Photo of Reena Bernards, Marriage & Family Therapist in Maryland
Reena Bernards
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
Close and warm relationships are key to a successful family life, individual health, and to a happy life as a couple. I work collaboratively with families to improve communication between parent and child, deal with underlying emotions, and to address problems together. I help couples find their way back to the initial strong bond that brought them together. I assist parents in finding successful strategies to deal with emotional outbursts, school difficulties, and sibling conflicts. Together we address specific challenges that children face such as learning differences and mood swings. I specialize in working with adoption and multicultural families.
Close and warm relationships are key to a successful family life, individual health, and to a happy life as a couple. I work collaboratively with families to improve communication between parent and child, deal with underlying emotions, and to address problems together. I help couples find their way back to the initial strong bond that brought them together. I assist parents in finding successful strategies to deal with emotional outbursts, school difficulties, and sibling conflicts. Together we address specific challenges that children face such as learning differences and mood swings. I specialize in working with adoption and multicultural families.
(301) 433-7659 View (301) 433-7659
Photo of The Barker Adoption Foundation, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
The Barker Adoption Foundation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
Are you wondering if your child's current struggles are related to developmental challenges related to adoption or something else; struggling with decisions about how and when to share specific adoption information with your child; is your child ready for search/reunion; need assistance navigating an open adoption, behavioral challenges? Give me a call.
Touched by Adoption? The Barker Foundation recognizes that adoption is a lifelong journey, with normal developmental challenges and tasks. We will walk with you through and support you through your journey. Whether you are an adoptive parent with a child that is struggling emotionally or academically; a birth parent who is seeking understanding, reflection, or search and reunion; or an adoptee looking for support- we are here for you.
Are you wondering if your child's current struggles are related to developmental challenges related to adoption or something else; struggling with decisions about how and when to share specific adoption information with your child; is your child ready for search/reunion; need assistance navigating an open adoption, behavioral challenges? Give me a call.
Touched by Adoption? The Barker Foundation recognizes that adoption is a lifelong journey, with normal developmental challenges and tasks. We will walk with you through and support you through your journey. Whether you are an adoptive parent with a child that is struggling emotionally or academically; a birth parent who is seeking understanding, reflection, or search and reunion; or an adoptee looking for support- we are here for you.
(240) 245-2720 View (240) 245-2720
Photo of Varda Makovsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Varda Makovsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20902
I have a special interest and extensive experience working with individuals who were adopted - at all stages of their adult lives, as they explore how adoption may have impacted their lives, identity and relationships.
Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and/or are navigating life transitions, my goal is to create a safe and supportive space for exploration and growth. My approach to therapy is client-centered and collaborative. I work with clients to gain enhanced self-understanding, address challenges, build resilience, adopt new coping skills and affect meaningful change. Special areas of focus include: anxiety, depression, fertility and family-building, grief/loss, adult ADHD, family dynamics, and life transitions.
I have a special interest and extensive experience working with individuals who were adopted - at all stages of their adult lives, as they explore how adoption may have impacted their lives, identity and relationships.
Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and/or are navigating life transitions, my goal is to create a safe and supportive space for exploration and growth. My approach to therapy is client-centered and collaborative. I work with clients to gain enhanced self-understanding, address challenges, build resilience, adopt new coping skills and affect meaningful change. Special areas of focus include: anxiety, depression, fertility and family-building, grief/loss, adult ADHD, family dynamics, and life transitions.
(301) 701-5238 View (301) 701-5238
Photo of Linda L. Bloch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Linda L. Bloch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW-C, RN
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20852
My practice includes issues related to depression, anxiety, trauma, adoption, domestic violence, grief.
TELETHERAPY AVAILABLE. As both a Clinical Social Worker and Registered Nurse, I have a broad perspective on mental health issues and treatment options. I have over 25 years of experience helping adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
My practice includes issues related to depression, anxiety, trauma, adoption, domestic violence, grief.
TELETHERAPY AVAILABLE. As both a Clinical Social Worker and Registered Nurse, I have a broad perspective on mental health issues and treatment options. I have over 25 years of experience helping adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
(301) 684-5357 View (301) 684-5357
Photo of Joanne Wolf Small, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Joanne Wolf Small
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
Forty years personal and professional experience uniquely qualifies me to understand the particular issues affecting individuals touched by adoption, infertility, kinship, attachment, and DNA search.
I believe we are all finally recognizing that a more holistic approach to treatment is needed. With over 40+ years of experience working in community mental health and private practice, I know the importance on our assessing and understanding all of the ways society impacts every individual. Everything around us matters, even beyond our personal relationships with our families, colleagues and friends. Speaking as a proud social worker, I know to effectively diagnose and treat a human problem needs a fully inclusive, psycho-social model of evaluation. I am here, tailored to help for your specific and unique needs.
Forty years personal and professional experience uniquely qualifies me to understand the particular issues affecting individuals touched by adoption, infertility, kinship, attachment, and DNA search.
I believe we are all finally recognizing that a more holistic approach to treatment is needed. With over 40+ years of experience working in community mental health and private practice, I know the importance on our assessing and understanding all of the ways society impacts every individual. Everything around us matters, even beyond our personal relationships with our families, colleagues and friends. Speaking as a proud social worker, I know to effectively diagnose and treat a human problem needs a fully inclusive, psycho-social model of evaluation. I am here, tailored to help for your specific and unique needs.
(301) 298-3135 View (301) 298-3135
Photo of Melissa Herendeen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Melissa Herendeen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
I work with children, adolescents, and adults touched by adoption. Through an attachment and trauma-informed approach clients are able to find internal safety and better understanding of themselves and their experience as an adopted person, parent, or birth parent. Many clients come with complex layers of anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, relationship challenges, and ambiguous grief. Through the therapeutic relationship clients gain tools for internal validation, strategies to best manage their challenges, and opportunities to explore complex emotions in a safe environment.
I work with children, adolescents, and adults touched by adoption. Through an attachment and trauma-informed approach clients are able to find internal safety and better understanding of themselves and their experience as an adopted person, parent, or birth parent. Many clients come with complex layers of anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, relationship challenges, and ambiguous grief. Through the therapeutic relationship clients gain tools for internal validation, strategies to best manage their challenges, and opportunities to explore complex emotions in a safe environment.
(240) 652-2309 View (240) 652-2309
Photo of Emma Wanroy, Counselor in Maryland
Emma Wanroy
Counselor, MA, LGPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286  (Online Only)
Because of my lived experience as an adoptee, and training as an adoption competent therapist, I am most passionate about helping other adoptees navigate their identity and better understand how their adoption has impacted them throughout their lives.
I'm only seeing clients located in Maryland and fully virtual! I believe by exploring our past experiences and relationships we can find answers to better understand our own behaviors and thought processes. Our best healing happens throughout the context of a safe relationship and that is what I offer in therapy; a safe place where my client can explore their pain, trauma, hurt, and confusion in order to heal and live the most meaningful life possible. My clients know what their goals are and are excited to get to work but may need more accountability or support. Sometimes they aren't so clear and I can help with that, too!
Because of my lived experience as an adoptee, and training as an adoption competent therapist, I am most passionate about helping other adoptees navigate their identity and better understand how their adoption has impacted them throughout their lives.
I'm only seeing clients located in Maryland and fully virtual! I believe by exploring our past experiences and relationships we can find answers to better understand our own behaviors and thought processes. Our best healing happens throughout the context of a safe relationship and that is what I offer in therapy; a safe place where my client can explore their pain, trauma, hurt, and confusion in order to heal and live the most meaningful life possible. My clients know what their goals are and are excited to get to work but may need more accountability or support. Sometimes they aren't so clear and I can help with that, too!
(240) 512-8119 View (240) 512-8119
Photo of Julie Bulitt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Julie Bulitt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20906  (Online Only)
I am affiliated with Center for Adoption Support and Education (CASE) and was trained as adoption competent therapist.
I am committed to offering the very best in individual, couples and family therapy. Specialties include ADHD and executive function coaching, with an expertise in adoption, anxiety and learning disabilities. I use a strength based approach to helping people find life balance. I work with my clients to find strategies that help them improve their lives.
I am affiliated with Center for Adoption Support and Education (CASE) and was trained as adoption competent therapist.
I am committed to offering the very best in individual, couples and family therapy. Specialties include ADHD and executive function coaching, with an expertise in adoption, anxiety and learning disabilities. I use a strength based approach to helping people find life balance. I work with my clients to find strategies that help them improve their lives.
(240) 724-2528 View (240) 724-2528
Photo of Christa Carlton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Christa Carlton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C, LICSW, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with people impacted by adoption and survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence.
People come to me with the need for a non-judgmental space to explore their own lived experiences and express their thoughts and feelings. I specialize in supporting survivors of trauma and employ a client-centered, strengths-based approach. I help clients develop insight around factors influencing development, understand the mind-body connection, and explore individualized strategies for optimizing mental wellness. I have experience supporting clients around a variety of needs including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, neurodiversity, identity, special needs parenting, relationships, behaviors, and substance use.
I specialize in working with people impacted by adoption and survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence.
People come to me with the need for a non-judgmental space to explore their own lived experiences and express their thoughts and feelings. I specialize in supporting survivors of trauma and employ a client-centered, strengths-based approach. I help clients develop insight around factors influencing development, understand the mind-body connection, and explore individualized strategies for optimizing mental wellness. I have experience supporting clients around a variety of needs including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, neurodiversity, identity, special needs parenting, relationships, behaviors, and substance use.
(443) 785-2982 View (443) 785-2982
Photo of Carroll Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Carroll Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286
Maybe you've seen lots of different therapists, how will adoption focused counseling be different? As a transracial adoptee myself, I have personal insight and have worked with many families like yours.
Finding a therapist you connect with can feel so overwhelming you avoid it. But that is probably why you're here, because there have been things you've been avoiding and you're ready to get some help. Being foster and adoptive parents is way harder than most people understand, especially those who haven't experienced the invasive and arduous process. As a teen or young adult, you might be feeling lost or angry. You might be having a harder time than others figuring out who are you are and where you fit in the world. My style fuses warmth, humor, and directness.
Maybe you've seen lots of different therapists, how will adoption focused counseling be different? As a transracial adoptee myself, I have personal insight and have worked with many families like yours.
Finding a therapist you connect with can feel so overwhelming you avoid it. But that is probably why you're here, because there have been things you've been avoiding and you're ready to get some help. Being foster and adoptive parents is way harder than most people understand, especially those who haven't experienced the invasive and arduous process. As a teen or young adult, you might be feeling lost or angry. You might be having a harder time than others figuring out who are you are and where you fit in the world. My style fuses warmth, humor, and directness.
(540) 401-5455 View (540) 401-5455
Photo of Rachel Harrison, Licensed Professional Counselor in Maryland
Rachel Harrison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMH, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Frederick, MD 21701
I specialize in working with those who have been touched by the circle of adoption, including individuals who have been adopted, adoptive families, and birth families.
Many people are facing difficult challenges in life, both past and present. If this is you, I would welcome the opportunity to meet with you and work together to create a plan for therapy that will lead to feeling better and to the resolution of your past difficulties. I specialize in EMDR Therapy, anxiety, and those touched by the circle of adoption.
I specialize in working with those who have been touched by the circle of adoption, including individuals who have been adopted, adoptive families, and birth families.
Many people are facing difficult challenges in life, both past and present. If this is you, I would welcome the opportunity to meet with you and work together to create a plan for therapy that will lead to feeling better and to the resolution of your past difficulties. I specialize in EMDR Therapy, anxiety, and those touched by the circle of adoption.
(301) 304-7108 View (301) 304-7108
Photo of Heather Ulrich, Psychologist in Maryland
Heather Ulrich
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Elkton, MD 21921
Dr. Ulrich is using the latest technology to provide a new way to support separated or divorced parents navigating their separation for the best interest of their children including co-parenting therapy and parenting coordination. Using secure video conferencing, Dr. Ulrich assists parents and families in navigating their current environments in a healthy, adaptive manner to minimize further conflict or trauma. Dr. Ulrich also provides remote parent coaching for a wide range of child problems and specializes in parenting support for developmental trauma, reactive attachment disorder, and adoption/foster care families.
Dr. Ulrich is using the latest technology to provide a new way to support separated or divorced parents navigating their separation for the best interest of their children including co-parenting therapy and parenting coordination. Using secure video conferencing, Dr. Ulrich assists parents and families in navigating their current environments in a healthy, adaptive manner to minimize further conflict or trauma. Dr. Ulrich also provides remote parent coaching for a wide range of child problems and specializes in parenting support for developmental trauma, reactive attachment disorder, and adoption/foster care families.
(828) 668-5332 View (828) 668-5332
Photo of Nancy Hayes-Gary Psy.d., Psychologist in Maryland
Nancy Hayes-Gary Psy.d.
Psychologist, PsyD, D
Verified Verified
Timonium, MD 21093  (Online Only)
Therapy provides a safe relationship to resolve concerns with yoursself. I have 34 years of experience providing psychotherapy. I have specialized in the treatment of trauma, such as childhood abuse, loss, grief, chronic illness, suicidal feelings/experiences and depression and anxiety problems. In addition, I have often helped people with infertility/adoption and family communication/attachment problems and am skilled in hypnosis. I am also certified by Psypact to offer therapy in over 26 states.
Therapy provides a safe relationship to resolve concerns with yoursself. I have 34 years of experience providing psychotherapy. I have specialized in the treatment of trauma, such as childhood abuse, loss, grief, chronic illness, suicidal feelings/experiences and depression and anxiety problems. In addition, I have often helped people with infertility/adoption and family communication/attachment problems and am skilled in hypnosis. I am also certified by Psypact to offer therapy in over 26 states.
(410) 394-9314 View (410) 394-9314
Photo of Katie R Thompson, Counselor in Maryland
Katie R Thompson
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Eldersburg, MD 21784
Waitlist for new clients
My clinical experience includes working with children, families, and adults whose stories include anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, adoption, and neurodivergent behaviors.
We all have a story. Our stories define us in many ways. If you are scrolling through this website then you have already started the hardest part of therapy—making a decision to invite someone else in to your story. As your counselor, I aim to help you integrate all parts of your story within a framework of safety, compassion, and authenticity. I understand the importance of feeling safe, and acknowledge it will take time to build rapport. As a person who has faced many of her own obstacles, I offer a unique emphasis on self-compassion and acceptance along with accountability and action when needed.
My clinical experience includes working with children, families, and adults whose stories include anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, adoption, and neurodivergent behaviors.
We all have a story. Our stories define us in many ways. If you are scrolling through this website then you have already started the hardest part of therapy—making a decision to invite someone else in to your story. As your counselor, I aim to help you integrate all parts of your story within a framework of safety, compassion, and authenticity. I understand the importance of feeling safe, and acknowledge it will take time to build rapport. As a person who has faced many of her own obstacles, I offer a unique emphasis on self-compassion and acceptance along with accountability and action when needed.
(410) 936-6502 View (410) 936-6502
Photo of Classen-Miller and Associates, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Classen-Miller and Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MSW
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20852
Specialties of our therapists include depression, anxiety, addiction, substance abuse, bipolar, borderline personality, dual diagnosis, self-harm, OCD, psychosis, eating disorders, adoption, learning disability, ADHD, autism, insomnia, divorce, women's issues, infertility, cross-cultural, marital, couples, relationships, family conflict, trauma, PTSD, grief.
TELETHERAPY AND IN-OFFICE APPOINTMENTS with experienced psychotherapists who are licensed at the highest level of their profession. We accept mayor insurance plans and work with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families, Our clinicians reflect the full diversity of our community. We provide a safe and nonjudgmental environment that enables our clients to work towards solutions, develop coping skills and have a better understanding of the issues that interfere with self-esteem and a sense of well being.
Specialties of our therapists include depression, anxiety, addiction, substance abuse, bipolar, borderline personality, dual diagnosis, self-harm, OCD, psychosis, eating disorders, adoption, learning disability, ADHD, autism, insomnia, divorce, women's issues, infertility, cross-cultural, marital, couples, relationships, family conflict, trauma, PTSD, grief.
TELETHERAPY AND IN-OFFICE APPOINTMENTS with experienced psychotherapists who are licensed at the highest level of their profession. We accept mayor insurance plans and work with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families, Our clinicians reflect the full diversity of our community. We provide a safe and nonjudgmental environment that enables our clients to work towards solutions, develop coping skills and have a better understanding of the issues that interfere with self-esteem and a sense of well being.
(301) 918-5312 View (301) 918-5312
Photo of Joan Rabinor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Joan Rabinor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
I bring to my practice the experience of forty years of professional work with individuals and couples, as well as the wisdom and personal growth that I have gained from dealing with my own life challenges. I am particularly effective with clients as they deal with forming and maintaining intimate relationships, sorting through identity and career conflicts, coping with grief and loss, and managing life transitions. Infertility and adoption issues have long been an area of expertise. All these situations are filled with intense emotionality and anguish yet demand solid, clear thinking.
I bring to my practice the experience of forty years of professional work with individuals and couples, as well as the wisdom and personal growth that I have gained from dealing with my own life challenges. I am particularly effective with clients as they deal with forming and maintaining intimate relationships, sorting through identity and career conflicts, coping with grief and loss, and managing life transitions. Infertility and adoption issues have long been an area of expertise. All these situations are filled with intense emotionality and anguish yet demand solid, clear thinking.
(301) 654-8468 View (301) 654-8468
Photo of Katie Cogan, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Maryland
Katie Cogan
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, LCC
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814  (Online Only)
Katie specializes in PTSD, adoption/foster care issues, helping people who are suffering from chronic illnesses. Katie has an interest in how we can develop second careers as “retire” and reinvent ourselves to use our wealth of wisdom.
Katie specializes in PTSD, adoption/foster care issues, helping people who are suffering from chronic illnesses. Katie has an interest in how we can develop second careers as “retire” and reinvent ourselves to use our wealth of wisdom.
(240) 541-5476 View (240) 541-5476
Photo of CRM Consulting, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
CRM Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Laurel, MD 20708  (Online Only)
20+ years of experience in various settings including child welfare, adoption, criminal justice and schools, have provided me extensive expertise in helping clients manage grief, loss, interpersonal relationships, anxiety and stress.
In life, we all come to stages, at times, where we acknowledge that we need support. If you are frustrated, anxious, sad, confused and/or unsure of where your relationship or life is headed, I can help! Whether you are experiencing health concerns, relationship issues, personal conflicts or any other life transitions, learning to cope can be a game changer and you can gain the skills for better clarity and peace. My service is provided via confidential online therapy only.
20+ years of experience in various settings including child welfare, adoption, criminal justice and schools, have provided me extensive expertise in helping clients manage grief, loss, interpersonal relationships, anxiety and stress.
In life, we all come to stages, at times, where we acknowledge that we need support. If you are frustrated, anxious, sad, confused and/or unsure of where your relationship or life is headed, I can help! Whether you are experiencing health concerns, relationship issues, personal conflicts or any other life transitions, learning to cope can be a game changer and you can gain the skills for better clarity and peace. My service is provided via confidential online therapy only.
(240) 802-8746 View (240) 802-8746
Photo of Michelle Valdivia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Michelle Valdivia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
Adoption is a profound and enduring journey that encompasses a range of developmental challenges and milestones. It is not merely a singular event but an ongoing process of personal growth. I have a personal connection to adoption and specialize in offering customized therapy for children and teenagers grappling with issues like anxiety, ADHD, grief, transitions, and behavioral difficulties.
Adoption is a profound and enduring journey that encompasses a range of developmental challenges and milestones. It is not merely a singular event but an ongoing process of personal growth. I have a personal connection to adoption and specialize in offering customized therapy for children and teenagers grappling with issues like anxiety, ADHD, grief, transitions, and behavioral difficulties.
(240) 571-2291 View (240) 571-2291
Photo of Megan M Kniffen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Megan M Kniffen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Crofton, MD 21114  (Online Only)
I offer individual and family sessions and have specialized experience with issues regarding Caregiving, Dementia, Parenting, School issues, Trauma and Adoption.
The current times have led to an increase in people seeking counseling for anxiety, depression, adjustment and a host of other reasons. I'm ready to join with you as your partner in wellness and healing. It's important for you to feel comfortable so I offer free consultations to new clients.
I offer individual and family sessions and have specialized experience with issues regarding Caregiving, Dementia, Parenting, School issues, Trauma and Adoption.
The current times have led to an increase in people seeking counseling for anxiety, depression, adjustment and a host of other reasons. I'm ready to join with you as your partner in wellness and healing. It's important for you to feel comfortable so I offer free consultations to new clients.
(240) 209-9562 View (240) 209-9562
Adoption Therapists

Does my adopted child need therapy?

Not every adopted child needs therapy. However, many can benefit from seeing an adoption-informed therapist, especially if they were victims of abuse or neglect, appear withdrawn or disconnected, have behavioral or developmental issues (which may or may not be related to their adoption), are struggling with feelings of grief or loss surrounding their birth parents, or find it difficult to establish an identity, a challenge that often becomes most apparent during adolescence.

When should adoptive parents seek therapy?

Prospective parents can benefit from therapy even before an adoption—for example, to voice worries and fears; to reconcile infertility struggles, if relevant; or simply to prepare themselves for parenthood. After the adoption, parents who are struggling to bond with their child; are unsure how to talk about adoption or related issues, such as race; or whose child is dealing with developmental, behavioral, or psychiatric concerns can address these and other issues with the help of an adoption-competent therapist.

Is family therapy appropriate for adoptive families?

Family therapy can be invaluable for strengthening the bond between adoptive parents and children, helping the latter feel more secure in their place in the family. Family therapy can also help adoptive families navigate complex communication issues—for example, parents who feel uncomfortable discussing race with their child, who in turn feels invalidated by their silence, or a child who has questions about his birth parents but avoids asking them out of fear of hurting his adoptive parents’ feelings.

What therapy is not appropriate for adoption issues?

A discredited therapy known as “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy” or “rebirthing therapy”) should not be used to treat adopted and foster children, though it was largely designed for this population. Attachment therapy involves restraining, coercing, and punishing the child in order for them to “release” negative emotions and attach to their new caregivers—techniques that are abusive and dangerous and have even proven fatal in some cases.