Therapists in 92106

Photo of Edon Berkenstadt, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Edon Berkenstadt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
San Diego, CA 92106
We all have the capacity to grow, learn, and make positive changes no matter what life throws our way. Psychotherapy is a way of understanding personal conflicts and creating meaning through self-discovery. It is one of the first steps towards achieving change. My style of treatment aims at exploring and understanding ways of thinking, behaving and relating to others that are outside of the one's personal awareness. This lack of awareness can often result in repetitive patterns of behavior that leads to dissatisfaction and emotional anguish in a person's life.
We all have the capacity to grow, learn, and make positive changes no matter what life throws our way. Psychotherapy is a way of understanding personal conflicts and creating meaning through self-discovery. It is one of the first steps towards achieving change. My style of treatment aims at exploring and understanding ways of thinking, behaving and relating to others that are outside of the one's personal awareness. This lack of awareness can often result in repetitive patterns of behavior that leads to dissatisfaction and emotional anguish in a person's life.
(619) 831-6289 View (619) 831-6289
Photo of Paul James Kramer, Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT
Paul James Kramer
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT
San Diego, CA 92106
At some point we all struggle to adjustment to life's changes; it's normal to feel stuck and I believe people have what it takes to adjust. For the past 20 years, I have been working with children and teens who are struggling to balance the demands of school and their social life. I integrate parents in my work as much as possible. I also work with adults and Couples often come to me for help in distress and are confused about how or why their relationship has derailed. I am dedicated to helping people build stronger; more intimate relationships and I use several modalities when attempting to help couples in distress.
At some point we all struggle to adjustment to life's changes; it's normal to feel stuck and I believe people have what it takes to adjust. For the past 20 years, I have been working with children and teens who are struggling to balance the demands of school and their social life. I integrate parents in my work as much as possible. I also work with adults and Couples often come to me for help in distress and are confused about how or why their relationship has derailed. I am dedicated to helping people build stronger; more intimate relationships and I use several modalities when attempting to help couples in distress.
(858) 544-3898 View (858) 544-3898
Photo of Traci Wilson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Traci Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
San Diego, CA 92106
Life experiences can impact us in surprising, often difficult, and even traumatic ways leaving us feeling out of touch with ourselves and those around us. We all have a desire to feel understood, and that journey often begins within ourselves. My goal in therapy is to create a space where you feel heard and safe while we explore deeper into who you are and begin to wrestle with the question “where do I go from here?”.
Life experiences can impact us in surprising, often difficult, and even traumatic ways leaving us feeling out of touch with ourselves and those around us. We all have a desire to feel understood, and that journey often begins within ourselves. My goal in therapy is to create a space where you feel heard and safe while we explore deeper into who you are and begin to wrestle with the question “where do I go from here?”.
(619) 639-4291 View (619) 639-4291
Photo of Paul Kramer, Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT
Paul Kramer
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92106
At some point we all struggle to adjustment to life's changes; it's normal to feel stuck and I believe people have what it takes to adjust. For the past 20 years, I have been working with children and teens who are struggling to balance the demands of school and their social life. I integrate parents in my work as much as possible. I also work with adults and Couples often come to me for help in distress and are confused about how or why their relationship has derailed. I am dedicated to helping people build stronger; more intimate relationships and I use several modalities when attempting to help couples in distress.
At some point we all struggle to adjustment to life's changes; it's normal to feel stuck and I believe people have what it takes to adjust. For the past 20 years, I have been working with children and teens who are struggling to balance the demands of school and their social life. I integrate parents in my work as much as possible. I also work with adults and Couples often come to me for help in distress and are confused about how or why their relationship has derailed. I am dedicated to helping people build stronger; more intimate relationships and I use several modalities when attempting to help couples in distress.
(510) 391-3959 View (510) 391-3959
Photo of Danielle Michaeliscastillo, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS, MFA
Danielle Michaeliscastillo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS, MFA
5 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92106
Life can be overwhelming, but with the right support, you can overcome challenges, find clarity, and build meaningful connections. With over 15 years of experience, I specialize in providing tailored support for a wide range of concerns, including managing anxiety and panic attacks, navigating stressful life transitions or losses, addressing career challenges and creative blocks, fostering emotional well-being during the perinatal period, navigating personal and professional demands, cultivating resilience, and working through cultural or identity-related challenges.
Life can be overwhelming, but with the right support, you can overcome challenges, find clarity, and build meaningful connections. With over 15 years of experience, I specialize in providing tailored support for a wide range of concerns, including managing anxiety and panic attacks, navigating stressful life transitions or losses, addressing career challenges and creative blocks, fostering emotional well-being during the perinatal period, navigating personal and professional demands, cultivating resilience, and working through cultural or identity-related challenges.
(619) 268-6457 View (619) 268-6457
Photo of Alexa Grossman - Alexa Grossman | EMDR and KAP Therapist (CA/IN/OH), Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAC, ERPSCC
Alexa Grossman | EMDR and KAP Therapist (CA/IN/OH)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAC, ERPSCC
8 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92106
You look like you have it all together, but inside you’re battling anxiety, self-criticism, and the fear of not being enough. The pressure to perform perfectly in your work, relationships, and life is exhausting. You lie awake replaying conversations, second-guessing decisions, and wondering why you can’t just “get over it.” Even when things seem fine from the outside, there’s a constant hum of worry, self-doubt, or the weight of past trauma that keeps you feeling stuck, disconnected, and running on empty. I offer in-person therapy in San Diego, CA, and online therapy across California, Indiana, and Ohio.
You look like you have it all together, but inside you’re battling anxiety, self-criticism, and the fear of not being enough. The pressure to perform perfectly in your work, relationships, and life is exhausting. You lie awake replaying conversations, second-guessing decisions, and wondering why you can’t just “get over it.” Even when things seem fine from the outside, there’s a constant hum of worry, self-doubt, or the weight of past trauma that keeps you feeling stuck, disconnected, and running on empty. I offer in-person therapy in San Diego, CA, and online therapy across California, Indiana, and Ohio.
(619) 413-0446 View (619) 413-0446
Photo of Adam Beer, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Adam Beer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
San Diego, CA 92106
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist who enjoys working with children, adolescents, parents, adult individuals, and couples. My goal is to help you, your child, or your family feel better equipped and empowered to cope with life stressors. Many individuals have experienced challenges or traumatic events, you are not alone. Whether you wish to become a happier person, to feel less anxious, more confident, have better relationships, stop an unhealthy habit, or to simply understand yourself better, I can help you achieve this.
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist who enjoys working with children, adolescents, parents, adult individuals, and couples. My goal is to help you, your child, or your family feel better equipped and empowered to cope with life stressors. Many individuals have experienced challenges or traumatic events, you are not alone. Whether you wish to become a happier person, to feel less anxious, more confident, have better relationships, stop an unhealthy habit, or to simply understand yourself better, I can help you achieve this.
(619) 648-3929 View (619) 648-3929
Photo of Heather Glover, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Heather Glover
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
4 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92106
If you're thinking about making a change—or already on that path—I'm here to walk alongside you. Together, we can turn your most difficult moments into opportunities for healing and growth. I support individuals, couples, and families who are navigating life’s challenges and seeking meaningful, lasting change. In our work together, you'll find a compassionate, welcoming space where you're encouraged to show up just as you are. Whether you're struggling with binge eating, stress, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, life transitions, anger, or relationship conflict, I'm here to support you every step of the way.
If you're thinking about making a change—or already on that path—I'm here to walk alongside you. Together, we can turn your most difficult moments into opportunities for healing and growth. I support individuals, couples, and families who are navigating life’s challenges and seeking meaningful, lasting change. In our work together, you'll find a compassionate, welcoming space where you're encouraged to show up just as you are. Whether you're struggling with binge eating, stress, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, life transitions, anger, or relationship conflict, I'm here to support you every step of the way.
(858) 309-4632 View (858) 309-4632
Photo of Chelsea H Sybrandt, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PMH-C
Chelsea H Sybrandt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PMH-C
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92106
Hello and welcome! I work with individuals and couples to provide a holistic, collaborative and integrative approach to the treatment of relational issues, trauma, mood and anxiety disorders and grief and loss. I have specialized training and expertise to aid in developing a secure attachment to your child(ren) or another adult, support growth and healing from infertility, pregnancy loss and perinatal mood or anxiety disorders, and can help you navigate the transition into parenthood. Additionally, I am a Certified Fair Play Method Facilitator trained to promote equity at home and unburden the invisible load that many women carry.
Hello and welcome! I work with individuals and couples to provide a holistic, collaborative and integrative approach to the treatment of relational issues, trauma, mood and anxiety disorders and grief and loss. I have specialized training and expertise to aid in developing a secure attachment to your child(ren) or another adult, support growth and healing from infertility, pregnancy loss and perinatal mood or anxiety disorders, and can help you navigate the transition into parenthood. Additionally, I am a Certified Fair Play Method Facilitator trained to promote equity at home and unburden the invisible load that many women carry.
(619) 458-3912 View (619) 458-3912
Photo of LeslieGrace Craver, LMSW, ReikiM, RYT-200
LeslieGrace Craver
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92106
Consider pausing and taking a breath. Welcome to Healing & Growth. Movement and change often require a new lens, new tools and a partnership with a professional. I utilize mind/body/spirit integrative therapies including Compassion Focused therapy, Yoga & Reiki to assist individuals, partners and families experiencing life transitions, grief & loss and unhealthy generational patterns. Together we identify and build upon core beliefs & existing strengths. Through this process self-limiting beliefs shift to self-enhancing beliefs. Peace, ease and contentment become part of your everyday life as you breathe and settle to breathe again.
Consider pausing and taking a breath. Welcome to Healing & Growth. Movement and change often require a new lens, new tools and a partnership with a professional. I utilize mind/body/spirit integrative therapies including Compassion Focused therapy, Yoga & Reiki to assist individuals, partners and families experiencing life transitions, grief & loss and unhealthy generational patterns. Together we identify and build upon core beliefs & existing strengths. Through this process self-limiting beliefs shift to self-enhancing beliefs. Peace, ease and contentment become part of your everyday life as you breathe and settle to breathe again.
(619) 649-6559 View (619) 649-6559
Photo of Evelyn Robarts, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Evelyn Robarts
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
San Diego, CA 92106
"Perhaps strength doesn't reside in having never been broken but in the courage required to grow in the broken places" I believe that pursuing and seeking out help through therapy is an act of bravery. It is my privilege as a therapist to help guide individuals through difficult times in order to help them find meaning and resilience. My experience as both a nurse and a therapist gives me a unique open-minded perspective in empathetically addressing issues for clients in both short and long-term therapy.
"Perhaps strength doesn't reside in having never been broken but in the courage required to grow in the broken places" I believe that pursuing and seeking out help through therapy is an act of bravery. It is my privilege as a therapist to help guide individuals through difficult times in order to help them find meaning and resilience. My experience as both a nurse and a therapist gives me a unique open-minded perspective in empathetically addressing issues for clients in both short and long-term therapy.
(619) 363-5172 View (619) 363-5172
Photo of Natalie Small - Groundswell Community Project, Pre-Licensed Professional
Groundswell Community Project
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92106
Our team of Groundswell Surf Therapy trained clinicians are stoked to meet you where you are at with an assortment of new offerings, spaces, and places that support you in reclaiming your relationship with your body, mother oceans body, and community. Whether in the comfort of your home or in the sea surrounded by sisters, we walk alongside womxn and their families in the San Diego Community and around the world as they tackle their fears, cultural hurdles, and transform trauma to discover their own beauty and strength as they embrace and preserve the beauty and strength of Mother Ocean and her waves.
Our team of Groundswell Surf Therapy trained clinicians are stoked to meet you where you are at with an assortment of new offerings, spaces, and places that support you in reclaiming your relationship with your body, mother oceans body, and community. Whether in the comfort of your home or in the sea surrounded by sisters, we walk alongside womxn and their families in the San Diego Community and around the world as they tackle their fears, cultural hurdles, and transform trauma to discover their own beauty and strength as they embrace and preserve the beauty and strength of Mother Ocean and her waves.
(619) 916-4828 View (619) 916-4828
Photo of Madison Omholt, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, SEP
Madison Omholt
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, SEP
San Diego, CA 92106
As a therapist/teacher I ask that my clients be willing to grow. Growth can look many ways, but always involves practice. The people who take what they learn in sesh, practice it with insight, vulnerality, openness, and some diligence, they get the brilliance, sometimes very trying, and grace of somatic and relational transformation.
As a therapist/teacher I ask that my clients be willing to grow. Growth can look many ways, but always involves practice. The people who take what they learn in sesh, practice it with insight, vulnerality, openness, and some diligence, they get the brilliance, sometimes very trying, and grace of somatic and relational transformation.
(619) 273-5062 View (619) 273-5062
Photo of Dr. Elizabeth K Stanton, Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Dr. Elizabeth K Stanton
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
San Diego, CA 92106
As a biracial, African American female psychologist who identifies with the world community, I provide comprehensive mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. I believe that mental maintenance is an essential component to life success. Using a client-centered approach, I strive to provide an environment that perpetuates authenticity, presence, and growth. One can expect a welcoming space that is easily accessible (parking, elevators, and near to public transportation), with options for evening and weekend appointments.
As a biracial, African American female psychologist who identifies with the world community, I provide comprehensive mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. I believe that mental maintenance is an essential component to life success. Using a client-centered approach, I strive to provide an environment that perpetuates authenticity, presence, and growth. One can expect a welcoming space that is easily accessible (parking, elevators, and near to public transportation), with options for evening and weekend appointments.
(619) 389-2052 View (619) 389-2052
Photo of Paul Kramer, Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT
Paul Kramer
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92106
At some point we all struggle to adjustment to life's changes; it's normal to feel stuck and I believe people have what it takes to adjust. For the past 20 years, I have been working with children and teens who are struggling to balance the demands of school and their social life. I integrate parents in my work as much as possible. I also work with adults and Couples often come to me for help in distress and are confused about how or why their relationship has derailed. I am dedicated to helping people build stronger; more intimate relationships and I use several modalities when attempting to help couples in distress.
At some point we all struggle to adjustment to life's changes; it's normal to feel stuck and I believe people have what it takes to adjust. For the past 20 years, I have been working with children and teens who are struggling to balance the demands of school and their social life. I integrate parents in my work as much as possible. I also work with adults and Couples often come to me for help in distress and are confused about how or why their relationship has derailed. I am dedicated to helping people build stronger; more intimate relationships and I use several modalities when attempting to help couples in distress.
(510) 350-3542 View (510) 350-3542
Photo of Miriam Torres Brinkmann, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Miriam Torres Brinkmann
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
San Diego, CA 92106
Are you feeling stuck in your relationship or struggling with life’s challenges? I help couples and individuals find clarity, connection, and confidence. Whether you're facing relationship distress, anxiety, or major life decisions, I provide a supportive space for growth. I offer discernment counseling for couples unsure about their future and couples intensives for deep, transformative work. Using evidence-based approaches, I help clients heal from the past, navigate the present, and move toward a more fulfilling future.
Are you feeling stuck in your relationship or struggling with life’s challenges? I help couples and individuals find clarity, connection, and confidence. Whether you're facing relationship distress, anxiety, or major life decisions, I provide a supportive space for growth. I offer discernment counseling for couples unsure about their future and couples intensives for deep, transformative work. Using evidence-based approaches, I help clients heal from the past, navigate the present, and move toward a more fulfilling future.
(619) 558-5437 View (619) 558-5437
Photo of Dr. Jonathan Marquez, Psychologist, PhD, BCB
Dr. Jonathan Marquez
Psychologist, PhD, BCB
San Diego, CA 92106
I work with my patients to identify specific, well-researched, concrete tools that can help combat mental health issues and empower them to react with more control, awareness, and balance. We'll work as a team to develop skills to gain deeper insights, manage the inevitable barriers in life, and gain more control over psychological concerns.
I work with my patients to identify specific, well-researched, concrete tools that can help combat mental health issues and empower them to react with more control, awareness, and balance. We'll work as a team to develop skills to gain deeper insights, manage the inevitable barriers in life, and gain more control over psychological concerns.
(619) 949-1382 View (619) 949-1382
Photo of Patricia Mahoney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Patricia Mahoney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
San Diego, CA 92106
I have been a Licensed Clinical Social Worker for over 25 years. I work with teenagers, adults and senior adults. I enjoy a client-centered, holistic and engaging approach to therapy. I provide a safe and supportive space for clients to grow, heal and make positive changes in their lives. I utilize Solution-Focused, CBT, Supportive Counseling and Person-centered interventions. My clinical specialties include Depression, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders,Trauma, Infertility, Post-partum Depression/Anxiety, Family/Marital discord and Divorce. My office is a warm and tranquil suite in the Shelter Island neighborhood of San Diego.
I have been a Licensed Clinical Social Worker for over 25 years. I work with teenagers, adults and senior adults. I enjoy a client-centered, holistic and engaging approach to therapy. I provide a safe and supportive space for clients to grow, heal and make positive changes in their lives. I utilize Solution-Focused, CBT, Supportive Counseling and Person-centered interventions. My clinical specialties include Depression, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders,Trauma, Infertility, Post-partum Depression/Anxiety, Family/Marital discord and Divorce. My office is a warm and tranquil suite in the Shelter Island neighborhood of San Diego.
(619) 492-5527 View (619) 492-5527
Photo of Elizabeth Stanton, Psychologist, LCP
Elizabeth Stanton
Psychologist, LCP
San Diego, CA 92106
As a biracial, African American female psychologist who identifies with the world community, I provide comprehensive mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. I believe that mental maintenance is an essential component to life success. Using a client-centered approach, I strive to provide an environment that perpetuates authenticity, presence, and growth. One can expect a welcoming space, with options for evening and weekend appointments.
As a biracial, African American female psychologist who identifies with the world community, I provide comprehensive mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. I believe that mental maintenance is an essential component to life success. Using a client-centered approach, I strive to provide an environment that perpetuates authenticity, presence, and growth. One can expect a welcoming space, with options for evening and weekend appointments.
(951) 330-7731 View (951) 330-7731
Photo of Preston Lavin, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Preston Lavin
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
San Diego, CA 92106
Life can feel overwhelming when anxiety takes over your thoughts and your body will not settle. You may struggle with constant worry, panic attacks, intrusive thoughts, OCD related mental loops, or difficulty sleeping due to anxiety. Many of my ideal clients are high functioning adults who appear put together on the outside but feel mentally exhausted, stuck in fear driven patterns, or disconnected from themselves and others. Some are also navigating questions of identity, belonging, or connection and want to feel fully understood.
Life can feel overwhelming when anxiety takes over your thoughts and your body will not settle. You may struggle with constant worry, panic attacks, intrusive thoughts, OCD related mental loops, or difficulty sleeping due to anxiety. Many of my ideal clients are high functioning adults who appear put together on the outside but feel mentally exhausted, stuck in fear driven patterns, or disconnected from themselves and others. Some are also navigating questions of identity, belonging, or connection and want to feel fully understood.
(619) 853-6048 View (619) 853-6048

See more therapy options for 92106

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 92106

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 92106 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Grief
62% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth
53% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 92106 see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 92106?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.