Therapists in Fairfax, VA

Photo of Seth Yavit - Art Therapist - Dc And Va, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Seth Yavit - Art Therapist - Dc And Va
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
Are you struggling to build or maintain relationships, manage emotions, or adjust to life's challenges? Depression, anxiety, anger, autism, schizophrenia, bipolar, and other disorders can be challenging to face alone. Therapy can help you build coping skills that you can use to overcome your challenges. While trauma can cause great pain in your life, learning the tools to become more positive and more focused can turn those defeats into the very things that build perseverance. I have helped clients of all ages overcome challenges to unlock more fulfilling lives. So reach out, I look forward to helping.
Are you struggling to build or maintain relationships, manage emotions, or adjust to life's challenges? Depression, anxiety, anger, autism, schizophrenia, bipolar, and other disorders can be challenging to face alone. Therapy can help you build coping skills that you can use to overcome your challenges. While trauma can cause great pain in your life, learning the tools to become more positive and more focused can turn those defeats into the very things that build perseverance. I have helped clients of all ages overcome challenges to unlock more fulfilling lives. So reach out, I look forward to helping.
(202) 217-1193 View (202) 217-1193
Photo of Kendra D Smith, Supervisee in Clinical Social Work in Fairfax, VA
Kendra D Smith
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
As a dedicated and compassionate Master of Social Work (MSW) professional currently working towards licensure as a Clinical Social Worker, I am passionate about empowering individuals to overcome life's challenges. I am committed to providing a supportive and growth-oriented space for those seeking guidance and healing. I believe that using tools such as CBT, DBT, solution-focused work, and trauma-informed interventions can allow people the opportunity to grow into the person they desire. I am currently under the supervision of Heather Harper, LCSW, ensuring that I adhere to the highest ethical and professional standards.
As a dedicated and compassionate Master of Social Work (MSW) professional currently working towards licensure as a Clinical Social Worker, I am passionate about empowering individuals to overcome life's challenges. I am committed to providing a supportive and growth-oriented space for those seeking guidance and healing. I believe that using tools such as CBT, DBT, solution-focused work, and trauma-informed interventions can allow people the opportunity to grow into the person they desire. I am currently under the supervision of Heather Harper, LCSW, ensuring that I adhere to the highest ethical and professional standards.
(540) 692-3922 View (540) 692-3922
Photo of Kara Sheehan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fairfax, VA
Kara Sheehan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I am an energetic and compassionate therapist who received my Master's degree from GW. I specialize in addressing trauma, depression, anxiety, and various mood disorders. My clients have described me as down-to-earth, present and intuitive. I have a unique knack in connecting with clients and provide a non-judgmental space. I tailor each therapeutic experience to the needs of each client but also specialize in utilizing art therapy in session.
I am an energetic and compassionate therapist who received my Master's degree from GW. I specialize in addressing trauma, depression, anxiety, and various mood disorders. My clients have described me as down-to-earth, present and intuitive. I have a unique knack in connecting with clients and provide a non-judgmental space. I tailor each therapeutic experience to the needs of each client but also specialize in utilizing art therapy in session.
(571) 946-5072 View (571) 946-5072
Photo of Kanisha Wilson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Kanisha Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in trauma, substance abuse, depression and anxiety. I am trained in EMDR and Psychodrama techniques. My goal is to improve mental and behavioral challenges impacting adults, adolescents, and children. I offers individual and group psychotherapy services for ages six through late adulthood. Throughout my career, I have helped individuals and families develop positive communication skills, establish relapse prevention strategies, improve social and school functioning,regulate emotions effectively, as well as create and implement coping mechanisms
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in trauma, substance abuse, depression and anxiety. I am trained in EMDR and Psychodrama techniques. My goal is to improve mental and behavioral challenges impacting adults, adolescents, and children. I offers individual and group psychotherapy services for ages six through late adulthood. Throughout my career, I have helped individuals and families develop positive communication skills, establish relapse prevention strategies, improve social and school functioning,regulate emotions effectively, as well as create and implement coping mechanisms
(571) 487-7510 View (571) 487-7510
Photo of James A Dunbar III, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
James A Dunbar III
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW, MA
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Have you been feeling stuck? Anxious? Maybe you have been feeling a little down or out of sorts. Has there been less interest in the things you enjoy? Or maybe you have been a bit overwhelmed or irritable and feeling disconnected. I am here to help by using a compassionate, open-minded approach to provide you with the assistance and support you need to help with depression, anxiety, stress and life events. I understand the value of having a healthy body, a clear mind, and a strong spirit.
Have you been feeling stuck? Anxious? Maybe you have been feeling a little down or out of sorts. Has there been less interest in the things you enjoy? Or maybe you have been a bit overwhelmed or irritable and feeling disconnected. I am here to help by using a compassionate, open-minded approach to provide you with the assistance and support you need to help with depression, anxiety, stress and life events. I understand the value of having a healthy body, a clear mind, and a strong spirit.
(571) 496-9738 View (571) 496-9738
Photo of Katherine Hannon, Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Katherine Hannon
Counselor, LCPC, MA, NCC, BCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22031
Not accepting new clients
Finding a therapist who is a great match for you is essential to counseling, to helping you move forward with your life and relationships. Whether online or In my calm and comfortable office in Virginia, I help individuals learn tools to repair their relationships and counsel adults for depression, anxiety and grief. I provide a warm, non-judgmental setting to help you grow. We will work together as a team as I teach you how to use tools enhance your relationships; enrich your sense of self; cope and heal from loss; and manage symptoms of depression and anxiety. All sessions are for individual counseling, not for couples.
Finding a therapist who is a great match for you is essential to counseling, to helping you move forward with your life and relationships. Whether online or In my calm and comfortable office in Virginia, I help individuals learn tools to repair their relationships and counsel adults for depression, anxiety and grief. I provide a warm, non-judgmental setting to help you grow. We will work together as a team as I teach you how to use tools enhance your relationships; enrich your sense of self; cope and heal from loss; and manage symptoms of depression and anxiety. All sessions are for individual counseling, not for couples.
(703) 546-9576 View (703) 546-9576
Photo of Dr. Aaliyah Gibbons, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Dr. Aaliyah Gibbons
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma or PTSD, addiction, bipolar disorder, BPD, or grief? From normal life stressors to significant emotional experiences, my goal is to help you understand how these events have impacted who you are and how you've learned to cope. In even the most difficult of circumstances, I can help you find hope and learn the skills necessary to create a life that you truly enjoy.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma or PTSD, addiction, bipolar disorder, BPD, or grief? From normal life stressors to significant emotional experiences, my goal is to help you understand how these events have impacted who you are and how you've learned to cope. In even the most difficult of circumstances, I can help you find hope and learn the skills necessary to create a life that you truly enjoy.
(703) 782-3603 View (703) 782-3603
Photo of Julian Oley, Resident in Counseling in Fairfax, VA
Julian Oley
Resident in Counseling
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22031
Having been diagnosed with ADHD in middle school, and I am well aware of how it can affect individuals in school, work, and life settings. Like many, I struggled in school and didn’t know what I wanted to do in my life. After getting my bachelor's in psychology, I worked overseas for two years in China as a teacher because, at the time, I thought it might be the best path for me. But when I got back to the states, I found a job as a psychiatric technician at a hospital, and I went back to graduate school. After obtaining my Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, I began working in private practice as a therapist.
Having been diagnosed with ADHD in middle school, and I am well aware of how it can affect individuals in school, work, and life settings. Like many, I struggled in school and didn’t know what I wanted to do in my life. After getting my bachelor's in psychology, I worked overseas for two years in China as a teacher because, at the time, I thought it might be the best path for me. But when I got back to the states, I found a job as a psychiatric technician at a hospital, and I went back to graduate school. After obtaining my Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, I began working in private practice as a therapist.
(571) 200-3079 View (571) 200-3079
Photo of Charice Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Charice Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
Hello! I believe therapy is an opportunity to build on your strengths even in the midst of difficulty. I value taking a collaborative approach with clients and I thrive to be as relatable and understanding to each person’s challenges and concerns. The best way to establish change within a client is to work together. I have experience working with a variety of concerns and clients, which makes me a great choice for a therapist.
Hello! I believe therapy is an opportunity to build on your strengths even in the midst of difficulty. I value taking a collaborative approach with clients and I thrive to be as relatable and understanding to each person’s challenges and concerns. The best way to establish change within a client is to work together. I have experience working with a variety of concerns and clients, which makes me a great choice for a therapist.
(571) 489-4925 View (571) 489-4925
Photo of Sarah Hagen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Sarah Hagen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I help women through trying to conceive, infertility issues, grief and loss, adoption, pregnancy, postpartum, and beyond. Becoming a mother does not always go as expected, and parenting little humans can bring up a lot of big feelings. I am certified in perinatal mental health with specific training in perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, like postpartum (PP) depression, PP anxiety and PP OCD. I understand the unique experience of taking on this new role while still trying to maintain your own identity. I am here to support you throughout your journey of becoming a parent so that you can be the best version of yourself possible.
I help women through trying to conceive, infertility issues, grief and loss, adoption, pregnancy, postpartum, and beyond. Becoming a mother does not always go as expected, and parenting little humans can bring up a lot of big feelings. I am certified in perinatal mental health with specific training in perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, like postpartum (PP) depression, PP anxiety and PP OCD. I understand the unique experience of taking on this new role while still trying to maintain your own identity. I am here to support you throughout your journey of becoming a parent so that you can be the best version of yourself possible.
(571) 748-4202 View (571) 748-4202
Photo of Marketa Campbell, Supervisee in Clinical Social Work in Fairfax, VA
Marketa Campbell
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
I specialize in working with adults and young adults. I use short and long-term therapeutic approaches. If you are a person who is working through trauma, anxiety, depression, PTSD, borderline personality disorder, compulsions, or destructive relationship patterns; if you want to improve your well-being; whether this is a uniquely challenging time; or you are simply ready to take your life in a new direction, I am eager to help you achieve your goals.
I specialize in working with adults and young adults. I use short and long-term therapeutic approaches. If you are a person who is working through trauma, anxiety, depression, PTSD, borderline personality disorder, compulsions, or destructive relationship patterns; if you want to improve your well-being; whether this is a uniquely challenging time; or you are simply ready to take your life in a new direction, I am eager to help you achieve your goals.
(571) 556-5989 View (571) 556-5989
Photo of Be, Period - A Wellness Co., Pre-Licensed Professional in Fairfax, VA
Be, Period - A Wellness Co.
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-R, MA, QMHP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
I am a Clinical Mental Health Counselor, treating individuals, couples, family & group therapy. I specialize in expressive therapy for children and adolescents. I am experienced in applying object-relational, CBT, acceptance and commitment, solution focused, and various therapeutic approaches to assist the client in reaching their goals. I have worked with a variety of mental health conditions including ADHD, Autism Spectrum, Post Traumatic Stress, depression, and more. I'm a graduate of Marymount University and a PhD candidate.
I am a Clinical Mental Health Counselor, treating individuals, couples, family & group therapy. I specialize in expressive therapy for children and adolescents. I am experienced in applying object-relational, CBT, acceptance and commitment, solution focused, and various therapeutic approaches to assist the client in reaching their goals. I have worked with a variety of mental health conditions including ADHD, Autism Spectrum, Post Traumatic Stress, depression, and more. I'm a graduate of Marymount University and a PhD candidate.
(571) 601-3156 View (571) 601-3156
Photo of MZG Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
MZG Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), a Certified Integrative Mental Professional (CIMHP), and a former American Council on Exercise (ACE) personal trainer, I am able to support people who are struggling to overcome mental health challenges and physical ailments. We will discuss your strengths, presenting concerns, and your hopes for change in your life. Through collaboration and commitment, you can make the necessary adjustments in order to feel happy and successful.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), a Certified Integrative Mental Professional (CIMHP), and a former American Council on Exercise (ACE) personal trainer, I am able to support people who are struggling to overcome mental health challenges and physical ailments. We will discuss your strengths, presenting concerns, and your hopes for change in your life. Through collaboration and commitment, you can make the necessary adjustments in order to feel happy and successful.
(571) 601-2586 View (571) 601-2586
Photo of Jing Yuan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Jing Yuan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Welcome! Thank you for taking the time to care for your mental health! Although I don’t know what you are going through, I’m convinced that you are ready to take more control of your life. It will be my honor to work alongside you during this meaningful journey.
Welcome! Thank you for taking the time to care for your mental health! Although I don’t know what you are going through, I’m convinced that you are ready to take more control of your life. It will be my honor to work alongside you during this meaningful journey.
(571) 946-6597 View (571) 946-6597
Photo of Danielle Wade, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fairfax, VA
Danielle Wade
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, RIC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Are you going through a difficult time and unsure how to navigate it? Are you looking for a safe space to vent and be free to express yourself? Are you struggling with “societal norms?” Are you and your partner in need of additional support or guidance? If any of these questions apply to you, I would love to assist with your therapeutic journey today. My top priorities are empowerment, acceptance, inclusivity and growth. I offer a safe, culturally sensitive space for you to be vulnerable, validation of your feelings and experiences, and support in managing your emotions..
Are you going through a difficult time and unsure how to navigate it? Are you looking for a safe space to vent and be free to express yourself? Are you struggling with “societal norms?” Are you and your partner in need of additional support or guidance? If any of these questions apply to you, I would love to assist with your therapeutic journey today. My top priorities are empowerment, acceptance, inclusivity and growth. I offer a safe, culturally sensitive space for you to be vulnerable, validation of your feelings and experiences, and support in managing your emotions..
(571) 556-3942 View (571) 556-3942
Photo of Heather H Kirby, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Heather H Kirby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC, MEd
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
Not accepting new clients
I have been working with youth and families for over 20 years. I believe each client is unique and deserves a tailored approach to treatment. My style is direct, compassionate and creative, allowing me to connect with clients that others have found difficult to reach. I often draw upon alternative interventions (equine therapy, recreation, sand tray, music, writing, and art) to reach clients resistant to more traditional forms of therapy. I wrote "Wild at Heart: Adolescents, Horses & Other Kindred Spirits" as a means for offering a helpful perspective and effective strategies for parents dealing with the challenging teen years.
I have been working with youth and families for over 20 years. I believe each client is unique and deserves a tailored approach to treatment. My style is direct, compassionate and creative, allowing me to connect with clients that others have found difficult to reach. I often draw upon alternative interventions (equine therapy, recreation, sand tray, music, writing, and art) to reach clients resistant to more traditional forms of therapy. I wrote "Wild at Heart: Adolescents, Horses & Other Kindred Spirits" as a means for offering a helpful perspective and effective strategies for parents dealing with the challenging teen years.
(703) 260-7287 View (703) 260-7287
Photo of Tiffany Parkes-Moscova, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Tiffany Parkes-Moscova
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Are you ready to heal from your past trauma’s & do the work to have long, lasting, & loving relationships? Well you’ve found the person to help you on your journey. Hello my name is ​ Tiffany Parkes-Moscova and I have over 17 years of experience in the field of mental health, and substance abuse with adults, couples, adolescents, and families. I give my clients tools to help them with good positive coping mechanisms. We do the work together. The work that it takes to get you to where you need to be to feel empowered, uplifted & understand self awareness.
Are you ready to heal from your past trauma’s & do the work to have long, lasting, & loving relationships? Well you’ve found the person to help you on your journey. Hello my name is ​ Tiffany Parkes-Moscova and I have over 17 years of experience in the field of mental health, and substance abuse with adults, couples, adolescents, and families. I give my clients tools to help them with good positive coping mechanisms. We do the work together. The work that it takes to get you to where you need to be to feel empowered, uplifted & understand self awareness.
(571) 554-1953 x646245 View (571) 554-1953 x646245
Photo of Y. Juan Kim, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Y. Juan Kim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who for the past 12 years has been serving members of our community facing the demoralizing effects of pervasive depression, anxiety, compulsions, addictions, mania, and psychosis.  What drives me as a clinician is the privilege of witnessing clients who were once stuck in a place of helplessness take intentional and decisive action toward their better future.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who for the past 12 years has been serving members of our community facing the demoralizing effects of pervasive depression, anxiety, compulsions, addictions, mania, and psychosis.  What drives me as a clinician is the privilege of witnessing clients who were once stuck in a place of helplessness take intentional and decisive action toward their better future.
(571) 444-6960 x11 View (571) 444-6960 x11
Photo of Dr. Laura Russell, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Dr. Laura Russell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Are you feeling emotionally depleted or fearfully uncertain about the future? I offer therapy for individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship issues, OCD, insomnia, trauma, chronic pain, and ADHD. If you are feeling distressed, isolated, or experiencing problems in your relationships I hope I can guide you through these challenging times. My goal as your therapist would be to help you find your own pathway to healing, balance, and a peace of mind.
Are you feeling emotionally depleted or fearfully uncertain about the future? I offer therapy for individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship issues, OCD, insomnia, trauma, chronic pain, and ADHD. If you are feeling distressed, isolated, or experiencing problems in your relationships I hope I can guide you through these challenging times. My goal as your therapist would be to help you find your own pathway to healing, balance, and a peace of mind.
(571) 526-0449 View (571) 526-0449
Jennifer Mossgrove
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I believe in the power of psychology to restore health and happiness to those whose lives have been overcome by distress. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression and interpersonal problems associated with both every day life stress as well as with a history of trauma. I work with adolescents and adults in an individual therapy setting. In addition, I provide psychological assessment and consultation for educational and psychiatric purposes.
I believe in the power of psychology to restore health and happiness to those whose lives have been overcome by distress. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression and interpersonal problems associated with both every day life stress as well as with a history of trauma. I work with adolescents and adults in an individual therapy setting. In addition, I provide psychological assessment and consultation for educational and psychiatric purposes.
(571) 402-4892 View (571) 402-4892

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fairfax, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Fairfax, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
72% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
63% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Cigna and Evernorth
58% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Fairfax, VA see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fairfax?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.