Therapists in Centreville, VA

Photo of Ann Boyer Holmes - Ann Boyer Holmes, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ann Boyer Holmes, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
6 Endorsed
Centreville, VA 20120
Would you like to become the best version of yourself? That journey begins with figuring out what you want, choosing what you believe and taking responsibility for the changes you want to make. This is a step by step process best achieved in an environment of unconditional positive regard, validation and genuineness. I use evidence-based techniques including Cognitive Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Interpersonal Therapy along with mindfulness, assertiveness training and relaxation techniques. I am out of network for all insurance but happy to help you navigate that process. Ask me if you qualify for a reduced fee.
Would you like to become the best version of yourself? That journey begins with figuring out what you want, choosing what you believe and taking responsibility for the changes you want to make. This is a step by step process best achieved in an environment of unconditional positive regard, validation and genuineness. I use evidence-based techniques including Cognitive Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Interpersonal Therapy along with mindfulness, assertiveness training and relaxation techniques. I am out of network for all insurance but happy to help you navigate that process. Ask me if you qualify for a reduced fee.
(703) 884-2177 View (703) 884-2177
Photo of Laurel Musson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Laurel Musson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Lately life is relentless. Overwhelming. Filled with demands. Suddenly, you’re full time mom, teacher, employee of the year and queen of the zoom meeting! There’s never a moment to yourself…yet you’ve never felt more alone, invisible, exhausted by it all. You find yourself anxious. How to balance all the competing demands and still have time to go get the groceries, let alone sleep a few hours before you get up to do it again? Your mind circles, trying to figure some way out of the trap…you don’t want to be grouchy. You long to get back to connection and peace, to be the fun-loving mom you always thought you’d be.
Lately life is relentless. Overwhelming. Filled with demands. Suddenly, you’re full time mom, teacher, employee of the year and queen of the zoom meeting! There’s never a moment to yourself…yet you’ve never felt more alone, invisible, exhausted by it all. You find yourself anxious. How to balance all the competing demands and still have time to go get the groceries, let alone sleep a few hours before you get up to do it again? Your mind circles, trying to figure some way out of the trap…you don’t want to be grouchy. You long to get back to connection and peace, to be the fun-loving mom you always thought you’d be.
(571) 378-5767 View (571) 378-5767
Photo of Erika Neil, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, JD
Erika Neil
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, JD
Online Only
Building on the strengths of each client, I provide a warm, accepting environment in which to address inner and outer obstacles. My clients are typically dealing with difficult transitions or emotional states that are preventing them from enjoying life to the fullest. I work collaboratively to understand and get to the root of distressing thoughts and feelings. My style is compassionate and solution-focused, and is individualized to each person's needs. I teach clients mind-body strategies to empower them to handle challenges, and to cultivate positive emotional states.
Building on the strengths of each client, I provide a warm, accepting environment in which to address inner and outer obstacles. My clients are typically dealing with difficult transitions or emotional states that are preventing them from enjoying life to the fullest. I work collaboratively to understand and get to the root of distressing thoughts and feelings. My style is compassionate and solution-focused, and is individualized to each person's needs. I teach clients mind-body strategies to empower them to handle challenges, and to cultivate positive emotional states.
(571) 200-1202 View (571) 200-1202
Photo of Thomas Macalik, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Thomas Macalik
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Centreville, VA 20121
As a family therapist and father, I deeply understand the journey of parenthood. Being a parent is incredibly rewarding, and paved with moments of overwhelm, anxiety, and helplessness. Within this context of immense love and inevitable struggle, I collaborate with parents to gain greater understanding, resilience, connection, skills, and joy in this role. I use a systemic approach, prioritizing the parent-child relationship as the catalyst for your child’s growth, well-being, and authentic self. Children help us know what they need, through play, and I serve as interpreter, helping parents know how best to respond to these needs.
As a family therapist and father, I deeply understand the journey of parenthood. Being a parent is incredibly rewarding, and paved with moments of overwhelm, anxiety, and helplessness. Within this context of immense love and inevitable struggle, I collaborate with parents to gain greater understanding, resilience, connection, skills, and joy in this role. I use a systemic approach, prioritizing the parent-child relationship as the catalyst for your child’s growth, well-being, and authentic self. Children help us know what they need, through play, and I serve as interpreter, helping parents know how best to respond to these needs.
(571) 569-7382 View (571) 569-7382
Photo of Kathryn Beirne, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathryn Beirne
Licensed Professional Counselor
Centreville, VA 20120
My goal is to help clients of all ages navigate their unique challenges and life transitions by empowering them to recognize and utilize their own strengths, values, and insights. I provide a nonjudgmental, empathetic space for you to increase awareness of patterns of behaviors, adopt new ways of thinking, and learn new or use existing skills to manage, heal and grow from presenting issues. I start by getting to know you and your unique story and worldview and then work with you to collaborate on your goals for therapy. I utilize multiple therapeutic modalities, with a strong emphasis on cognitive behavior therapy.
My goal is to help clients of all ages navigate their unique challenges and life transitions by empowering them to recognize and utilize their own strengths, values, and insights. I provide a nonjudgmental, empathetic space for you to increase awareness of patterns of behaviors, adopt new ways of thinking, and learn new or use existing skills to manage, heal and grow from presenting issues. I start by getting to know you and your unique story and worldview and then work with you to collaborate on your goals for therapy. I utilize multiple therapeutic modalities, with a strong emphasis on cognitive behavior therapy.
(571) 624-2057 View (571) 624-2057
Photo of Dr. Christina Cress, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Christina Cress
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Centreville, VA 20121
If you have found yourself in the midst of a change or are looking for your life to feel different, you are in the right place and I am here to help. I help people navigate change: going to college, having a child, mourning the loss of a loved one, ending a relationship, and so much more. I also offer therapy for therapists and seek to create a safe space for fellow mentaI health providers. My goal is to come alongside you and help you feel understood and validated. Send me a message and we can chat about if I might be the right fit for you.
If you have found yourself in the midst of a change or are looking for your life to feel different, you are in the right place and I am here to help. I help people navigate change: going to college, having a child, mourning the loss of a loved one, ending a relationship, and so much more. I also offer therapy for therapists and seek to create a safe space for fellow mentaI health providers. My goal is to come alongside you and help you feel understood and validated. Send me a message and we can chat about if I might be the right fit for you.
(571) 202-7126 View (571) 202-7126
Photo of Maria Perozzi, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Maria Perozzi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I’m a compassionate, non-judgmental therapist with nearly 20 years of experience supporting individuals, couples, and polycules. I specialize in relationship dynamics—including non-traditional structures such as ENM and polyamory—and am deeply affirming of LGBTQIA+ identities and relationships. I offer a safe, affirming space grounded in empathy, curiosity, and connection. I help with improving communication and conflict resolution skills, rebuilding connection and intimacy, streamlining parenting, repairing trust, and adjusting to life’s many changes.
I’m a compassionate, non-judgmental therapist with nearly 20 years of experience supporting individuals, couples, and polycules. I specialize in relationship dynamics—including non-traditional structures such as ENM and polyamory—and am deeply affirming of LGBTQIA+ identities and relationships. I offer a safe, affirming space grounded in empathy, curiosity, and connection. I help with improving communication and conflict resolution skills, rebuilding connection and intimacy, streamlining parenting, repairing trust, and adjusting to life’s many changes.
(571) 609-3149 View (571) 609-3149
Photo of Rebecca Hogg, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LSATP, BC-TMH, NCC
Rebecca Hogg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LSATP, BC-TMH, NCC
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you find yourself feeling overwhelmed or exhausted? Maybe you’re feeling confused, lost or stuck along the path of life? Have these emotions or the stressors of life overwhelmed your ability to cope? My approach is focused on you and your needs. I will support you to engage your strengths and self-compassion right NOW to reach your goals you identify and overcome challenges that you are facing. We will explore how you can thrive in the present, and grow your potential.
Do you find yourself feeling overwhelmed or exhausted? Maybe you’re feeling confused, lost or stuck along the path of life? Have these emotions or the stressors of life overwhelmed your ability to cope? My approach is focused on you and your needs. I will support you to engage your strengths and self-compassion right NOW to reach your goals you identify and overcome challenges that you are facing. We will explore how you can thrive in the present, and grow your potential.
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Photo of Beth Corliss, Psychologist, PhD
Beth Corliss
Psychologist, PhD
Centreville, VA 20121
Relationship problems are among the most difficult we face. Good connections with our partners, children, extended family members, and friends are crucial to our emotional well-being and contribute to healthier and stronger communities. The majority of my professional life has been dedicated to learning how relationships work and helping my clients form nurturing attachments with their loved ones. I specialize in working with couples to deepen their connection and establish more effective communication patterns.
Relationship problems are among the most difficult we face. Good connections with our partners, children, extended family members, and friends are crucial to our emotional well-being and contribute to healthier and stronger communities. The majority of my professional life has been dedicated to learning how relationships work and helping my clients form nurturing attachments with their loved ones. I specialize in working with couples to deepen their connection and establish more effective communication patterns.
(571) 378-5842 View (571) 378-5842
Photo of Willetta Wilson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Willetta Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Welcome! I am delighted that you have chosen to work with me and excited to begin our journey together. No matter what the response has been from your immediate friends, families, or inner critic, I believe you are making a good decision. Therapy is an inviting place where every single part of you is welcome, even the parts that are uncomfortable to share. As a therapist, I am honored that you chose this process as your vehicle to healing. Counseling is a collaborative process undertaken between you and a therapist, designed to empower you to accomplish mental health and wellness goals.
Welcome! I am delighted that you have chosen to work with me and excited to begin our journey together. No matter what the response has been from your immediate friends, families, or inner critic, I believe you are making a good decision. Therapy is an inviting place where every single part of you is welcome, even the parts that are uncomfortable to share. As a therapist, I am honored that you chose this process as your vehicle to healing. Counseling is a collaborative process undertaken between you and a therapist, designed to empower you to accomplish mental health and wellness goals.
(757) 231-3734 View (757) 231-3734
Photo of Dorothy Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, BFA
Dorothy Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, BFA
1 Endorsed
Centreville, VA 20121
Is ANXIETY holding you hostage? Maybe something traumatic happened or maybe life is just hitting hard right now. I am here to help! Therapy with me is the place to work on healing and moving forward. This is a good place to finally start reaching for your goals. So just call me, that's the first step. And please, if I don't answer, I may be helping someone, so just hang in there through the recording and leave a message. I will get back to you. The consult call is free, I'm easy to talk to, and there's no pressure.
Is ANXIETY holding you hostage? Maybe something traumatic happened or maybe life is just hitting hard right now. I am here to help! Therapy with me is the place to work on healing and moving forward. This is a good place to finally start reaching for your goals. So just call me, that's the first step. And please, if I don't answer, I may be helping someone, so just hang in there through the recording and leave a message. I will get back to you. The consult call is free, I'm easy to talk to, and there's no pressure.
(703) 884-8997 View (703) 884-8997
Photo of Diana O'brien - Diana O'Brien, LCSW, MEd, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Diana O'Brien, LCSW, MEd, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Centreville, VA 20120
Not accepting new clients
I have been providing individual and family counseling since 2002. I enjoy working with all ages with anxiety and depression. I tailor the services to each individual client to best suit their needs. I have a history of working with families in crisis in their homes on family dynamics. I also have experience working with foster children and foster families, so have knowledge of trauma issues and how to support these children and families.
I have been providing individual and family counseling since 2002. I enjoy working with all ages with anxiety and depression. I tailor the services to each individual client to best suit their needs. I have a history of working with families in crisis in their homes on family dynamics. I also have experience working with foster children and foster families, so have knowledge of trauma issues and how to support these children and families.
(703) 468-0090 View (703) 468-0090
Photo of Shayla Ortell, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Shayla Ortell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Centreville, VA 20121
I have over 20 years of experience helping clients struggling with anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, and relationship problems. I provide individual and couples counseling for adults.
I have over 20 years of experience helping clients struggling with anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, and relationship problems. I provide individual and couples counseling for adults.
(540) 318-1288 View (540) 318-1288
Photo of Melissa Crooks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Melissa Crooks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Virginia and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP). I received my Master’s degree in Social Work in 1999 from Virigina Commonwealth University and earned my Bachelor of Social Work in 1995 with a minor in Family Issues from James Madison University. I have worked in a variety of treatment settings (inpatient psychiatric, foster care, medical and school systems) that have afforded me a unique versatility to help others going through trauma, mental health issues, life transitions and challenging situations.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Virginia and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP). I received my Master’s degree in Social Work in 1999 from Virigina Commonwealth University and earned my Bachelor of Social Work in 1995 with a minor in Family Issues from James Madison University. I have worked in a variety of treatment settings (inpatient psychiatric, foster care, medical and school systems) that have afforded me a unique versatility to help others going through trauma, mental health issues, life transitions and challenging situations.
(757) 520-0574 View (757) 520-0574
Photo of Caitlin Wordham, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Caitlin Wordham
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
5 Endorsed
Centreville, VA 20121
Not accepting new clients
I know beginning your therapy journey can be a daunting, yet powerful step. I specialize in supporting clients facing challenges with anxiety, panic attacks, intrusive and obsessive thoughts and compulsions, eating disorders, body image, grief and loss, and trauma. I believe in the importance of finding your own voice, discovering and embracing your authenticity, and developing greater awareness that empowers you. Whatever your needs are, together we will meet those needs in a supportive, trauma-informed, compassionate, and non-judgmental space, while effectively working toward your therapeutic goals and needs.
I know beginning your therapy journey can be a daunting, yet powerful step. I specialize in supporting clients facing challenges with anxiety, panic attacks, intrusive and obsessive thoughts and compulsions, eating disorders, body image, grief and loss, and trauma. I believe in the importance of finding your own voice, discovering and embracing your authenticity, and developing greater awareness that empowers you. Whatever your needs are, together we will meet those needs in a supportive, trauma-informed, compassionate, and non-judgmental space, while effectively working toward your therapeutic goals and needs.
(571) 568-8372 View (571) 568-8372
Photo of Jasmine Appleton - Jasmine Appleton, Psy.D, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Jasmine Appleton, Psy.D, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Centreville, VA 20121
My name is Dr. Jasmine Appleton and I have over 15 years of experience helping my clients and patients work through underlying issues in order to be the best version of themselves. I use DBT, CBT, and meditation based practices to help you gain self-awareness, and insight into your thoughts and behaviors. I educate my clients on what is happening psychologically, emotionally, and neurologically in order to work on self-acceptance, which in turn, trickles into all aspects of our lives including interpersonal relationships. Also encourage family members attend, as family dynamics create the construct of our present self.
My name is Dr. Jasmine Appleton and I have over 15 years of experience helping my clients and patients work through underlying issues in order to be the best version of themselves. I use DBT, CBT, and meditation based practices to help you gain self-awareness, and insight into your thoughts and behaviors. I educate my clients on what is happening psychologically, emotionally, and neurologically in order to work on self-acceptance, which in turn, trickles into all aspects of our lives including interpersonal relationships. Also encourage family members attend, as family dynamics create the construct of our present self.
(703) 215-2563 View (703) 215-2563
Photo of Melody Concas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Melody Concas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi, my name is Melody (she/her). I am a licensed social worker in MD, DC, and VA. I have experience working with people across the lifespan and with issues related to parenting, trauma, identity confusion, anxiety, depression, LGBTQIA+, and life changes. My goal as a therapist is to provide an authentic and nonjudgmental space for ALL people. I believe that having a safe space to explore thoughts and emotions is essential for healing and resilience.
Hi, my name is Melody (she/her). I am a licensed social worker in MD, DC, and VA. I have experience working with people across the lifespan and with issues related to parenting, trauma, identity confusion, anxiety, depression, LGBTQIA+, and life changes. My goal as a therapist is to provide an authentic and nonjudgmental space for ALL people. I believe that having a safe space to explore thoughts and emotions is essential for healing and resilience.
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Photo of Peter Whang, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC, LSATP
Peter Whang
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC, LSATP
1 Endorsed
Centreville, VA 20121
In my private practice, I offer individual, couple, and group therapy.
In my private practice, I offer individual, couple, and group therapy.
(571) 620-6437 View (571) 620-6437
Photo of Caryll Jefferies, Psychologist, PsyD
Caryll Jefferies
Psychologist, PsyD
4 Endorsed
Centreville, VA 20120
Dr. Jefferies has immediate openings for clients ages 5-25 with the the following issues: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Tic Disorders, Anxiety, Panic attacks, Selective Mutism, Phobias, Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors (trichotillomania, skin-picking). I have completed specialized instruction in using Exposure and Ritual Prevention (ExRP) in psychotherapy, including training at IOCDF's Behavior Training Institute and have 13 years of experience helping individuals with OCD and related disorders, as well as a total of 25 years of experience as a psychologist.
Dr. Jefferies has immediate openings for clients ages 5-25 with the the following issues: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Tic Disorders, Anxiety, Panic attacks, Selective Mutism, Phobias, Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors (trichotillomania, skin-picking). I have completed specialized instruction in using Exposure and Ritual Prevention (ExRP) in psychotherapy, including training at IOCDF's Behavior Training Institute and have 13 years of experience helping individuals with OCD and related disorders, as well as a total of 25 years of experience as a psychologist.
(703) 940-1058 View (703) 940-1058
Photo of Julia B. Sayre - Julia B. Sayre, LMFT, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CT
Julia B. Sayre, LMFT, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CT
1 Endorsed
Centreville, VA 20120
My clients seek trauma-informed marriage counseling, relationship and individual therapy. You may be in a transition: marriage; parenthood; military service or veteran; divorce; or remarriage. Or feeling frustrated with your child or teen, extended family, or coworkers. You may be noticing emotional or relationship effects of recent or past trauma, or grief and loss. You or a family member may be addressing aging, chronic pain or medical issues. Healthy relationships start with self-understanding and self-compassion, enabling you to know yourself so that you can connect meaningfully with others who are important in your life.
My clients seek trauma-informed marriage counseling, relationship and individual therapy. You may be in a transition: marriage; parenthood; military service or veteran; divorce; or remarriage. Or feeling frustrated with your child or teen, extended family, or coworkers. You may be noticing emotional or relationship effects of recent or past trauma, or grief and loss. You or a family member may be addressing aging, chronic pain or medical issues. Healthy relationships start with self-understanding and self-compassion, enabling you to know yourself so that you can connect meaningfully with others who are important in your life.
(540) 787-3563 View (540) 787-3563

See more therapy options for Centreville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Centreville, VA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Centreville, VA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
82% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
65% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Anthem
76% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% CareFirst

How Therapists in Centreville, VA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Centreville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.