Therapists in Brooklyn, NY

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Photo of Patrick Rafferty, PhD, Psychologist
Patrick Rafferty
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11222
Do you need a more fulfilled, realized, and happier life? I help professionals suffering from depression, anxiety, emptiness, or anger resulting from stress with relationships, gender roles, careers, and creativity. I am particularly interested in working with creatives, artists, & writers. My approach to treatment is interactive, emotionally attuned, and mindful. I participate actively. I am keenly interested in your attachment to family and significant others. I have advanced training in Psychoanalysis, Attachment Disorders, and I have experience with the full spectrum of human psychological distress.
Do you need a more fulfilled, realized, and happier life? I help professionals suffering from depression, anxiety, emptiness, or anger resulting from stress with relationships, gender roles, careers, and creativity. I am particularly interested in working with creatives, artists, & writers. My approach to treatment is interactive, emotionally attuned, and mindful. I participate actively. I am keenly interested in your attachment to family and significant others. I have advanced training in Psychoanalysis, Attachment Disorders, and I have experience with the full spectrum of human psychological distress.
(347) 736-9061 View (347) 736-9061
Photo of Shanzy Carter-Martinez, LMHC, Counselor
Shanzy Carter-Martinez
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11215  (Online Only)
Welcome! Healing is a process that is unique to each of us. I bring an eclectic approach to therapy in order to help you find the healing path that best fits you and your needs. As a therapist, I believe that the therapeutic relationship is critical to assisting you in being able to create the life you most want. You will find a non-judgmental safe space in which you are welcome as the person you are and the person you hope to be. Are you a veteran looking for a group to process your experiences, work through reintegration, reduce substance use or learn skills to help you in your day to day life? Join our support group.
Welcome! Healing is a process that is unique to each of us. I bring an eclectic approach to therapy in order to help you find the healing path that best fits you and your needs. As a therapist, I believe that the therapeutic relationship is critical to assisting you in being able to create the life you most want. You will find a non-judgmental safe space in which you are welcome as the person you are and the person you hope to be. Are you a veteran looking for a group to process your experiences, work through reintegration, reduce substance use or learn skills to help you in your day to day life? Join our support group.
(929) 416-6913 View (929) 416-6913
Photo of Irene Ledee-Farley, LCSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Irene Ledee-Farley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11242  (Online Only)
Greetings all! Every journey begins with a single step. Recognizing the need for help and deciding to pursue therapy is the first step towards self-improvement. Please allow me to assist you in navigating your path to self enlightenment. I am a licensed Social Worker and therapist with over 15 years of experience providing individual, family, and group therapy with adults and children. My goal is to assist you with recognizing your strengths and how they can be used to address any challenges and limitations so that you may flourish.
Greetings all! Every journey begins with a single step. Recognizing the need for help and deciding to pursue therapy is the first step towards self-improvement. Please allow me to assist you in navigating your path to self enlightenment. I am a licensed Social Worker and therapist with over 15 years of experience providing individual, family, and group therapy with adults and children. My goal is to assist you with recognizing your strengths and how they can be used to address any challenges and limitations so that you may flourish.
(917) 563-4606 View (917) 563-4606
Photo of Talia Master, PsyD, Psychologist
Talia Master
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11217  (Online Only)
Perhaps you feel like you don't fit in or are struggling to figure out who you are or what is important to you. Or something, either concrete or intangible, isn't working in your life or just feels "off." Perhaps you are sad, anxious, struggling with a loss, infertility, chronic illness, or having difficulty with a family situation or relationship. I provide a compassionate and safe space to explore these challenges, allowing you to focus on what gives your life purpose and meaning. We will work on two levels- gaining insight, while also learning tools and strategies to reduce your pain.
Perhaps you feel like you don't fit in or are struggling to figure out who you are or what is important to you. Or something, either concrete or intangible, isn't working in your life or just feels "off." Perhaps you are sad, anxious, struggling with a loss, infertility, chronic illness, or having difficulty with a family situation or relationship. I provide a compassionate and safe space to explore these challenges, allowing you to focus on what gives your life purpose and meaning. We will work on two levels- gaining insight, while also learning tools and strategies to reduce your pain.
(646) 679-5372 View (646) 679-5372
Photo of Lauree Wolin Mitchell, PhD, Psychologist
Lauree Wolin Mitchell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11217
Hi. Call when you are ready to start to have the life that you want. Each client is treated in a way that is specific to that individual. Even though many people share similar issues the way the issues are experienced is unique to the person who is experiencing it. Anyone can have a better existence through the exploration of their inner dynamics and the purpose that the style of functioning serves. People can get what they want out of life if they allow themselves to do that. No obstacle is too big to overcome. Things can be different if you want them to be.
Hi. Call when you are ready to start to have the life that you want. Each client is treated in a way that is specific to that individual. Even though many people share similar issues the way the issues are experienced is unique to the person who is experiencing it. Anyone can have a better existence through the exploration of their inner dynamics and the purpose that the style of functioning serves. People can get what they want out of life if they allow themselves to do that. No obstacle is too big to overcome. Things can be different if you want them to be.
(718) 569-7892 View (718) 569-7892
Photo of Ayla Sitt, PsyD, Psychologist
Ayla Sitt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11230
Ayla supports adults across the lifespan, focusing on anxiety disorders, low self-esteem, and women's health issues. She has a particular interest in major life transitions and is deeply committed to helping clients navigate the challenges of prenatal and perinatal issues.
Ayla supports adults across the lifespan, focusing on anxiety disorders, low self-esteem, and women's health issues. She has a particular interest in major life transitions and is deeply committed to helping clients navigate the challenges of prenatal and perinatal issues.
(929) 493-3257 View (929) 493-3257
Photo of Lisa Marie Watson, PhD, Psychologist
Lisa Marie Watson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11201  (Online Only)
I believe therapy should be a safe space for healing. My approach is non-judgmental, compassionate, supportive, and client centered. I work within a holistic, whole person framework, addressing mind, body, emotional, and spiritual interconnectedness, to help clients discover their authentic selves, make meaning of life experiences, become empowered, and heal trauma.
I believe therapy should be a safe space for healing. My approach is non-judgmental, compassionate, supportive, and client centered. I work within a holistic, whole person framework, addressing mind, body, emotional, and spiritual interconnectedness, to help clients discover their authentic selves, make meaning of life experiences, become empowered, and heal trauma.
(646) 859-6486 View (646) 859-6486
Photo of Lena Addo, PhD, Psychologist
Lena Addo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11242
Do you often feel like you are "running on empty" or "burning the candle at both ends"? So many people are overwhelmed by stress from their relationship, work,health issues, finances, parenting responsibilities and are suffering from frequent headaches,stomach upset, sleep problems, moodiness,crying spells, excessive weight gain, etc as a result. Chronic stress takes a dangerous toll on our emotional and physical health. My services are designed for those who have limited time and resources but know they can no longer afford to ignore their high stress levels.
Do you often feel like you are "running on empty" or "burning the candle at both ends"? So many people are overwhelmed by stress from their relationship, work,health issues, finances, parenting responsibilities and are suffering from frequent headaches,stomach upset, sleep problems, moodiness,crying spells, excessive weight gain, etc as a result. Chronic stress takes a dangerous toll on our emotional and physical health. My services are designed for those who have limited time and resources but know they can no longer afford to ignore their high stress levels.
(917) 725-3008 View (917) 725-3008
Photo of Levi Jennings, LMSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Levi Jennings
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11222
I create an honest, supportive environment to gain clarity on what's holding you back so that you can pursue your goals with confidence. I believe you are the expert on your own life, so my work will always be collaborative. I'm passionate about working with youth and adults on a wide variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, family issues, and fostering/adoption. No matter your reason for therapy, from anxiety and depression to romantic and work relationships to anything in between, we will face it together.
I create an honest, supportive environment to gain clarity on what's holding you back so that you can pursue your goals with confidence. I believe you are the expert on your own life, so my work will always be collaborative. I'm passionate about working with youth and adults on a wide variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, family issues, and fostering/adoption. No matter your reason for therapy, from anxiety and depression to romantic and work relationships to anything in between, we will face it together.
(929) 581-8057 View (929) 581-8057
Photo of Patricia Cremins, LCSW, MS, Ed, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia Cremins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MS, Ed
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11201
I am a psychotherapist with fifteen years of experience working with adults, children, adolescents, and families. Some people come to therapy for help with depression or anxiety, or because they are facing obstacles in their careers or relationships. Others wish to help their children with behavioral, emotional or academic issues. Within a warm and supportive environment, I will help clarify your goals and work towards them. We will identify negative patterns, and ways to cope. I am trained to assist those who feel overwhelmed because of past events and current stresses.
I am a psychotherapist with fifteen years of experience working with adults, children, adolescents, and families. Some people come to therapy for help with depression or anxiety, or because they are facing obstacles in their careers or relationships. Others wish to help their children with behavioral, emotional or academic issues. Within a warm and supportive environment, I will help clarify your goals and work towards them. We will identify negative patterns, and ways to cope. I am trained to assist those who feel overwhelmed because of past events and current stresses.
(646) 832-2525 View (646) 832-2525
Photo of Danielle Konsky, LMHC, Counselor
Danielle Konsky
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11222
Do you feel driven by your inner critic to the point where "self-compassion" sounds farfetched? Or maybe you know how to be kind to yourself, but struggle to translate that into your belief system? If this sounds like you, I am here to help. I work with adolescents and adults who are tired of low self-esteem, negative body image, anxiety, depression, shame, and chronic stress taking up so much space in their lives. I am passionate about supporting my clients in the ever-valuable process of healing their relationships with themselves.
Do you feel driven by your inner critic to the point where "self-compassion" sounds farfetched? Or maybe you know how to be kind to yourself, but struggle to translate that into your belief system? If this sounds like you, I am here to help. I work with adolescents and adults who are tired of low self-esteem, negative body image, anxiety, depression, shame, and chronic stress taking up so much space in their lives. I am passionate about supporting my clients in the ever-valuable process of healing their relationships with themselves.
(646) 956-4758 View (646) 956-4758
Photo of Yara Adam-Whiter - Blooming Arts Therapy, MA, LMHC, CCMHC, Counselor
Blooming Arts Therapy
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11209
It is my passion to normalize mental health treatment and improve accessibility to mental health care for all, by listening to the individual’s needs and wants, assisting them to reach their unique goals. Every person experiences the world in a different way depending on their history and intersectionality. I believe it's important to go into your world as much as possible and work with you on the things you face and see them from your perspective.
It is my passion to normalize mental health treatment and improve accessibility to mental health care for all, by listening to the individual’s needs and wants, assisting them to reach their unique goals. Every person experiences the world in a different way depending on their history and intersectionality. I believe it's important to go into your world as much as possible and work with you on the things you face and see them from your perspective.
(347) 252-9349 View (347) 252-9349
Photo of Dr. Gina DePalo, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Gina DePalo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11211  (Online Only)
Therapy is a noble, intimate, and sometimes messy undertaking. Those who come to it may hope to relieve emotional pain, expand their understanding of themselves and their life narrative, or access more moments of joy and presence. Together, we can help you move towards what you might otherwise shy away from, understand the source of challenges, and find new ways of coping and being in the world. I work from a psychodynamic, attachment-based framework, and blend tangible skills to help alleviate your pain in the day-to-day and enhance your relationships.
Therapy is a noble, intimate, and sometimes messy undertaking. Those who come to it may hope to relieve emotional pain, expand their understanding of themselves and their life narrative, or access more moments of joy and presence. Together, we can help you move towards what you might otherwise shy away from, understand the source of challenges, and find new ways of coping and being in the world. I work from a psychodynamic, attachment-based framework, and blend tangible skills to help alleviate your pain in the day-to-day and enhance your relationships.
(347) 970-6907 View (347) 970-6907
Photo of Emma Rhoads, MS, Ed, LCSW, CBT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emma Rhoads
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, Ed, LCSW, CBT
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11215
I approach psychotherapy as a creative, collaborative undertaking between therapist and client with the goal of creating a safe, healing relationship through which clients can discover and mobilize their deepest capacities for transformation. I have been in practice for over 25 years, working with clients of all ages, including adults, couples, families, young children & adolescents. Areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, trauma, bereavement, issues surrounding adoption, parenting, and co-parenting after divorce. As a psychotherapist and special educator I have worked extensively with children with learning differences.
I approach psychotherapy as a creative, collaborative undertaking between therapist and client with the goal of creating a safe, healing relationship through which clients can discover and mobilize their deepest capacities for transformation. I have been in practice for over 25 years, working with clients of all ages, including adults, couples, families, young children & adolescents. Areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, trauma, bereavement, issues surrounding adoption, parenting, and co-parenting after divorce. As a psychotherapist and special educator I have worked extensively with children with learning differences.
(917) 746-8587 View (917) 746-8587
Photo of Leah McLaughlin, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leah McLaughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11215
The decision to see a therapist is one of the most important ones you can make, because it means you have decided to change the course of your emotional life. All humans are wired to feel emotions deeply, and sometimes we can be overwhelmed by their power. I understand how difficult it can be to live with depression or anxiety, and I want you to know that you are not alone in your struggles. These are common and treatable conditions that can significantly impact your daily life and well-being. It takes a lot of courage to seek therapy, and I am here to support you and help you find relief from your symptoms.
The decision to see a therapist is one of the most important ones you can make, because it means you have decided to change the course of your emotional life. All humans are wired to feel emotions deeply, and sometimes we can be overwhelmed by their power. I understand how difficult it can be to live with depression or anxiety, and I want you to know that you are not alone in your struggles. These are common and treatable conditions that can significantly impact your daily life and well-being. It takes a lot of courage to seek therapy, and I am here to support you and help you find relief from your symptoms.
(646) 904-4758 View (646) 904-4758
Photo of Galina Itskovich, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Galina Itskovich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11234
Not accepting new clients
"I work effectively with a wide variety of clients from all ethnic and cultural backgrounds; issues range from anxiety or depression to the self-image or existential crisis. Having to work with such broad clientele helps me to view my clients in the context of their daily lives and to be sensitive to children's and adults' developmental struggles, making sure they reach their full potential in the course of our treatment journey."
"I work effectively with a wide variety of clients from all ethnic and cultural backgrounds; issues range from anxiety or depression to the self-image or existential crisis. Having to work with such broad clientele helps me to view my clients in the context of their daily lives and to be sensitive to children's and adults' developmental struggles, making sure they reach their full potential in the course of our treatment journey."
(718) 395-4806 View (718) 395-4806
Photo of Tabisam Shamas, MS, LMHC, LPC, Counselor
Tabisam Shamas
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11219  (Online Only)
As a mental health professional, i am always guiding clients to make improvements, and it isn’t always easy. I have many clients with different mental health issues. The most ideal situation with my client was when he required assistance with depressed mood and adjustment to new relationship. Assisting my client with adjustment, positive reinforcement, problem-solving skills, communication skills and relaxation techniques was rewarding. I Use that momentum and some carefully chosen resolutions and goals to help my client go into with more hope and lasting, positive changes.
As a mental health professional, i am always guiding clients to make improvements, and it isn’t always easy. I have many clients with different mental health issues. The most ideal situation with my client was when he required assistance with depressed mood and adjustment to new relationship. Assisting my client with adjustment, positive reinforcement, problem-solving skills, communication skills and relaxation techniques was rewarding. I Use that momentum and some carefully chosen resolutions and goals to help my client go into with more hope and lasting, positive changes.
(929) 207-7430 View (929) 207-7430
Photo of Lewis Elliott, MHC-LP
Lewis Elliott
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11207  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! I'm Lewis and I am a clinical mental health counselor. I provide an encouraging and diverse approach with evidence-based treatment options that cater to various individuals and situations. Whether you're looking to heal from past trauma, navigating a challenging life phase, or a parent seeking support for your child's success in school and personal growth – I'm here for you! I am educated in addressing issues like anxiety, depression, adult ADHD-related challenges, as well as gender and sexuality counseling.
Hello and welcome! I'm Lewis and I am a clinical mental health counselor. I provide an encouraging and diverse approach with evidence-based treatment options that cater to various individuals and situations. Whether you're looking to heal from past trauma, navigating a challenging life phase, or a parent seeking support for your child's success in school and personal growth – I'm here for you! I am educated in addressing issues like anxiety, depression, adult ADHD-related challenges, as well as gender and sexuality counseling.
(718) 970-7235 View (718) 970-7235
Photo of Anicka Hamilton, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anicka Hamilton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11216  (Online Only)
Feeling stagnant, overwhelmed, frustrated and sad? Looking for a safe place to process/explore all these feelings/emotions. I aim to help each person hone in and develop skills to improve relationships, find new ways to cope with stress/anxiety, rediscover joy and pleasure in their lives, break negative/self-destructive patterns, increase career satisfaction & find a stronger sense of self. I will work with you to identify your inner strengths and optimizing their use for empowerment & increased life enjoyment. I have experience working with children, adolescents and adults assisting them with life transitions, depression & trauma.
Feeling stagnant, overwhelmed, frustrated and sad? Looking for a safe place to process/explore all these feelings/emotions. I aim to help each person hone in and develop skills to improve relationships, find new ways to cope with stress/anxiety, rediscover joy and pleasure in their lives, break negative/self-destructive patterns, increase career satisfaction & find a stronger sense of self. I will work with you to identify your inner strengths and optimizing their use for empowerment & increased life enjoyment. I have experience working with children, adolescents and adults assisting them with life transitions, depression & trauma.
(973) 339-0877 View (973) 339-0877
Photo of Sophie Bell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sophie Bell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11242
Have you experienced a trauma, loss, stressor, or big life transition and are struggling with its impact? Our minds and bodies can react to stressful experiences in a range of ways, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and more. In response to these painful emotional experiences, we can come to rely on methods of coping that, over time, may lead us to feeling even more stuck. Our work in therapy will help you better understand the source of these challenges, develop new strategies for navigating them, and put you on a path towards the health, happiness, and fulfillment that you deeply deserve.
Have you experienced a trauma, loss, stressor, or big life transition and are struggling with its impact? Our minds and bodies can react to stressful experiences in a range of ways, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and more. In response to these painful emotional experiences, we can come to rely on methods of coping that, over time, may lead us to feeling even more stuck. Our work in therapy will help you better understand the source of these challenges, develop new strategies for navigating them, and put you on a path towards the health, happiness, and fulfillment that you deeply deserve.
(347) 472-1519 View (347) 472-1519
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Brooklyn, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Brooklyn, NY who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Brooklyn, NY see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Brooklyn?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.