Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

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Photo of Olivia Oliveros, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Olivia Oliveros
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90004
I have significant experience working with youth that have complex needs ranging from Mood Disorders to Post Traumatic Stress. While the majority of my work is with children and youth, I am available to support the entire family system with concerns that may include family conflict, parenting, and couples.
I have significant experience working with youth that have complex needs ranging from Mood Disorders to Post Traumatic Stress. While the majority of my work is with children and youth, I am available to support the entire family system with concerns that may include family conflict, parenting, and couples.
(213) 397-0838 View (213) 397-0838
Photo of Shirl Kelemer, PhD, MFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shirl Kelemer
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT, MA
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90046  (Online Only)
Many clients come to me depressed, grief stricken, or at a loss for where to proceed in their lives. Faulty thinking can block the ability to realize new options for thoughts and behaviors. Training, wisdom, and life experiences allow me to help guide my clients to their best therapeutic path, to personalize treatment, and to help them find their purpose. I work with trauma survivors, people with disabilities, life transitions, crises, hospice care, death, and chronic anxiety. I'm also trained to support artists through their creative struggles. That process provides them the foundation to strengthen them for any future challenges.
Many clients come to me depressed, grief stricken, or at a loss for where to proceed in their lives. Faulty thinking can block the ability to realize new options for thoughts and behaviors. Training, wisdom, and life experiences allow me to help guide my clients to their best therapeutic path, to personalize treatment, and to help them find their purpose. I work with trauma survivors, people with disabilities, life transitions, crises, hospice care, death, and chronic anxiety. I'm also trained to support artists through their creative struggles. That process provides them the foundation to strengthen them for any future challenges.
(323) 621-3513 View (323) 621-3513
Photo of Thomas F. Young, PsyD, Psychologist
Thomas F. Young
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90027
I believe the most important relationship we will ever have is the relationship we have with ourselves. We live in our bodies and our minds 24/7 and are so often at odds with what is inside of us. We dislike, belittle, cajole, judge, and hold ourselves up to rigid standards...and all within our own private universe. How we relate to ourselves will determine how we relate to our partners, others, as well as to environmental issues, and, ultimately, will determine how happy we are.
I believe the most important relationship we will ever have is the relationship we have with ourselves. We live in our bodies and our minds 24/7 and are so often at odds with what is inside of us. We dislike, belittle, cajole, judge, and hold ourselves up to rigid standards...and all within our own private universe. How we relate to ourselves will determine how we relate to our partners, others, as well as to environmental issues, and, ultimately, will determine how happy we are.
(323) 601-5960 View (323) 601-5960
Photo of Caroline Grim, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Caroline Grim
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. First of all, I would like to congratulate you on your courage to make the first steps in selecting a therapist. The thought of sharing intimate thoughts, struggles, and experiences can be overwhelming and frightening. I hope to help you feel comfortable that you have come to the right place to express yourself and work on feeling better. I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) from California. I have over 10 years experience in providing services to children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, relationships issues, trauma, and other challenges.
Hello and welcome. First of all, I would like to congratulate you on your courage to make the first steps in selecting a therapist. The thought of sharing intimate thoughts, struggles, and experiences can be overwhelming and frightening. I hope to help you feel comfortable that you have come to the right place to express yourself and work on feeling better. I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) from California. I have over 10 years experience in providing services to children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, relationships issues, trauma, and other challenges.
(424) 375-6267 View (424) 375-6267
Photo of Anthony D. DiNardo, PsyD, Psychologist
Anthony D. DiNardo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90046
Are you looking for a doctor that can help improve your overall quality of life and help alleviate symptoms? Psychotherapy can provide a forum to alleviate symptoms that hinder growth and well-being and can provide you with the needed insight to be able to manage symptoms and provide relief. Through a collaborative approach I can help you overcome the challenges and obstacles that can interfere with your goals & ambitions. I can aid in the facilitation of helping you develop the needed skills and mind set to improve your quality of life. Additionally, my professional services include providing psychological, psychodiagnostic, personality, and psycho-educational assessments.
Are you looking for a doctor that can help improve your overall quality of life and help alleviate symptoms? Psychotherapy can provide a forum to alleviate symptoms that hinder growth and well-being and can provide you with the needed insight to be able to manage symptoms and provide relief. Through a collaborative approach I can help you overcome the challenges and obstacles that can interfere with your goals & ambitions. I can aid in the facilitation of helping you develop the needed skills and mind set to improve your quality of life. Additionally, my professional services include providing psychological, psychodiagnostic, personality, and psycho-educational assessments.
(424) 570-2081 View (424) 570-2081
Photo of Veronica Mendez, LCSW, 98809, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Veronica Mendez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, 98809
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90019  (Online Only)
I am a bilingual (Spanish) licensed psychotherapist who specializes in working with adolescents, young adults, and young children and their parents. I work collaboratively with my clients to help them understand the root of their symptoms and suffering so they can move forward in building the life and relationships they envision for themselves. Incorporating mindfulness and acceptance, I work to help individuals change relationships with painful thoughts and difficult emotions so they can fully engage in what is meaningful to them.
I am a bilingual (Spanish) licensed psychotherapist who specializes in working with adolescents, young adults, and young children and their parents. I work collaboratively with my clients to help them understand the root of their symptoms and suffering so they can move forward in building the life and relationships they envision for themselves. Incorporating mindfulness and acceptance, I work to help individuals change relationships with painful thoughts and difficult emotions so they can fully engage in what is meaningful to them.
(213) 267-6024 View (213) 267-6024
Photo of Cindy S Hyatt, LCSW CA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cindy S Hyatt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW CA
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90049
Therapy is a process of working together to help you identify your own strengths. I will help you experience new ways to create hope as well as solutions to the dilemmas you face. Therapy is very often chosen when people are stuck and don't know what else to do. This means that our coping style is probably no longer working. This becomes an opportunity to alter how we manage our emotions or behavior in order to be happier. As I get to know you, we will look at other more positive avenues to meet your goals, accept yourself, and learn to self-soothe.
Therapy is a process of working together to help you identify your own strengths. I will help you experience new ways to create hope as well as solutions to the dilemmas you face. Therapy is very often chosen when people are stuck and don't know what else to do. This means that our coping style is probably no longer working. This becomes an opportunity to alter how we manage our emotions or behavior in order to be happier. As I get to know you, we will look at other more positive avenues to meet your goals, accept yourself, and learn to self-soothe.
(424) 722-9184 View (424) 722-9184
Photo of Sebrena Thurton, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sebrena Thurton
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90020  (Online Only)
Experiencing emotional distress from recent or past experiences? What about difficulty improving your mental and emotional well-being? These are challenges that can have an impact on us in various aspects of our life. Therapy is a space where you can learn how to effectively cope, create and live a life that you envision a life that’s worth living. I assist clients in overcoming anxiety and interpersonal challenges by processing, healing and increasing their understanding of how their childhood impacts their adult life. I also assist clients in increasing their self awareness by challenging and reframing their negative thoughts.
Experiencing emotional distress from recent or past experiences? What about difficulty improving your mental and emotional well-being? These are challenges that can have an impact on us in various aspects of our life. Therapy is a space where you can learn how to effectively cope, create and live a life that you envision a life that’s worth living. I assist clients in overcoming anxiety and interpersonal challenges by processing, healing and increasing their understanding of how their childhood impacts their adult life. I also assist clients in increasing their self awareness by challenging and reframing their negative thoughts.
(424) 392-6960 View (424) 392-6960
Photo of Barbara King, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara King
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90029
Are you always the strong one? Do you find yourself struggling to set boundaries? Is it hard to be kind to yourself? Sometimes you have to take a step back to see that you are moving forward in the right direction.
Are you always the strong one? Do you find yourself struggling to set boundaries? Is it hard to be kind to yourself? Sometimes you have to take a step back to see that you are moving forward in the right direction.
(818) 392-5235 View (818) 392-5235
Photo of Elizabeth Sterbenz, MA, LMFT, CFT-I™, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elizabeth Sterbenz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CFT-I™
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90048  (Online Only)
Has a change in your relationship, work or stage of life left you with the feeling that you are not living the life you want? Are you struggling to find balance in a demanding career that leaves you feeling unfulfilled in the other areas of your life? Do the behaviors that once seemed to help you deal with these emotions now feel out of your control? Have you experienced distressing life events that continue to trigger you in your day-to-day world? Whatever the reason you are thinking of coming to therapy now, we can work together to find a path to your fullest and most rewarding life.
Has a change in your relationship, work or stage of life left you with the feeling that you are not living the life you want? Are you struggling to find balance in a demanding career that leaves you feeling unfulfilled in the other areas of your life? Do the behaviors that once seemed to help you deal with these emotions now feel out of your control? Have you experienced distressing life events that continue to trigger you in your day-to-day world? Whatever the reason you are thinking of coming to therapy now, we can work together to find a path to your fullest and most rewarding life.
(323) 616-2142 View (323) 616-2142
Photo of Ashour Badal, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ashour Badal
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90023
Dr. Badal is a California-licensed marriage and family therapist. Additionally, he is also a registered psychological associate with the state of California. His educational training includes a graduate degree as well as a doctorate degree and training in clinical psychology with an emphasis on psychopharmacology and pain management. He has more than 20 years of experience in the behavioral health field and many years of experience in higher education, research, and educational and career advising.
Dr. Badal is a California-licensed marriage and family therapist. Additionally, he is also a registered psychological associate with the state of California. His educational training includes a graduate degree as well as a doctorate degree and training in clinical psychology with an emphasis on psychopharmacology and pain management. He has more than 20 years of experience in the behavioral health field and many years of experience in higher education, research, and educational and career advising.
(323) 379-0764 View (323) 379-0764
Photo of Scyan Hall, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Scyan Hall
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90009  (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed by pressures at school, work, or home? Limited by fear of judgment from peers, colleagues, or even family? Have big dreams that, deep down, you know you’re capable of achieving, but sometimes it feels like too many odds are stacked against you? Or, do you just need a space to vent, free of judgment and bias? Today is a good day for liberation. I have a passion for helping women and young adults actualize their potential and take a more active role in authoring the story of their lives. You're not the problem. The problem is the problem, and together, we can get to the root of that.
Feeling overwhelmed by pressures at school, work, or home? Limited by fear of judgment from peers, colleagues, or even family? Have big dreams that, deep down, you know you’re capable of achieving, but sometimes it feels like too many odds are stacked against you? Or, do you just need a space to vent, free of judgment and bias? Today is a good day for liberation. I have a passion for helping women and young adults actualize their potential and take a more active role in authoring the story of their lives. You're not the problem. The problem is the problem, and together, we can get to the root of that.
(323) 745-8967 View (323) 745-8967
Photo of Kat Ralph, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kat Ralph
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90001  (Online Only)
Welcome, I am so glad you are here. Life is hard, and finding a therapist is even harder! My goal is to create a safe, collaborative environment - one where you are respected, seen, and empowered! My ideal client is Queer, Trans, Gender non-conforming, or exploring their gender and sexual identities! I am queer, trans non-binary, white, neurodivergent human who values diversity and strives to use an anti-colonial lens.
Welcome, I am so glad you are here. Life is hard, and finding a therapist is even harder! My goal is to create a safe, collaborative environment - one where you are respected, seen, and empowered! My ideal client is Queer, Trans, Gender non-conforming, or exploring their gender and sexual identities! I am queer, trans non-binary, white, neurodivergent human who values diversity and strives to use an anti-colonial lens.
(661) 927-4671 View (661) 927-4671
Photo of Zachary Metzger, ASW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Zachary Metzger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ASW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90039  (Online Only)
I offer my clients a safe, creative space to explore the challenges they're confronting honestly and without judgement. Whether you are exhausted from constantly overthinking, feeling shutdown emotionally, struggling to change unsatisfying patterns or trying to cope with loss; we can work together to help you slow down, tune in more deeply to your inner life and heal past wounds. The stories we tell ourselves about our lives have an enormous impact on how we feel day to day. Together, we will take a look at your story to integrate thoughts, feelings and values into a cohesive whole you can use to write your next chapter.
I offer my clients a safe, creative space to explore the challenges they're confronting honestly and without judgement. Whether you are exhausted from constantly overthinking, feeling shutdown emotionally, struggling to change unsatisfying patterns or trying to cope with loss; we can work together to help you slow down, tune in more deeply to your inner life and heal past wounds. The stories we tell ourselves about our lives have an enormous impact on how we feel day to day. Together, we will take a look at your story to integrate thoughts, feelings and values into a cohesive whole you can use to write your next chapter.
(914) 386-2607 View (914) 386-2607
Photo of Cynthia Lucas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cynthia Lucas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90068
Welcome to my office! I am a psychoanalytic psychotherapist who is committed to helping individuals attain lasting and profound change. What is psychoanalytic psychotherapy? It’s a way of understanding ourselves and our difficulties by looking at our motivations, what’s beneath the surface, and how our past plays a role in our current struggles. I believe that our symptoms are important communication. They serve a purpose and it takes time to understand their complexity.
Welcome to my office! I am a psychoanalytic psychotherapist who is committed to helping individuals attain lasting and profound change. What is psychoanalytic psychotherapy? It’s a way of understanding ourselves and our difficulties by looking at our motivations, what’s beneath the surface, and how our past plays a role in our current struggles. I believe that our symptoms are important communication. They serve a purpose and it takes time to understand their complexity.
(323) 894-7867 View (323) 894-7867
Photo of Carol Waisman, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carol Waisman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90066
Are you uncomfortable in social situations, or experiencing conflict in important relationships? Do you struggle with unwanted habits? My practice is dedicated to assisting you to resolve emotional and behavioral issues that interfere with optimal functioning. By acquiring tools to help manage your moods and feelings, you can loosen compulsive patterns and achieve greater self-acceptance. I work collaboratively with my clients and strive to develop a partnership that begins with listening.
Are you uncomfortable in social situations, or experiencing conflict in important relationships? Do you struggle with unwanted habits? My practice is dedicated to assisting you to resolve emotional and behavioral issues that interfere with optimal functioning. By acquiring tools to help manage your moods and feelings, you can loosen compulsive patterns and achieve greater self-acceptance. I work collaboratively with my clients and strive to develop a partnership that begins with listening.
(310) 912-3021 View (310) 912-3021
Photo of Lorin Gottlieb, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Lorin Gottlieb
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90039
You deserve to be heard! Whether you are searching for your voice in your personal or professional life, or you are looking to creatively unblock and find your artistic potential, you deserve support throughout this process. We are all in a collective period of change and transition. These moments can cause anxiety and fear, but you don't have to endure this alone. I believe using a holistic approach to help clients find their inner strength and get through difficult transitions in their life. Let's work together to finally put you first in your own life!
You deserve to be heard! Whether you are searching for your voice in your personal or professional life, or you are looking to creatively unblock and find your artistic potential, you deserve support throughout this process. We are all in a collective period of change and transition. These moments can cause anxiety and fear, but you don't have to endure this alone. I believe using a holistic approach to help clients find their inner strength and get through difficult transitions in their life. Let's work together to finally put you first in your own life!
(626) 551-4691 View (626) 551-4691
Photo of Geri-Lynn Cesar, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Geri-Lynn Cesar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90036  (Online Only)
I am currently only providing telehealth services. I work with individuals, couples, and families to pay witness to and overcome the traumas and difficulties in their lives. My aim to empower and provide support to those who have anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship stress, and chronic illness.
I am currently only providing telehealth services. I work with individuals, couples, and families to pay witness to and overcome the traumas and difficulties in their lives. My aim to empower and provide support to those who have anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship stress, and chronic illness.
(818) 722-6426 View (818) 722-6426
Photo of Korina Echeverria, LPCC
Korina Echeverria
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90041  (Online Only)
Hello! I’m Korina Echeverria, my approach centers on creating a nurturing and empowering environment that can foster your emotional well-being and personal development. My hope is that by building a strong and trusting relationship, you feel truly supported as you work towards healing and achieving your goals. I am passionate about creating a supportive space where you and your family can thrive. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) committed to supporting your growth and well-being. I am fluent in both Spanish and English and embrace a bicultural perspective.
Hello! I’m Korina Echeverria, my approach centers on creating a nurturing and empowering environment that can foster your emotional well-being and personal development. My hope is that by building a strong and trusting relationship, you feel truly supported as you work towards healing and achieving your goals. I am passionate about creating a supportive space where you and your family can thrive. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) committed to supporting your growth and well-being. I am fluent in both Spanish and English and embrace a bicultural perspective.
(213) 797-5961 View (213) 797-5961
Photo of Lee Ann Teaney, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lee Ann Teaney
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90066
Waitlist for new clients
These are such intense and overwhelming times. We are all grieving. Before 2020 maybe you had some anxiety or a history of trauma but overall you were functioning and feeling OK without ongoing therapy. Or despite all you do to take care of yourself, you were experiencing quite a bit of anxiety and stress, struggling with feelings of shame, anger or self-hatred for a very long time. Since 2020 your nervous system is on overload and everything feels overwhelming, exhausting, scary. The existential pain you’ve struggled with is back and real and being felt by you and people all over the world.
These are such intense and overwhelming times. We are all grieving. Before 2020 maybe you had some anxiety or a history of trauma but overall you were functioning and feeling OK without ongoing therapy. Or despite all you do to take care of yourself, you were experiencing quite a bit of anxiety and stress, struggling with feelings of shame, anger or self-hatred for a very long time. Since 2020 your nervous system is on overload and everything feels overwhelming, exhausting, scary. The existential pain you’ve struggled with is back and real and being felt by you and people all over the world.
(310) 980-8988 View (310) 980-8988
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Los Angeles, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
73% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Angeles, CA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Angeles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.