Therapists in Springfield, VA

Photo of Scott Bryan Moshen, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Scott Bryan Moshen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22152
Hey there, Thanks for peeking at my profile. Finding the right clinician can be quite a task. You want someone with serious expertise, a therapist who can change your life by creating a safe space for you to open up. Over time, we will tap into more than just your mind - your gut, lungs, and heart will join the conversation. Rediscovering authentic connection with our emotions is crucial. I believe in various therapeutic approaches, yet a client-clinician bond rooted in authenticity makes the real difference. My goal is to truly understand you - your fears, your dreams, what makes you tick.
Hey there, Thanks for peeking at my profile. Finding the right clinician can be quite a task. You want someone with serious expertise, a therapist who can change your life by creating a safe space for you to open up. Over time, we will tap into more than just your mind - your gut, lungs, and heart will join the conversation. Rediscovering authentic connection with our emotions is crucial. I believe in various therapeutic approaches, yet a client-clinician bond rooted in authenticity makes the real difference. My goal is to truly understand you - your fears, your dreams, what makes you tick.
(703) 420-5860 View (703) 420-5860
Photo of Saara Amri, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Saara Amri
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Springfield, VA 22153  (Online Only)
I believe therapists are the keepers of hope and the navigators of difficult journeys. We walk alongside our clients as they move through challenging moments and changes in their lives. I have witnessed people become stuck and unsure how to navigate these moments. Some of those challenges include traumatic events, relationship and social identity, career and educational transitions, phase of life changes, and immigration and acculturative stress. Sometimes it feels as though there is no way forward. But there is always a path forward and I believe counseling is one of those paths.
I believe therapists are the keepers of hope and the navigators of difficult journeys. We walk alongside our clients as they move through challenging moments and changes in their lives. I have witnessed people become stuck and unsure how to navigate these moments. Some of those challenges include traumatic events, relationship and social identity, career and educational transitions, phase of life changes, and immigration and acculturative stress. Sometimes it feels as though there is no way forward. But there is always a path forward and I believe counseling is one of those paths.
(571) 946-6922 View (571) 946-6922
Photo of Nina Franco Angeles, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nina Franco Angeles
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22151
Do you often ask yourself if you matter? or if you're good enough? Are the "what ifs" of life getting you down? If there are unresolved issues from the past, and you are stuck and can't "get it together?" Or if you bleeding from emotional wounds inflicted on you by people you trusted - RECLAIM your life. You deserve to live an enjoyable, purposeful life. I will walk with you as you journey towards healing and purpose.
Do you often ask yourself if you matter? or if you're good enough? Are the "what ifs" of life getting you down? If there are unresolved issues from the past, and you are stuck and can't "get it together?" Or if you bleeding from emotional wounds inflicted on you by people you trusted - RECLAIM your life. You deserve to live an enjoyable, purposeful life. I will walk with you as you journey towards healing and purpose.
(571) 470-6847 View (571) 470-6847
Photo of Dwayne Wright, MSW, LMHP-S
Dwayne Wright
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW, LMHP-S
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22151
I am a LMHP-S in the state of Virginia. I have worked in mental health for over nineteen years as a Case Worker, and DSP in Washington DC as well as Northern Virginia. I have worked with MH and ID adults/teenagers. I specialize in anxiety, depression, coping skills, PTSD, racial trauma and trauma. I work with clients on where they are in reference to baseline and how I can help them achieve their goals. This is person-centered therapy. Collaborations with other providers as well as support system is always encouraged for treatment efficiency.
I am a LMHP-S in the state of Virginia. I have worked in mental health for over nineteen years as a Case Worker, and DSP in Washington DC as well as Northern Virginia. I have worked with MH and ID adults/teenagers. I specialize in anxiety, depression, coping skills, PTSD, racial trauma and trauma. I work with clients on where they are in reference to baseline and how I can help them achieve their goals. This is person-centered therapy. Collaborations with other providers as well as support system is always encouraged for treatment efficiency.
(571) 520-7645 View (571) 520-7645
Photo of Robert Phillips, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Robert Phillips
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22153
My name is Robert Phillips. I hold an LPC license from the state of Virginia and am a Certified Substance Abuse Professional with CSAC - A certificate. My approach is to build a strong therapeutic relationship, stay focused on the client in the present moment without judgment, help people gain skills and tools for managing complicated situations, and encourage a spirit of openness, curiosity, and acceptance to help individuals understand they can choose to respond rationally and control behaviors
My name is Robert Phillips. I hold an LPC license from the state of Virginia and am a Certified Substance Abuse Professional with CSAC - A certificate. My approach is to build a strong therapeutic relationship, stay focused on the client in the present moment without judgment, help people gain skills and tools for managing complicated situations, and encourage a spirit of openness, curiosity, and acceptance to help individuals understand they can choose to respond rationally and control behaviors
(757) 993-4881 View (757) 993-4881
Photo of Sandra Hiatt, MEd, LPC-R, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sandra Hiatt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, VA 22151
I specialize in working with individuals who feel weighed down by past trauma, constant anxiety, or intense emotions associated with ADHD, anxiety, depression, and past traumatic events. Whether you’re struggling to manage the stress of significant life changes or overwhelmed by uncontrollable emotions, I’m here to support you. My approach is designed to help you navigate these challenges, offering tools and guidance to process difficult experiences, improve relationships, and strengthen your sense of self.
I specialize in working with individuals who feel weighed down by past trauma, constant anxiety, or intense emotions associated with ADHD, anxiety, depression, and past traumatic events. Whether you’re struggling to manage the stress of significant life changes or overwhelmed by uncontrollable emotions, I’m here to support you. My approach is designed to help you navigate these challenges, offering tools and guidance to process difficult experiences, improve relationships, and strengthen your sense of self.
(571) 568-7253 x2 View (571) 568-7253 x2
Photo of Aminah Mellion - Mahogany Counseling and Consulting Services, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mahogany Counseling and Consulting Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, VA 22152
I'm Aminah and I’ve practiced as a licensed clinician for over 20 years. I’m passionate about working with adolescents and deeply committed to empowering my clients to reach their goals. I use a holistic approach that incorporates the varied cultural backgrounds of the community I serve. I value creating an affirming safe space for clients of all ages to explore patterns that no longer serve them. My clinical orientation is rooted in narrative therapy. This approach is client directed and empowers you to objectively examine aspects of your identity and stories that impact the challenges you want to address in therapy.
I'm Aminah and I’ve practiced as a licensed clinician for over 20 years. I’m passionate about working with adolescents and deeply committed to empowering my clients to reach their goals. I use a holistic approach that incorporates the varied cultural backgrounds of the community I serve. I value creating an affirming safe space for clients of all ages to explore patterns that no longer serve them. My clinical orientation is rooted in narrative therapy. This approach is client directed and empowers you to objectively examine aspects of your identity and stories that impact the challenges you want to address in therapy.
(703) 936-9151 View (703) 936-9151
Photo of Jennfier Shotlander, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennfier Shotlander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22151  (Online Only)
I have 20 years of experience counseling a diverse array of adult clients.
I have 20 years of experience counseling a diverse array of adult clients.
(804) 607-8440 View (804) 607-8440
Photo of Christine Buzitsky, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christine Buzitsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22151
Welcome, and thank you for considering me as a therapist to partner with you on your therapy journey! I am Christine Buzitsky, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in North Carolina and Virginia. I have twenty-five years of experience working with adults, adolescents, children, couples, and families to address relationship issues, anxiety, depression, women's issues, grief, ADHD, coping with chronic medical concerns, and life transitions. I believe therapy must be individualized to the client.
Welcome, and thank you for considering me as a therapist to partner with you on your therapy journey! I am Christine Buzitsky, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in North Carolina and Virginia. I have twenty-five years of experience working with adults, adolescents, children, couples, and families to address relationship issues, anxiety, depression, women's issues, grief, ADHD, coping with chronic medical concerns, and life transitions. I believe therapy must be individualized to the client.
(571) 470-7209 View (571) 470-7209
Photo of Megan Dunbar, PsyD, Psychologist
Megan Dunbar
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, VA 22152
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and have been providing out-patient mental health services in Northern Virginia since September 2008. I strive to create a supportive environment for individuals, couples, and families in order to facilitate insightful awareness and help individuals recognize patterns in their thoughts, feelings, behaviors. I take an integrated approach to psychotherapy, blending a rational-solution focused approach with supportive based techniques with the goal of helping people improve their quality of life by building upon their natural strengths.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and have been providing out-patient mental health services in Northern Virginia since September 2008. I strive to create a supportive environment for individuals, couples, and families in order to facilitate insightful awareness and help individuals recognize patterns in their thoughts, feelings, behaviors. I take an integrated approach to psychotherapy, blending a rational-solution focused approach with supportive based techniques with the goal of helping people improve their quality of life by building upon their natural strengths.
(703) 854-9964 View (703) 854-9964
Photo of Hannah Whitney Jones, PhD, Psychologist
Hannah Whitney Jones
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, VA 22150
I am currently only able to take new clients for my waiting list but feel free to reach out to schedule a consult call if your needs are not immediate. My approach to therapy is collaborative and client-focused. I can offer structured or more individualized and integrative treatment. Modalities that I often use include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, EMDR, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, mindfulness and other relational/trauma-focused treatments. Through our work together, you can begin to peel back the layers that are keeping you stuck so that you can more freely move towards your values and goals.
I am currently only able to take new clients for my waiting list but feel free to reach out to schedule a consult call if your needs are not immediate. My approach to therapy is collaborative and client-focused. I can offer structured or more individualized and integrative treatment. Modalities that I often use include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, EMDR, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, mindfulness and other relational/trauma-focused treatments. Through our work together, you can begin to peel back the layers that are keeping you stuck so that you can more freely move towards your values and goals.
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Photo of Haleh Royanian, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Haleh Royanian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22152  (Online Only)
Have you tried to solve the problems in your life on your own and realized you need help from someone else? Are you stressed out and anxious? I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches and techniques based on the client's needs. Regardless of the approach, I assist my clients think about the issues they’re facing from a different lens. By changing the way you think, you can feel empowered to enact great change in your life. Together, we can break down the seemingly insurmountable barriers you feel in your life.
Have you tried to solve the problems in your life on your own and realized you need help from someone else? Are you stressed out and anxious? I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches and techniques based on the client's needs. Regardless of the approach, I assist my clients think about the issues they’re facing from a different lens. By changing the way you think, you can feel empowered to enact great change in your life. Together, we can break down the seemingly insurmountable barriers you feel in your life.
(703) 775-4734 View (703) 775-4734
Photo of Jane Leo, LCSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jane Leo
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, VA 22152  (Online Only)
Do you have to force yourself to get through the day? Do you feel disconnected from your life, as if just going through the motions? Familial and cultural conditioning often cast us in limiting roles. Whether we know it or not, we find ourselves falling into these same familiar patterns even when they undermine our best efforts towards a happy life. I help clients build an awareness to the relationship they have with themselves starting by identifying the character traits they've strengthened in order to survive. This ultimately allows them to move towards more self-compassion, freedom, and purpose in their lives.
Do you have to force yourself to get through the day? Do you feel disconnected from your life, as if just going through the motions? Familial and cultural conditioning often cast us in limiting roles. Whether we know it or not, we find ourselves falling into these same familiar patterns even when they undermine our best efforts towards a happy life. I help clients build an awareness to the relationship they have with themselves starting by identifying the character traits they've strengthened in order to survive. This ultimately allows them to move towards more self-compassion, freedom, and purpose in their lives.
(571) 454-8218 View (571) 454-8218
Photo of Michaela Carte, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Michaela Carte
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22153
Hello! My name is Michaela and I am a Supervisee in Social Work in the state of Virginia. I am an active duty military spouse and enjoy working with children, adolescents, and young adults. I have experience treating a variety of anxiety and depression disorders. I utilize treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Exposure Response Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to help clients overcome their negative thinking patterns.
Hello! My name is Michaela and I am a Supervisee in Social Work in the state of Virginia. I am an active duty military spouse and enjoy working with children, adolescents, and young adults. I have experience treating a variety of anxiety and depression disorders. I utilize treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Exposure Response Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to help clients overcome their negative thinking patterns.
(571) 475-9623 View (571) 475-9623
Photo of Shamika Hinton, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Shamika Hinton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, VA 22153  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Shamika, and I am a Master level Forensic Social Worker. I have over 10 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and their families in the therapeutic setting. In my therapeutic practice, I adopt both a collaborative clinical and forensic viewpoint that is a client centered approach using Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and other interventions that are tailored to the client’s life experience. My passions include working with my clients to heal from intergenerational traumas, adverse childhood experiences, and inner child work.
Hello! My name is Shamika, and I am a Master level Forensic Social Worker. I have over 10 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and their families in the therapeutic setting. In my therapeutic practice, I adopt both a collaborative clinical and forensic viewpoint that is a client centered approach using Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and other interventions that are tailored to the client’s life experience. My passions include working with my clients to heal from intergenerational traumas, adverse childhood experiences, and inner child work.
(703) 596-8252 View (703) 596-8252
Photo of Jacklyn Ann Rothenberger, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jacklyn Ann Rothenberger
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22152  (Online Only)
Hello, and welcome to my page! I am an LMFT who treats adult individuals and couples looking to get more out of life. I have been licensed for 10 years and worked with a diverse array of issues to include adjustments, grief, depression, anxiety, addictions, and trauma. I have a warm, strengths-based, collaborative style; you set the goals and pace and I provide the skills to get you where you're wanting to go.
Hello, and welcome to my page! I am an LMFT who treats adult individuals and couples looking to get more out of life. I have been licensed for 10 years and worked with a diverse array of issues to include adjustments, grief, depression, anxiety, addictions, and trauma. I have a warm, strengths-based, collaborative style; you set the goals and pace and I provide the skills to get you where you're wanting to go.
(703) 951-4961 View (703) 951-4961
Photo of Cory Groman, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cory Groman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22150
He has worked with various populations, including adolescents, children, couples, and adults. He has experience with a broad spectrum of conditions/issues, including (but not limited to): addictions, crises of meaning, career advancement/discernment, depression, anxiety, social anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, anger management, mood issues, relational issues, parent/child issues, Christian issues, decision making, identifying purpose and ADHD. Theoretical perspectives include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused, Narrative, and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy.
He has worked with various populations, including adolescents, children, couples, and adults. He has experience with a broad spectrum of conditions/issues, including (but not limited to): addictions, crises of meaning, career advancement/discernment, depression, anxiety, social anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, anger management, mood issues, relational issues, parent/child issues, Christian issues, decision making, identifying purpose and ADHD. Theoretical perspectives include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused, Narrative, and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy.
(804) 626-5510 View (804) 626-5510
Photo of Irene Miranda - Miranda Life Coaching and Psychotherapy, LLC, PhD, MA, LPC, CCTP II, CCATP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Miranda Life Coaching and Psychotherapy, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MA, LPC, CCTP II, CCATP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, VA 22152  (Online Only)
For the past 19 years I have enjoyed working with a diverse group of clients that are challenged with depression, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD and obsessive compulsive behaviors. It is remarkable how patients begin to feel happier and important when they stop ignoring their physical and emotional needs. I love working with patients that seek to create a balance between their body, mind and spirit. I enjoy being flexible and learning what each individual is comfortable with, and work from their baseline to establish reasonable goals.
For the past 19 years I have enjoyed working with a diverse group of clients that are challenged with depression, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD and obsessive compulsive behaviors. It is remarkable how patients begin to feel happier and important when they stop ignoring their physical and emotional needs. I love working with patients that seek to create a balance between their body, mind and spirit. I enjoy being flexible and learning what each individual is comfortable with, and work from their baseline to establish reasonable goals.
(571) 285-0392 View (571) 285-0392
Photo of Wendy Umbarger, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wendy Umbarger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22151
Hello! My name is Wendy Umbarger, owner of Umbarger Counseling Services, LLC. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia and a Certified Trauma Specialist. I have over 20 years of experience working with children and families.
Hello! My name is Wendy Umbarger, owner of Umbarger Counseling Services, LLC. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia and a Certified Trauma Specialist. I have over 20 years of experience working with children and families.
(703) 382-5402 View (703) 382-5402
Photo of Odis McKinzie Jr. - Healing Touch Counseling and Wellness, LLC, EdD, LPC, LMHC, CSAT, ACS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Healing Touch Counseling and Wellness, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, LMHC, CSAT, ACS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, VA 22150
Where did things go so wrong? Your marriage used to be a source of strength and comfort. Now, it feels like a cage that you can’t escape from. You and your husband avoid each other – staying late at work, running unnecessary chores, and always taking the long way home. When you do spend time together, it feels more like being around a hostile roommate than your “soulmate.” A part of you wants to just call it quits – cut your losses and start over. But what about the kids? What about the future you’ve worked so hard to build? You’re not ready to throw in the towel yet, but you don’t if there’s a way forward. It feels hopeless.
Where did things go so wrong? Your marriage used to be a source of strength and comfort. Now, it feels like a cage that you can’t escape from. You and your husband avoid each other – staying late at work, running unnecessary chores, and always taking the long way home. When you do spend time together, it feels more like being around a hostile roommate than your “soulmate.” A part of you wants to just call it quits – cut your losses and start over. But what about the kids? What about the future you’ve worked so hard to build? You’re not ready to throw in the towel yet, but you don’t if there’s a way forward. It feels hopeless.
(571) 200-7119 View (571) 200-7119

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Springfield, VA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Springfield, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
68% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Springfield, VA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Springfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.