Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Henna Cho, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Henna Cho
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Are you feeling alone, unheard, or stuck? Are you experiencing anxiety, fatigue, and excessive worrying that impact your relationships and career? I’m glad you’re taking the time to notice these changes and to invest in yourself to become a better version of yourself. In sessions, I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help identify ways to incorporate positive changes for your negative thought patterns. Thus, you will learn to become better equipped in maintaining your personal or professional goals. I am committed to helping my clients decrease anxiety and manage healthy relationships.
Are you feeling alone, unheard, or stuck? Are you experiencing anxiety, fatigue, and excessive worrying that impact your relationships and career? I’m glad you’re taking the time to notice these changes and to invest in yourself to become a better version of yourself. In sessions, I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help identify ways to incorporate positive changes for your negative thought patterns. Thus, you will learn to become better equipped in maintaining your personal or professional goals. I am committed to helping my clients decrease anxiety and manage healthy relationships.
(213) 516-6404 View (213) 516-6404
Photo of Frankie Phipps, Pre-Licensed Professional in Oakland, CA
Frankie Phipps
Pre-Licensed Professional, APCC, MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Counseling, to me, is a collaborative space where clients are empowered to explore, find their own path, and work towards their goals. I’m a queer, neurodiverse counselor, and while I am especially passionate about discussing gender, sexuality, and neurodiversity with clients, I enjoy working on a variety of concerns with clients of any identity or experience. Therapy with me often includes building self-awareness, learning and practicing validation, and challenging oneself to make desired changes at a realistic pace.
Counseling, to me, is a collaborative space where clients are empowered to explore, find their own path, and work towards their goals. I’m a queer, neurodiverse counselor, and while I am especially passionate about discussing gender, sexuality, and neurodiversity with clients, I enjoy working on a variety of concerns with clients of any identity or experience. Therapy with me often includes building self-awareness, learning and practicing validation, and challenging oneself to make desired changes at a realistic pace.
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Photo of Eric Mill, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Eric Mill
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Couples want to feel better. Couples often find themselves caught in patterns of conflict that they would love to get out of. Most couples dream of living with better communication and less conflict. Fortunately, couples counseling was made for this. Whether you're looking for couples counseling to increasing the level of commitment in your relationship, wanting to deepen your connection, or really struggling to keep the connection alive - you're not alone and there is help.
Couples want to feel better. Couples often find themselves caught in patterns of conflict that they would love to get out of. Most couples dream of living with better communication and less conflict. Fortunately, couples counseling was made for this. Whether you're looking for couples counseling to increasing the level of commitment in your relationship, wanting to deepen your connection, or really struggling to keep the connection alive - you're not alone and there is help.
(415) 798-9930 View (415) 798-9930
Photo of John R. Edwards, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
John R. Edwards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
Have you experienced awful or traumatic experiences in your life? Have these experiences left you feeling dazed and confused about who you are and how to navigate life? Does your brain and body feel overly tired? Do you worry about just about everything? Have difficulty with decisions and follow through? Perhaps you’re engaging with alcohol, drugs, food, and other things in unhelpful ways to try to numb emotional pain. Negative life experiences leave negative imprints on your brain and body. Heal your brain and body to change your life.
Have you experienced awful or traumatic experiences in your life? Have these experiences left you feeling dazed and confused about who you are and how to navigate life? Does your brain and body feel overly tired? Do you worry about just about everything? Have difficulty with decisions and follow through? Perhaps you’re engaging with alcohol, drugs, food, and other things in unhelpful ways to try to numb emotional pain. Negative life experiences leave negative imprints on your brain and body. Heal your brain and body to change your life.
(925) 575-9269 View (925) 575-9269
Photo of Richard S Barth, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Richard S Barth
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
My goal is to help you sleep and feel better soon. Treatment for insomnia can help improve your mood, your quality of life, and your sense of well-being. I use CBT-I, the "gold standard" for insomnia treatment, to insure that you get the best care available. Most of my patients see significant improvements in their sleep quality within four to five sessions of beginning treatment. If you suffer from insomnia, and would like to decrease or stop your use of sleeping pills, I can help you find effective, drug-free relief.
My goal is to help you sleep and feel better soon. Treatment for insomnia can help improve your mood, your quality of life, and your sense of well-being. I use CBT-I, the "gold standard" for insomnia treatment, to insure that you get the best care available. Most of my patients see significant improvements in their sleep quality within four to five sessions of beginning treatment. If you suffer from insomnia, and would like to decrease or stop your use of sleeping pills, I can help you find effective, drug-free relief.
(510) 817-0429 View (510) 817-0429
Photo of Change Talk with Angelyne Arellano, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Change Talk with Angelyne Arellano, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Are you feeling sad, anxious, or lonely and you’re too ashamed or embarrassed to tell anyone about it? Do you pretend everything is alright as to not draw negative attention or cause problems in your relationships, yet inside you’re feeling despair? Do you feel confused and frustrated during conflicts, and you end up taking care of everyone else’s needs? Are you terrified to make decisions that go against familial or cultural norms? Do negative thoughts take over? Together, you and I will figure out what’s really going on with your discontent so that you don’t have to feel like a fraud or a helpless person. It’s going to be okay.
Are you feeling sad, anxious, or lonely and you’re too ashamed or embarrassed to tell anyone about it? Do you pretend everything is alright as to not draw negative attention or cause problems in your relationships, yet inside you’re feeling despair? Do you feel confused and frustrated during conflicts, and you end up taking care of everyone else’s needs? Are you terrified to make decisions that go against familial or cultural norms? Do negative thoughts take over? Together, you and I will figure out what’s really going on with your discontent so that you don’t have to feel like a fraud or a helpless person. It’s going to be okay.
(510) 216-1525 View (510) 216-1525
Photo of Jim Conwell MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jim Conwell MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I specialize in effective couples therapy. I work with adult individuals, and men with issues in the area of sexuality and intimacy. In working with couples I focus on self-responsibility, communication (listening when listening is hard, self revealing instead of finger-pointing), expectations, self-awareness, and remaining intimate through difficulty. Throughout the whole process I integrate a focus on kindness without abandoning or avoiding the truth. I also specialize in assisting and supporting both men and women with building the skill and ability to feel and share their feelings effectively in intimate relationships.
I specialize in effective couples therapy. I work with adult individuals, and men with issues in the area of sexuality and intimacy. In working with couples I focus on self-responsibility, communication (listening when listening is hard, self revealing instead of finger-pointing), expectations, self-awareness, and remaining intimate through difficulty. Throughout the whole process I integrate a focus on kindness without abandoning or avoiding the truth. I also specialize in assisting and supporting both men and women with building the skill and ability to feel and share their feelings effectively in intimate relationships.
(925) 290-8785 View (925) 290-8785
Photo of DeShannon Williamson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
DeShannon Williamson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94605  (Online Only)
I offer expertise in evidence-based treatments for anxiety, depression, and relationship difficulties. I use a collaborative and strengths-based approach that integrates cultural factors as appropriate. I was raised in an inner-city, urban area, and I carry a high level of understanding for individuals that come from marginalized environments like myself. I also specialize in professional and work stress. I have been a business owner, philanthropist, and investor for almost 30 years. I have experience with high output career stress and how it can affect us.
I offer expertise in evidence-based treatments for anxiety, depression, and relationship difficulties. I use a collaborative and strengths-based approach that integrates cultural factors as appropriate. I was raised in an inner-city, urban area, and I carry a high level of understanding for individuals that come from marginalized environments like myself. I also specialize in professional and work stress. I have been a business owner, philanthropist, and investor for almost 30 years. I have experience with high output career stress and how it can affect us.
(341) 999-7430 View (341) 999-7430
Photo of Gary Bubash, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Gary Bubash
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Professional well adjusted people find my therapeutic model very helpful as complicated as their life can become at times. When things are going great relationships can be very fulfilling and deeply gratifying. However, by now we've all realized that relationships not only change but sometimes vastly improve while other times seem to no longer have the ability to grow and meet expectations. What does it mean when changes take place? What are those changes saying about me or the other? If you are finding it exhausting waiting for others to change, I can help.
Professional well adjusted people find my therapeutic model very helpful as complicated as their life can become at times. When things are going great relationships can be very fulfilling and deeply gratifying. However, by now we've all realized that relationships not only change but sometimes vastly improve while other times seem to no longer have the ability to grow and meet expectations. What does it mean when changes take place? What are those changes saying about me or the other? If you are finding it exhausting waiting for others to change, I can help.
(510) 224-3433 View (510) 224-3433
Photo of Patricia Burke, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Patricia Burke
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607  (Online Only)
In 30 years experience serving diverse population, I have developed compassioon for client issues. I invite you to bring your experiences and your pain. I work most effectively with clients open to alternative modalities, and who have a spiritual practice that opens into deeper realms. I believe the body holds secrets and trapped emotions which can cause physical pain. Body knows things conscious mind barely glimpses. Our work together will involved body, mind and soul. I can guide you into light or deep regression for insight and healing.
In 30 years experience serving diverse population, I have developed compassioon for client issues. I invite you to bring your experiences and your pain. I work most effectively with clients open to alternative modalities, and who have a spiritual practice that opens into deeper realms. I believe the body holds secrets and trapped emotions which can cause physical pain. Body knows things conscious mind barely glimpses. Our work together will involved body, mind and soul. I can guide you into light or deep regression for insight and healing.
(510) 876-4241 View (510) 876-4241
Photo of Dara Hayden, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dara Hayden
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
Therapy can offer you the chance to increase your sense of personal satisfaction, improve your relationships and resolve specific concerns. Whether you are struggling with a recent challenge, or dealing with long term difficulties, I'd be glad to speak with you. I offer a collaborative, compassionate, depth-oriented therapeutic style in a confidential private practice setting. I meet with and welcome individuals of all ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds who may identify with traditional or non-traditional gender roles and sexual identities. Please contact me for more information, or to schedule an appointment.
Therapy can offer you the chance to increase your sense of personal satisfaction, improve your relationships and resolve specific concerns. Whether you are struggling with a recent challenge, or dealing with long term difficulties, I'd be glad to speak with you. I offer a collaborative, compassionate, depth-oriented therapeutic style in a confidential private practice setting. I meet with and welcome individuals of all ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds who may identify with traditional or non-traditional gender roles and sexual identities. Please contact me for more information, or to schedule an appointment.
(510) 454-8070 View (510) 454-8070
Photo of Shawna B. Adkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Shawna B. Adkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Thank you for being here! Do you want to improve your emotional well being or to learn other ways of relating to life stressors, anxiety, depression or addiction? As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I have nearly a decade of experience supporting adults and specialize in the treatment of substance use and addiction. I am also a certified mindfulness meditation teacher
Thank you for being here! Do you want to improve your emotional well being or to learn other ways of relating to life stressors, anxiety, depression or addiction? As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I have nearly a decade of experience supporting adults and specialize in the treatment of substance use and addiction. I am also a certified mindfulness meditation teacher
(510) 738-0362 View (510) 738-0362
Photo of Barbara Moura, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Barbara Moura
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
Sometimes the coping strategies that we use no longer work for us. And the usual support systems we turn to, are at times just not enough. Therapy can be an added support to help us figure out new strategies to cope with the challenges and times of transition in our lives. I provide a calm and reflective space, where together we will reach a deeper understanding of what holds you back and what changes you need to make to live your life more fully. Some areas of specialization include women's issues, perinatal and postnatal disorders, early parenting and cancer.
Sometimes the coping strategies that we use no longer work for us. And the usual support systems we turn to, are at times just not enough. Therapy can be an added support to help us figure out new strategies to cope with the challenges and times of transition in our lives. I provide a calm and reflective space, where together we will reach a deeper understanding of what holds you back and what changes you need to make to live your life more fully. Some areas of specialization include women's issues, perinatal and postnatal disorders, early parenting and cancer.
(510) 257-9374 View (510) 257-9374
Photo of Bec Crowley, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Bec Crowley
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
I work with couples, individuals, and teens who are looking for a supportive space to talk about the complexities of life. I believe the key to healing is strengthening the relationship we have with ourselves, and to live from a place of authenticity, we must first understand the systems and experiences that have shaped us. Therapy provides a space for a variety of forms of self-exploration. Together we can find the path that aligns best with your unique healing journey.
I work with couples, individuals, and teens who are looking for a supportive space to talk about the complexities of life. I believe the key to healing is strengthening the relationship we have with ourselves, and to live from a place of authenticity, we must first understand the systems and experiences that have shaped us. Therapy provides a space for a variety of forms of self-exploration. Together we can find the path that aligns best with your unique healing journey.
(510) 480-3174 View (510) 480-3174
Photo of Sarah Koch-Schiller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sarah Koch-Schiller
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Thank you so much for visiting my page. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist with over a decade of experience providing psychotherapy to adults, families, and children. I am a relational therapist, meaning that I deeply value the healing aspects of the therapeutic relationship, and work collaboratively with my clients to ensure therapy is meaningful and aligned with treatment goals.
Thank you so much for visiting my page. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist with over a decade of experience providing psychotherapy to adults, families, and children. I am a relational therapist, meaning that I deeply value the healing aspects of the therapeutic relationship, and work collaboratively with my clients to ensure therapy is meaningful and aligned with treatment goals.
(628) 216-2060 View (628) 216-2060
Photo of Jennifer Lara, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Oakland, CA
Jennifer Lara
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Childhood trauma can cripple us, it creates overpowering ‘intense’ emotions such as anxiety, depression, and anger when left unattended which begins to create physical symptoms to defend our bodies from the internal wounds. Has there ever been a time in your life where you have experienced this reaction? Are you experiencing these feelings based on current or past trauma from childhood, early teens, adolescence, adulthood, or as a senior? I aim to utilize a variety of actionable techniques to help reduce trauma related symptoms and make lasting changes in life.
Childhood trauma can cripple us, it creates overpowering ‘intense’ emotions such as anxiety, depression, and anger when left unattended which begins to create physical symptoms to defend our bodies from the internal wounds. Has there ever been a time in your life where you have experienced this reaction? Are you experiencing these feelings based on current or past trauma from childhood, early teens, adolescence, adulthood, or as a senior? I aim to utilize a variety of actionable techniques to help reduce trauma related symptoms and make lasting changes in life.
(415) 200-3335 View (415) 200-3335
Photo of Taylor Keller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Taylor Keller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
My style is an honest approach to a client-centered model that allows for the client to guide the direction with my support. Together we can navigate through some of today’s hurdles and stress such as depression/anxiety, trauma, relationship/communication issues, loss/grief/bereavement, and family conflict. With the mutual understanding that we may not be able to change certain aspects of our life, I am here to help you process, adjust expectations, cope, improve communication skills, set boundaries, and strengthen your resilience.
My style is an honest approach to a client-centered model that allows for the client to guide the direction with my support. Together we can navigate through some of today’s hurdles and stress such as depression/anxiety, trauma, relationship/communication issues, loss/grief/bereavement, and family conflict. With the mutual understanding that we may not be able to change certain aspects of our life, I am here to help you process, adjust expectations, cope, improve communication skills, set boundaries, and strengthen your resilience.
(510) 480-3369 View (510) 480-3369
Photo of Nicole Woolf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Nicole Woolf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Seeking help can be scary and exciting, and it takes a lot of bravery and courage to take the initial step. You may be feeling like you are depressed and anxious due to your trauma. I aim to meet you where you are mentally and emotionally and help you grow, learn skills, and adapt to new changes. We can work together to identify your goals and needs and address the emotional and behavioral challenges you experience.
Seeking help can be scary and exciting, and it takes a lot of bravery and courage to take the initial step. You may be feeling like you are depressed and anxious due to your trauma. I aim to meet you where you are mentally and emotionally and help you grow, learn skills, and adapt to new changes. We can work together to identify your goals and needs and address the emotional and behavioral challenges you experience.
(415) 539-2882 View (415) 539-2882
Photo of Maha N Mian, Psychological Associate in Oakland, CA
Maha N Mian
Psychological Associate, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
We go through so much in life, and so quickly—but when do we get the chance to make sense of it all? With things moving so fast, how do we find a chance to make changes or different choices? Are you looking for a space to slow down, process your experiences, and find a new way forward? I’m Maha, a second-generation South Asian cisgender woman, and have been fortunate enough to work with folks from all walks of life coping with trauma (including intergenerational and racial trauma), depression, anxiety, interpersonal issues, life transitions, and identity exploration/integration.
We go through so much in life, and so quickly—but when do we get the chance to make sense of it all? With things moving so fast, how do we find a chance to make changes or different choices? Are you looking for a space to slow down, process your experiences, and find a new way forward? I’m Maha, a second-generation South Asian cisgender woman, and have been fortunate enough to work with folks from all walks of life coping with trauma (including intergenerational and racial trauma), depression, anxiety, interpersonal issues, life transitions, and identity exploration/integration.
(510) 726-8190 View (510) 726-8190
Photo of Paul T Guillory, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Paul T Guillory
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
My work has focused on repairing relationship bonds. Please view my Website at www.paultgulloryphd.com for more details. I am Certified in Emotionally Focused Therapy both as a Trainer and Supervisor. This means I have successfully under taken rigorous advance training and been approved by the International Centre for Excellence in EFT. I am the author of: "Emotionally Focused Therapy with African American Couples: Love Heals. I am dedicated to helping couples address and resolve conflict, repair emotional injuries, and revitalize their bond. I also offer Masters level Training in Emotionally Focus Therapy.
My work has focused on repairing relationship bonds. Please view my Website at www.paultgulloryphd.com for more details. I am Certified in Emotionally Focused Therapy both as a Trainer and Supervisor. This means I have successfully under taken rigorous advance training and been approved by the International Centre for Excellence in EFT. I am the author of: "Emotionally Focused Therapy with African American Couples: Love Heals. I am dedicated to helping couples address and resolve conflict, repair emotional injuries, and revitalize their bond. I also offer Masters level Training in Emotionally Focus Therapy.
(510) 878-4876 View (510) 878-4876

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
49% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.