Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Yvette Fama, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Yvette Fama
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
My therapeutic style is somatic, empathetic and appropriately humorous. I believe in a holistic approach to therapy, incorporating and joining mind, body and soul. I use breath work to focus on expanding your capacity to feel emotions; use awareness of tension to identify behaviors; and manage physiological sensations that overwhelm you. I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families struggling with trust, communication and trauma issues. I believe somatic therapy is helpful in relieving anxiety and depression by becoming aware of what overwhelms you and leaves you feeling stuck in a cycle that you can't stop.
My therapeutic style is somatic, empathetic and appropriately humorous. I believe in a holistic approach to therapy, incorporating and joining mind, body and soul. I use breath work to focus on expanding your capacity to feel emotions; use awareness of tension to identify behaviors; and manage physiological sensations that overwhelm you. I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families struggling with trust, communication and trauma issues. I believe somatic therapy is helpful in relieving anxiety and depression by becoming aware of what overwhelms you and leaves you feeling stuck in a cycle that you can't stop.
(650) 469-8241 View (650) 469-8241
Photo of Melanie Chinchilla, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Melanie Chinchilla
Psychologist, PhD, MS
Verified Verified
18 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Are you overwhelmed by the number of things you "have to do" when you don't "want to do" any of them? Some days, you might feel stuck in a rut and can’t get out. You might feel like are holding everything together, but you aren’t enjoying your life. You may question the direction of your life. When you stop to think about it, you may realize don't like the path you are on. Yet, you aren’t sure whether it's scarier that you don’t often question the path or how often you continue to march down the path knowing how you feel. Yes, it’s a scary place to be, but you gathered up the courage to take the first step. Most people don't.
Are you overwhelmed by the number of things you "have to do" when you don't "want to do" any of them? Some days, you might feel stuck in a rut and can’t get out. You might feel like are holding everything together, but you aren’t enjoying your life. You may question the direction of your life. When you stop to think about it, you may realize don't like the path you are on. Yet, you aren’t sure whether it's scarier that you don’t often question the path or how often you continue to march down the path knowing how you feel. Yes, it’s a scary place to be, but you gathered up the courage to take the first step. Most people don't.
(415) 304-8302 View (415) 304-8302
Photo of Esther Oh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Esther Oh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Are you thriving in your life? Do your pursuits fulfill you, or make you second guess yourself? Perhaps you're caught in constant comparison to your peers. I specialize in helping individuals get past these common hurdles - the ones that hold you back from living a more meaningful life. Whether you are looking to resolve core issues, or trying to achieve balance between work, love and play, people can sometimes feel "stuck." I am here to be your coach, to help you experience your life in a more purposeful way - one that holds value independent of the expectations of others.
Are you thriving in your life? Do your pursuits fulfill you, or make you second guess yourself? Perhaps you're caught in constant comparison to your peers. I specialize in helping individuals get past these common hurdles - the ones that hold you back from living a more meaningful life. Whether you are looking to resolve core issues, or trying to achieve balance between work, love and play, people can sometimes feel "stuck." I am here to be your coach, to help you experience your life in a more purposeful way - one that holds value independent of the expectations of others.
(917) 563-4490 View (917) 563-4490
Photo of Jeannine Colwell, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jeannine Colwell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103
Hi there, I'm Jeannine! My name is Jeannine Colwell and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist ( LMFT) based in San Diego, California, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with teens, adults, law enforcement, military, and veterans and specialize in anxiety, depression, anger management, substance use addiction, sports, coaching, etc. using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ( CBT) and Solution Focused Therapy, coping skills, coaching, to help my clients make progress and start feeling awesome again. My focus is all about you and meeting you where you are at! Looking forward to meeting you!
Hi there, I'm Jeannine! My name is Jeannine Colwell and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist ( LMFT) based in San Diego, California, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with teens, adults, law enforcement, military, and veterans and specialize in anxiety, depression, anger management, substance use addiction, sports, coaching, etc. using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ( CBT) and Solution Focused Therapy, coping skills, coaching, to help my clients make progress and start feeling awesome again. My focus is all about you and meeting you where you are at! Looking forward to meeting you!
(415) 818-0402 View (415) 818-0402
Photo of Sharon Christopher, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sharon Christopher
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Do you and your partner find yourselves having the same argument over and over again without making progress in finding solutions? Do you miss your partner feeling like your best friend? If conflict and communication problems are damaging your relationship, it might be best to seek couple therapy. I recognize the courage it takes to reach out for support and I provide a judgment-free space for couples who want to improve their relationship.
Do you and your partner find yourselves having the same argument over and over again without making progress in finding solutions? Do you miss your partner feeling like your best friend? If conflict and communication problems are damaging your relationship, it might be best to seek couple therapy. I recognize the courage it takes to reach out for support and I provide a judgment-free space for couples who want to improve their relationship.
(628) 200-4132 View (628) 200-4132
Photo of Adam Jelloian, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Adam Jelloian
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
In the room with me, you can expect my full attention, understanding, and collaboration as we work together to empower and encourage you to be the person you want to be. Together we will customize a plan that will meet your needs and most importantly your wants and desires for your life. I believe you have the inner strength to overcome what is holding you back, therefore I will be your guide to better understand yourself. Having mutual trust and understanding is crucial, and knowing that you decided to invest in yourself with me is very brave.
In the room with me, you can expect my full attention, understanding, and collaboration as we work together to empower and encourage you to be the person you want to be. Together we will customize a plan that will meet your needs and most importantly your wants and desires for your life. I believe you have the inner strength to overcome what is holding you back, therefore I will be your guide to better understand yourself. Having mutual trust and understanding is crucial, and knowing that you decided to invest in yourself with me is very brave.
(415) 873-4930 View (415) 873-4930
Photo of Trevor M Ahrendt, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Trevor M Ahrendt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I help people lead an examined life, especially when they're making transformative, profound shifts. I love to meet people when they're trying to make big changes relationships, careers, or rebooting their life out of addiction, depression, or bad marriahes. I offer both practical, tactical solutions and exploration of deeper, unconscious currents. I have a particular interest in people looking to develop or integrate a sense of spirituality. I work with people in tech, leaders, artists and seekers who are looking to lead a vital and integrated life.
I help people lead an examined life, especially when they're making transformative, profound shifts. I love to meet people when they're trying to make big changes relationships, careers, or rebooting their life out of addiction, depression, or bad marriahes. I offer both practical, tactical solutions and exploration of deeper, unconscious currents. I have a particular interest in people looking to develop or integrate a sense of spirituality. I work with people in tech, leaders, artists and seekers who are looking to lead a vital and integrated life.
(510) 587-9221 View (510) 587-9221
Photo of Yotam Heineberg, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Yotam Heineberg
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
I offer online video sessions as well as in-person psychotherapy sessions. I offer heart and science-based psychotherapy to growth-oriented individuals interested in deepening their capacity for resilience, coping with life’s challenges, care, connection, and meaning. Sessions are offered in person, or online via video chat. Counseling and coaching services are all informed by evidence-based psychotherapy perspectives, emphasizing primarily Compassion-Focused Therapy and related perspectives. Furthermore, I also offer psychotherapy in Hebrew.
I offer online video sessions as well as in-person psychotherapy sessions. I offer heart and science-based psychotherapy to growth-oriented individuals interested in deepening their capacity for resilience, coping with life’s challenges, care, connection, and meaning. Sessions are offered in person, or online via video chat. Counseling and coaching services are all informed by evidence-based psychotherapy perspectives, emphasizing primarily Compassion-Focused Therapy and related perspectives. Furthermore, I also offer psychotherapy in Hebrew.
(415) 901-5764 View (415) 901-5764
Photo of Cirrena Troutt, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Cirrena Troutt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
Life can be challenging – we all know that – but the difficulty of these challenges and the way we adapt to them, looks different for everyone. Compassion and kindness while working through these challenges is critical to your success in being able to overcome current challenges and build upon your strengths and skills to prepare for the next. My goal as a therapist is to collaborate with you on your goals in a judgement-free environment where you can feel seen and heard, and truly be your authentic self. Together, we create the tools and techniques needed to improve your mental health and wellbeing.
Life can be challenging – we all know that – but the difficulty of these challenges and the way we adapt to them, looks different for everyone. Compassion and kindness while working through these challenges is critical to your success in being able to overcome current challenges and build upon your strengths and skills to prepare for the next. My goal as a therapist is to collaborate with you on your goals in a judgement-free environment where you can feel seen and heard, and truly be your authentic self. Together, we create the tools and techniques needed to improve your mental health and wellbeing.
(415) 993-5578 View (415) 993-5578
Photo of Lynn G Allen, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lynn G Allen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109
Not accepting new clients
*Not currently taking new clients* I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist providing services via telehealth to clients in California. I recently relocated to California from Florida, where I have extensive experience working with adults and older adolescents who present with a wide variety of issues and concerns. Central to my practice is helping my clients to actively learn skills to feel more grounded, present, relaxed and engaged in their daily lives and relationships. At all times I am guided by evidence-based practice and what available research has shown to be effective for a given issue.
*Not currently taking new clients* I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist providing services via telehealth to clients in California. I recently relocated to California from Florida, where I have extensive experience working with adults and older adolescents who present with a wide variety of issues and concerns. Central to my practice is helping my clients to actively learn skills to feel more grounded, present, relaxed and engaged in their daily lives and relationships. At all times I am guided by evidence-based practice and what available research has shown to be effective for a given issue.
(415) 630-5810 View (415) 630-5810
Photo of Nazanin Fathi, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nazanin Fathi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94129
Dr. Fathi completed her undergraduate degree at the University of California Los Angeles, subsequently pursued graduate training in Marriage and Family Therapy at the University of Southern California, and later completed her Doctorate at the California State University of Northridge. She has worked at some of the most well-known drug and alcohol treatment centers in Southern California, as well as private and state-funded clinics helping individuals, families, and couples.
Dr. Fathi completed her undergraduate degree at the University of California Los Angeles, subsequently pursued graduate training in Marriage and Family Therapy at the University of Southern California, and later completed her Doctorate at the California State University of Northridge. She has worked at some of the most well-known drug and alcohol treatment centers in Southern California, as well as private and state-funded clinics helping individuals, families, and couples.
(415) 650-1510 View (415) 650-1510
Photo of Yafah Sophya Franco, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Yafah Sophya Franco
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
Anxious, depressed, grief of loss of a relationship, close one, job, etc: you have come to the right place. As we all slowly crawl through the adversity presented in our lives, into a world that feels a little less organized and a little more uncertain, we may find what once was no longer is and how do we be with what we have and get to where we want to go. Complex, isn’t it. But historically, humans have recovered from unforeseen crisis, stronger and better than ever. And historically, they have sought the help of others to guide them to see where they really are at and where they can be.
Anxious, depressed, grief of loss of a relationship, close one, job, etc: you have come to the right place. As we all slowly crawl through the adversity presented in our lives, into a world that feels a little less organized and a little more uncertain, we may find what once was no longer is and how do we be with what we have and get to where we want to go. Complex, isn’t it. But historically, humans have recovered from unforeseen crisis, stronger and better than ever. And historically, they have sought the help of others to guide them to see where they really are at and where they can be.
(415) 842-2656 View (415) 842-2656
Photo of Braulio García, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Braulio García
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
Whether you are coping with depression, sexuality issues, struggling with chronic illness or addiction issues, or having problems in your relationships with others, I believe that therapy can help you find the solutions to move forward in your life. I believe that all individuals have the capacity to live their best life and can become 'unstuck' with the help of therapy. I work with adults, both younger and older, cis women and trans & non-binary clients, as well as with couples navigating problems in their relationships.
Whether you are coping with depression, sexuality issues, struggling with chronic illness or addiction issues, or having problems in your relationships with others, I believe that therapy can help you find the solutions to move forward in your life. I believe that all individuals have the capacity to live their best life and can become 'unstuck' with the help of therapy. I work with adults, both younger and older, cis women and trans & non-binary clients, as well as with couples navigating problems in their relationships.
(415) 702-3696 View (415) 702-3696
Photo of Lauren Britt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lauren Britt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
Feel better today. I help people change self-defeating behaviors into life affirming actions using solution focused evidence-based therapies. If you want effective, rapid results and feel ready to get to work, please contact me.
Feel better today. I help people change self-defeating behaviors into life affirming actions using solution focused evidence-based therapies. If you want effective, rapid results and feel ready to get to work, please contact me.
(628) 666-0967 View (628) 666-0967
Photo of Joanna Keller, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Joanna Keller
Psychologist, PsyD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist working with adults of all ages. I have significant experience supporting adults in the tech industry through my role as the Mental Health Manager at the onsite wellness center at Meta/Facebook for 7+ years. Additionally, I am certified in perinatal mental health and specialize in supporting individuals through the complicated journey of parenthood, including fertility challenges, fetal loss, and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. Other areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, substance use/addiction, life transitions, personal/professional growth, and relationships/dating.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist working with adults of all ages. I have significant experience supporting adults in the tech industry through my role as the Mental Health Manager at the onsite wellness center at Meta/Facebook for 7+ years. Additionally, I am certified in perinatal mental health and specialize in supporting individuals through the complicated journey of parenthood, including fertility challenges, fetal loss, and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. Other areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, substance use/addiction, life transitions, personal/professional growth, and relationships/dating.
(415) 801-3703 View (415) 801-3703
Photo of Andrew Benson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Andrew Benson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Are you needing support in navigating through life's challenges? Whether you're experiencing anxiety or depression, or just going through a rough time I am here to help you every step of the way with compassionate and understanding care. I’m passionate about supporting you in identifying the narratives and stories that we may absorb from childhood experiences and culture (parents/caregivers, family, teachers, media, etc.), and seeing if they still align with what is truly important to you in your life today.
Are you needing support in navigating through life's challenges? Whether you're experiencing anxiety or depression, or just going through a rough time I am here to help you every step of the way with compassionate and understanding care. I’m passionate about supporting you in identifying the narratives and stories that we may absorb from childhood experiences and culture (parents/caregivers, family, teachers, media, etc.), and seeing if they still align with what is truly important to you in your life today.
(805) 301-6189 View (805) 301-6189
Photo of Sandra Berger Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sandra Berger Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Therapy with me will help you to gain better understanding of yourself and hopefully will affect positively in your family and your relationships. I work well with adults and adolescents who experience difficult childhood/family relationships, anxiety/depression, single parenting, life transitions and co-dependence/addiction issues. I can help you with coping tools you can use in the first session.
Therapy with me will help you to gain better understanding of yourself and hopefully will affect positively in your family and your relationships. I work well with adults and adolescents who experience difficult childhood/family relationships, anxiety/depression, single parenting, life transitions and co-dependence/addiction issues. I can help you with coping tools you can use in the first session.
(415) 650-1025 View (415) 650-1025
Photo of Kathleen Hoffman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kathleen Hoffman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Kathleen Hoffman is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2014. She graduated from California State University, Sacramento with a Master of Science degree in Marriage and Family Counseling in 2007. Kathleen is multifaceted in her experience working with individuals (adolescents and adults from young to the senior years), couples, children, and families. She began her therapist journey in equine assisted therapy and then transitioned to a clinic setting.
Kathleen Hoffman is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2014. She graduated from California State University, Sacramento with a Master of Science degree in Marriage and Family Counseling in 2007. Kathleen is multifaceted in her experience working with individuals (adolescents and adults from young to the senior years), couples, children, and families. She began her therapist journey in equine assisted therapy and then transitioned to a clinic setting.
(628) 277-5080 View (628) 277-5080
Photo of Akira Olsen, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Akira Olsen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Dr. Akira Olsen is a board-certified Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2010. Dr. Akira has clinical experience working with adolescents, parents, families, and adults in various San Francisco Bay Area settings, including community mental health clinics, schools, women's and family shelters, telehealth clinics, and private practice. She worked as a clinical researcher, faculty, and clinical supervisor at Stanford University and Palo Alto University from 2018-2022.
Dr. Akira Olsen is a board-certified Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2010. Dr. Akira has clinical experience working with adolescents, parents, families, and adults in various San Francisco Bay Area settings, including community mental health clinics, schools, women's and family shelters, telehealth clinics, and private practice. She worked as a clinical researcher, faculty, and clinical supervisor at Stanford University and Palo Alto University from 2018-2022.
(628) 313-3743 View (628) 313-3743
Photo of Wing Shall Lem, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Francisco, CA
Wing Shall Lem
Pre-Licensed Professional, D Min, M Div, Trainee
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94127
Rev. Wing Lem has counseled couples and individuals for 30 years as an ordained pastor. Wing is currently attending Western Seminary for his Masters Degree in Marriage and Family Counseling and is a MFT Trainee. Wing is excited to help men and women who are "stuck" in their relationships whether you are single, married, part of a growing family or single again. Wing can help you feel less anxious and gain mastery in art of communication, which is vital to having successful relationships. He enjoys working with individuals and couples like you who desire to enrich, strengthen, and increase joy in your lives.
Rev. Wing Lem has counseled couples and individuals for 30 years as an ordained pastor. Wing is currently attending Western Seminary for his Masters Degree in Marriage and Family Counseling and is a MFT Trainee. Wing is excited to help men and women who are "stuck" in their relationships whether you are single, married, part of a growing family or single again. Wing can help you feel less anxious and gain mastery in art of communication, which is vital to having successful relationships. He enjoys working with individuals and couples like you who desire to enrich, strengthen, and increase joy in your lives.
(415) 841-2629 x233 View (415) 841-2629 x233

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.