austin with formal training in existential therapy, I am particularly skilled at working with issues around meaning and purpose. Many people come to me feeling hollow and disconnected from themselves and others, but there is hope in seeking help.
I specialize in depth-oriented and existential work with clients struggling to reignite a sense of meaning in their life. Common issues I work with include trauma recovery, chronic depression, addiction, living with neurodiversity, and young people (teens and young adults) who are trying to launch into adulthood. As one of the only psychotherapists in Austin with formal training in existential therapy, I am particularly skilled at working with issues around meaning and purpose. Many people come to me feeling hollow and disconnected from themselves and others, but there is hope in seeking help.
(512) 817-2129 View (512) 817-2129
Marianna Adler
Psychologist, PhD
Austin, TX 78731
I am a licensed Psychologist with advanced post-doctoral training in psychoanalysis. I offer both psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, working with you to determine which form of treatment best meets your needs. My training allows me to work with people struggling with a range of difficulties, including interpersonal relationship issues, familial issues, childhood and adult trauma, anxiety, depression and artistic and career inhibitions. I often work with patients who have tried therapy in the past without obtaining the relief they'd hoped for. Visit my website: mariannaadler.com I will be happy to speak with you by phone to answer your questions.
I am a licensed Psychologist with advanced post-doctoral training in psychoanalysis. I offer both psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, working with you to determine which form of treatment best meets your needs. My training allows me to work with people struggling with a range of difficulties, including interpersonal relationship issues, familial issues, childhood and adult trauma, anxiety, depression and artistic and career inhibitions. I often work with patients who have tried therapy in the past without obtaining the relief they'd hoped for. Visit my website: mariannaadler.com I will be happy to speak with you by phone to answer your questions.
(512) 453-9225 View (512) 453-9225
Lara Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
You already have the tools for personal growth, but due to family of origin dysfunction, trauma, or societal conditioning, you may be unaware of your internal resources. Some of these internal resources, which I call tools, include values, worthiness, and the courage to set boundaries. These tools play a major role in your emotional health, confidence, and functional relationships. Helping you find these tools is my calling. I specialize in helping high functioning / high achieving adults who are feeling stuck. Living a conscious life is a daily practice, requires work that can be uncomfortable, and you don't have to do it alone.
You already have the tools for personal growth, but due to family of origin dysfunction, trauma, or societal conditioning, you may be unaware of your internal resources. Some of these internal resources, which I call tools, include values, worthiness, and the courage to set boundaries. These tools play a major role in your emotional health, confidence, and functional relationships. Helping you find these tools is my calling. I specialize in helping high functioning / high achieving adults who are feeling stuck. Living a conscious life is a daily practice, requires work that can be uncomfortable, and you don't have to do it alone.
(737) 377-6474 View (737) 377-6474
Manuel Cantu
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78705
I help people deal with the natural ups and downs of life, as well as overwhelming experiences like loss and trauma. I believe long-lasting change happens through self-discovery ("when we know better, we do better"). I give clients the tools to understand the roots of their struggles and teach coping skills ranging from breath work to establishing healthy boundaries.
I help people deal with the natural ups and downs of life, as well as overwhelming experiences like loss and trauma. I believe long-lasting change happens through self-discovery ("when we know better, we do better"). I give clients the tools to understand the roots of their struggles and teach coping skills ranging from breath work to establishing healthy boundaries.
(512) 881-9868 View (512) 881-9868
Alex Morgan
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA
7 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78704
I work with individuals and couples striving for deeper connection with themselves or their partner. Many couples look into therapy thinking, “this must be the end.” In some cases, separation may be the best path, but in most cases, therapy is an invitation to find reconnection within your relationship. By embarking on a therapeutic journey as a team, change is possible. I also specialize in working with individuals who have experienced complex trauma and traumatic events. By understanding attachment wounds and the parts of yourself in need of a voice, together we can find meaning and a deeper sense of healing.
I work with individuals and couples striving for deeper connection with themselves or their partner. Many couples look into therapy thinking, “this must be the end.” In some cases, separation may be the best path, but in most cases, therapy is an invitation to find reconnection within your relationship. By embarking on a therapeutic journey as a team, change is possible. I also specialize in working with individuals who have experienced complex trauma and traumatic events. By understanding attachment wounds and the parts of yourself in need of a voice, together we can find meaning and a deeper sense of healing.
(737) 232-4437 View (737) 232-4437
Offices Of Erin Bogdanski LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CEO
Online Only
Are you a parent struggling with your child, teen or college student who is suffering OR are you also you an adult coping with a medical condition? Psychotherapy can assist with the healing process, prevention, and developing resilience. I bring a new perspective on combining the elements of therapy with behavior change, mindfulness, and positive psychology. Health behavior change is the first step to coping with a medical condition as well practicing stress management, coping and improving recovery. For children and teens I offer a unique Virtual Reality therapy called Thera VR, for treating depression, anxiety and trauma.
Are you a parent struggling with your child, teen or college student who is suffering OR are you also you an adult coping with a medical condition? Psychotherapy can assist with the healing process, prevention, and developing resilience. I bring a new perspective on combining the elements of therapy with behavior change, mindfulness, and positive psychology. Health behavior change is the first step to coping with a medical condition as well practicing stress management, coping and improving recovery. For children and teens I offer a unique Virtual Reality therapy called Thera VR, for treating depression, anxiety and trauma.
(512) 399-4753 View (512) 399-4753
Bradie M Harbison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, LCDC
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78701
Not accepting new clients
NOTE: Willing to complete ESA letters and FMLA paperwork. Hi! I’m Bradie. I’m glad you’re here. I’m not your typical therapist. I bring my full personality into my work and believe therapy works best when there’s a genuine connection. If you’re looking for someone who will sit back as a blank slate, we may not be the best fit. I’m right there with you, actively engaged in the process. Many of my clients are intelligent, caring people who still feel overwhelmed by anxiety, overthinking, intense emotions, or patterns they can’t seem to break.
NOTE: Willing to complete ESA letters and FMLA paperwork. Hi! I’m Bradie. I’m glad you’re here. I’m not your typical therapist. I bring my full personality into my work and believe therapy works best when there’s a genuine connection. If you’re looking for someone who will sit back as a blank slate, we may not be the best fit. I’m right there with you, actively engaged in the process. Many of my clients are intelligent, caring people who still feel overwhelmed by anxiety, overthinking, intense emotions, or patterns they can’t seem to break.
(737) 520-5861 View (737) 520-5861
Melissa McNelly
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, PA, LPC
Austin, TX 78731
I work well with adults who wish to deepen their relationships with primary partners, children, their family of origin, friends or colleagues. Many of my patients are seeking help with issues from early childhood, including trauma and child abuse. Others want to understand and function better in their marriages/partnerships. Some patients need to end their partnerships and I will work with them to do so in a collaborative manner. Adults in my practice may be coping with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, PTSD, personality disorders, dissociative disorders and/or addictions. Together, we work to create insight into these issues.
I work well with adults who wish to deepen their relationships with primary partners, children, their family of origin, friends or colleagues. Many of my patients are seeking help with issues from early childhood, including trauma and child abuse. Others want to understand and function better in their marriages/partnerships. Some patients need to end their partnerships and I will work with them to do so in a collaborative manner. Adults in my practice may be coping with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, PTSD, personality disorders, dissociative disorders and/or addictions. Together, we work to create insight into these issues.
(512) 942-0361 View (512) 942-0361

See more therapy options for Austin

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Austin, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$149

Therapists in Austin, TX who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
93% Social Anxiety
93% Health Anxiety
93% Driving Anxiety
85% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
72% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Austin, TX see their clients

51% In Person and Online
49% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Austin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.