Therapists in San Diego, CA

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Photo of MinhChau Nguyen, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
MinhChau Nguyen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello, dear kindred spirit, welcome! I'm a first-gen Southeast Asian immigrant who enjoys spending time out in nature, playing with my dog, and creative activities. My focus is on relationships, especially the one you have with yourself. I understand how we view and care for ourselves shapes how we live, the connections we make, and the meaning we find in our lives. I believe your heart deserves to be cared for, and you do not need to wait until your pain is "enough" to reach out. I am here to walk alongside you through life's challenges and support you in connecting with the wisdom and beauty within you.
Hello, dear kindred spirit, welcome! I'm a first-gen Southeast Asian immigrant who enjoys spending time out in nature, playing with my dog, and creative activities. My focus is on relationships, especially the one you have with yourself. I understand how we view and care for ourselves shapes how we live, the connections we make, and the meaning we find in our lives. I believe your heart deserves to be cared for, and you do not need to wait until your pain is "enough" to reach out. I am here to walk alongside you through life's challenges and support you in connecting with the wisdom and beauty within you.
(619) 800-3288 View (619) 800-3288
Photo of Brooke Hatfield, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Brooke Hatfield
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I enjoy working with clients who are motivated to explore their current challenges in an effort to see what is, and is not, working for them. I am passionate about helping clients to identify their growth goals and being a partner for attaining lasting change. Whether the changes need to occur within their mindset, behaviors or personal/relationship boundaries- I am here to help. Clients often have an area of focus in mind when they start therapy, and we often find that this one area affects many others in their lives. Once this focus is addressed, clients often find that the positive changes they are making have widespread effects.
I enjoy working with clients who are motivated to explore their current challenges in an effort to see what is, and is not, working for them. I am passionate about helping clients to identify their growth goals and being a partner for attaining lasting change. Whether the changes need to occur within their mindset, behaviors or personal/relationship boundaries- I am here to help. Clients often have an area of focus in mind when they start therapy, and we often find that this one area affects many others in their lives. Once this focus is addressed, clients often find that the positive changes they are making have widespread effects.
(619) 598-0424 View (619) 598-0424
Photo of Heather Swisher, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Heather Swisher
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome! My name is Heather Swisher and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I believe that therapy should be collaborative and organic.  I specialize in treating adults work through past traumas that are currently disrupting their everyday life and getting in the way of making long-lasting growth. It is my goal to ensure that I create a safe space filled with warmth, authenticity, and empathy as I understand that growth can at times be uncomfortable. As a therapist, I feel honored to be able to hear each person's story and join them on their journey towards healing.
Welcome! My name is Heather Swisher and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I believe that therapy should be collaborative and organic.  I specialize in treating adults work through past traumas that are currently disrupting their everyday life and getting in the way of making long-lasting growth. It is my goal to ensure that I create a safe space filled with warmth, authenticity, and empathy as I understand that growth can at times be uncomfortable. As a therapist, I feel honored to be able to hear each person's story and join them on their journey towards healing.
(619) 900-6966 View (619) 900-6966
Photo of Alice Wu-Cardona - One Life Therapy: Alice Wu-Cardona, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
One Life Therapy: Alice Wu-Cardona, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
San Diego, CA 92108
Sometimes our best life can feel out of reach. A part of us feels stuck in cognitive or relational patterns that served us at one time, but do not serve us well anymore. We want to make some changes, but we find ourselves stuck. Poet Mary Oliver asked the question, "What will you do with this one wild and precious life?" I'm here to listen as you figure out how you want to answer this question, and to witness the work you need to do to get there. Our best selves, living our best lives, are within reach.
Sometimes our best life can feel out of reach. A part of us feels stuck in cognitive or relational patterns that served us at one time, but do not serve us well anymore. We want to make some changes, but we find ourselves stuck. Poet Mary Oliver asked the question, "What will you do with this one wild and precious life?" I'm here to listen as you figure out how you want to answer this question, and to witness the work you need to do to get there. Our best selves, living our best lives, are within reach.
(619) 554-0437 View (619) 554-0437
Photo of Dr. Lara Dye, Psychologist, PhD, CSAT
Dr. Lara Dye
Psychologist, PhD, CSAT
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92121
I am a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (IITAP) and have extensive experience working with people who suffer from compulsive sexual behaviors. If you struggle in intimate relationships, I have decades of experience working with clients with childhood attachment wounds that ultimately create difficulty in adult relationships. I help clients by evaluating your issues or diagnoses, creating with you an effective treatment plan. This usually helps you decrease anxiety in your relationships, effectively resolve conflict in your partnership and to experience more peace and happiness in many areas of your life.
I am a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (IITAP) and have extensive experience working with people who suffer from compulsive sexual behaviors. If you struggle in intimate relationships, I have decades of experience working with clients with childhood attachment wounds that ultimately create difficulty in adult relationships. I help clients by evaluating your issues or diagnoses, creating with you an effective treatment plan. This usually helps you decrease anxiety in your relationships, effectively resolve conflict in your partnership and to experience more peace and happiness in many areas of your life.
(442) 207-5350 View (442) 207-5350
Photo of Annie L Hall - Annie Hall Marriage & Family Therapy, Inc., Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Annie Hall Marriage & Family Therapy, Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Reaching out for help isn't always easy. Connecting with a therapist you trust is crucial for the success of the therapeutic process. As a marriage and family therapist, I strive to meet my clients' emotional needs in order to understand their world-views, experiences and struggles. It is a privilege to accompany a client towards a journey of health. I seek to form a collaborative bond within the counseling relationship. I have found that therapy can create the spark needed to pursue positive change in the lives of my clients.
Reaching out for help isn't always easy. Connecting with a therapist you trust is crucial for the success of the therapeutic process. As a marriage and family therapist, I strive to meet my clients' emotional needs in order to understand their world-views, experiences and struggles. It is a privilege to accompany a client towards a journey of health. I seek to form a collaborative bond within the counseling relationship. I have found that therapy can create the spark needed to pursue positive change in the lives of my clients.
(858) 346-6587 View (858) 346-6587
Photo of Tammi Collins, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Tammi Collins
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I believe the relationship between client and therapist is extremely important therefore I hope to foster the healing process by providing an authentic safe, caring, secure, and non-judgmental atmosphere where you can feel heard. Therefore, my main goal is to focus on the client and meet them where they are now. While empowering clients to recognize the connection between their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. I take a compassionate and collaborative approach to helping clients on their journeys toward healing and happiness.
I believe the relationship between client and therapist is extremely important therefore I hope to foster the healing process by providing an authentic safe, caring, secure, and non-judgmental atmosphere where you can feel heard. Therefore, my main goal is to focus on the client and meet them where they are now. While empowering clients to recognize the connection between their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. I take a compassionate and collaborative approach to helping clients on their journeys toward healing and happiness.
(818) 875-9536 View (818) 875-9536
Photo of Carolyn Klusmeier, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA MFT
Carolyn Klusmeier
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA MFT
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92128
Movement and healing are possible! Sometimes we get stuck. I love working with people who desire to experience freedom from the impact of old wounds and unsatisfying relationship patterns. I provide short and long term therapy for people who are desiring to process trauma or disturbing life events, such as accidents, sudden loss of loved ones, and past abuse. I also work with people who desire to navigate life transitions well, examine unhelpful patterns in their life that get in the way of thriving, and experience relief from anxiety. I am certified in Perinatal Mental Health (pregnancy and postpartum) and love supporting parents.
Movement and healing are possible! Sometimes we get stuck. I love working with people who desire to experience freedom from the impact of old wounds and unsatisfying relationship patterns. I provide short and long term therapy for people who are desiring to process trauma or disturbing life events, such as accidents, sudden loss of loved ones, and past abuse. I also work with people who desire to navigate life transitions well, examine unhelpful patterns in their life that get in the way of thriving, and experience relief from anxiety. I am certified in Perinatal Mental Health (pregnancy and postpartum) and love supporting parents.
(619) 762-2584 View (619) 762-2584
Photo of Amber Curry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Amber Curry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Worker (LCSW), LCSW 128116. My approach to therapy is client-centered, strengths-based, and trauma-informed. I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental space where clients feel empowered to explore their emotions, develop self-awareness, and build practical coping skills.
I am a Licensed Clinical Worker (LCSW), LCSW 128116. My approach to therapy is client-centered, strengths-based, and trauma-informed. I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental space where clients feel empowered to explore their emotions, develop self-awareness, and build practical coping skills.
(424) 544-8228 View (424) 544-8228
Photo of Max Doshay - KMN Psych, Psychologist, PsyD
KMN Psych
Psychologist, PsyD
San Diego, CA 92111
Our ideal clients are children, teens, and adults who need answers. Parents come to us when their child is struggling in school and no one can quite explain why. Adults come when they've spent years wondering if they have ADHD, a learning disability, or something else entirely. What brings everyone here is the same: a need for clarity. Our team provides thorough neuropsychological evaluations that lead to accurate diagnoses, so that whoever is supporting you next, whether that's a therapist, psychiatrist, or school team, has exactly what they need to help.
Our ideal clients are children, teens, and adults who need answers. Parents come to us when their child is struggling in school and no one can quite explain why. Adults come when they've spent years wondering if they have ADHD, a learning disability, or something else entirely. What brings everyone here is the same: a need for clarity. Our team provides thorough neuropsychological evaluations that lead to accurate diagnoses, so that whoever is supporting you next, whether that's a therapist, psychiatrist, or school team, has exactly what they need to help.
(858) 758-9543 View (858) 758-9543
Photo of Irina Weitzen, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Irina Weitzen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I was born in Belarus and grew up in Israel before moving to San Diego and starting a family here. The transitions I experienced throughout my life have taught me the importance of a secure base. I believe that humans need connection and that feeling safely connected, seen, and accepted drives us to explore and move in the world in our chosen ways.
I was born in Belarus and grew up in Israel before moving to San Diego and starting a family here. The transitions I experienced throughout my life have taught me the importance of a secure base. I believe that humans need connection and that feeling safely connected, seen, and accepted drives us to explore and move in the world in our chosen ways.
(858) 602-1345 View (858) 602-1345
Photo of Dominique Giambalvo - Dominique Giambalvo: HOPE Therapy Group, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, APCC
Dominique Giambalvo: HOPE Therapy Group
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, APCC
3 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92128
Dominique is a dedicated mental health professional with extensive experience providing therapy to children, families, and individuals of all ages. Passionate about supporting mental wellness, she specializes in working with children on the autism spectrum, individuals navigating chronic illness or chronic pain, and those who have experienced trauma. Dominique fosters emotional growth and healing through a client-centered, strengths-based, and humanistic approach. She is particularly skilled in working with young clients, drawing on training with children as young as 2.
Dominique is a dedicated mental health professional with extensive experience providing therapy to children, families, and individuals of all ages. Passionate about supporting mental wellness, she specializes in working with children on the autism spectrum, individuals navigating chronic illness or chronic pain, and those who have experienced trauma. Dominique fosters emotional growth and healing through a client-centered, strengths-based, and humanistic approach. She is particularly skilled in working with young clients, drawing on training with children as young as 2.
(858) 935-8414 View (858) 935-8414
Photo of Brian Buzzella, Psychologist, PhD
Brian Buzzella
Psychologist, PhD
9 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
We choose our partners because the relationship brings us joy, connection, and safety. How do we maintain the good stuff as life gets more complicated? How do we recover from relationship hurts and regain the connection we desire? Whether as a couple or an individual, anxiety and fear can try to limit our choices. Worry can be difficult-to-control. A desire to avoid feeling afraid can lead to our world shrinking. Concern about the ways others evaluate us can make time with others much less satisfying. Together we can find ways to break free, claiming the life you've always wanted.
We choose our partners because the relationship brings us joy, connection, and safety. How do we maintain the good stuff as life gets more complicated? How do we recover from relationship hurts and regain the connection we desire? Whether as a couple or an individual, anxiety and fear can try to limit our choices. Worry can be difficult-to-control. A desire to avoid feeling afraid can lead to our world shrinking. Concern about the ways others evaluate us can make time with others much less satisfying. Together we can find ways to break free, claiming the life you've always wanted.
(858) 758-4525 View (858) 758-4525
Photo of Jordan Sybrandt, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jordan Sybrandt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
8 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
You just don't know what to do. You're not even sure if therapy works, but you know you've got to do something different. You've tried to figure it out on your own and you feel stuck. Therapy can help if you're willing to put in the work, learn new skills and commit to using them. Yes, you can actually recover from anxiety, phobias and even traumatic experiences. And this is more than just learning to live with a psychological limp.
You just don't know what to do. You're not even sure if therapy works, but you know you've got to do something different. You've tried to figure it out on your own and you feel stuck. Therapy can help if you're willing to put in the work, learn new skills and commit to using them. Yes, you can actually recover from anxiety, phobias and even traumatic experiences. And this is more than just learning to live with a psychological limp.
(619) 377-7077 View (619) 377-7077
Photo of Dr. Karly Bastrire, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Karly Bastrire
Psychologist, PsyD
San Diego, CA 92127
Karly Bastrire is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2020. Karly provides evidence-based treatment services to children, adolescents, and adults with a wide range of challenges such as mood disorders (e.g. anxiety, depression), trauma, behavioral issues, personality disorders, and help transitioning through different stages of life. Karly is passionate about utilizing an integrated approach and providing individualized treatment to each patient that allows them to develop coping skills and the personal insight needed to improve their overall functioning and expand their quality of life.
Karly Bastrire is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2020. Karly provides evidence-based treatment services to children, adolescents, and adults with a wide range of challenges such as mood disorders (e.g. anxiety, depression), trauma, behavioral issues, personality disorders, and help transitioning through different stages of life. Karly is passionate about utilizing an integrated approach and providing individualized treatment to each patient that allows them to develop coping skills and the personal insight needed to improve their overall functioning and expand their quality of life.
(858) 753-4152 View (858) 753-4152
Photo of Erika Cole, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Erika Cole
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
You may be carrying pain that no one sees—old trauma, a sense of unworthiness, or the exhaustion of navigating life while feeling disconnected from yourself and others. These struggles can leave you questioning your strength or wondering if real change is possible. I understand that feeling deeply. My own path to becoming a therapist was shaped by surviving childhood trauma and chronic illness—experiences that taught me just how much courage it takes to move through pain. That lived experience fuels my belief in healing, and it shapes the steady, compassionate presence I offer in therapy.
You may be carrying pain that no one sees—old trauma, a sense of unworthiness, or the exhaustion of navigating life while feeling disconnected from yourself and others. These struggles can leave you questioning your strength or wondering if real change is possible. I understand that feeling deeply. My own path to becoming a therapist was shaped by surviving childhood trauma and chronic illness—experiences that taught me just how much courage it takes to move through pain. That lived experience fuels my belief in healing, and it shapes the steady, compassionate presence I offer in therapy.
(858) 533-2861 View (858) 533-2861
Photo of Christina Imada, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Christina Imada
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
I am a Certified Grief Educator and LPCC. I’m here to support you through life’s toughest moments & help you build a deeper connection with yourself, others, & to live in a way that honors your values. Together, we’ll create a safe & supportive space to explore how past experiences may be showing up as grief, anxiety, stress, burnout, low self-worth, & other life difficulties. With care and curiosity, we’ll uncover patterns that no longer serve you & make room for healing & meaningful change.
I am a Certified Grief Educator and LPCC. I’m here to support you through life’s toughest moments & help you build a deeper connection with yourself, others, & to live in a way that honors your values. Together, we’ll create a safe & supportive space to explore how past experiences may be showing up as grief, anxiety, stress, burnout, low self-worth, & other life difficulties. With care and curiosity, we’ll uncover patterns that no longer serve you & make room for healing & meaningful change.
(619) 903-6985 View (619) 903-6985
Photo of Mariela Castro, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Mariela Castro
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
San Diego, CA 92108
Sometimes, life feels heavy whether you are going through a big change, carrying past pain, or just trying to make sense of who you are. If you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of where to turn, you're not alone. I’m Mariela Castro, an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, and I’m here to offer a safe, supportive space where you can feel heard, valued, and understood. I work with children, teens, and adults from all walks of life, and I’m especially passionate about supporting individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds on their journey toward healing and self-discovery.
Sometimes, life feels heavy whether you are going through a big change, carrying past pain, or just trying to make sense of who you are. If you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of where to turn, you're not alone. I’m Mariela Castro, an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, and I’m here to offer a safe, supportive space where you can feel heard, valued, and understood. I work with children, teens, and adults from all walks of life, and I’m especially passionate about supporting individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds on their journey toward healing and self-discovery.
(858) 519-8002 View (858) 519-8002
Photo of Carrie Hill - Carrie Hill, EMDR Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR, IFS
Carrie Hill, EMDR Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR, IFS
7 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
It’s a hard thing to be a highly sensitive person, and even more so when you’re also balancing the challenges of being a high-achieving woman. It’s all too common that we doubt ourselves or face mental health struggles, navigating the space between feeling both “too much” and “not enough”. Over the years of work that I’ve done, I’ve come to realize that the ease with which we navigate this space is largely determined by our ability to embrace and celebrate our strengths while simultaneously accepting and holding the parts of ourselves that we might not appreciate so much with non-judgment and self-compassion.
It’s a hard thing to be a highly sensitive person, and even more so when you’re also balancing the challenges of being a high-achieving woman. It’s all too common that we doubt ourselves or face mental health struggles, navigating the space between feeling both “too much” and “not enough”. Over the years of work that I’ve done, I’ve come to realize that the ease with which we navigate this space is largely determined by our ability to embrace and celebrate our strengths while simultaneously accepting and holding the parts of ourselves that we might not appreciate so much with non-judgment and self-compassion.
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Photo of Amy Greaves - Couples Therapy Intensives, Psychologist, PhD
Couples Therapy Intensives
Psychologist, PhD
San Diego, CA 92122
If your relationship is in crisis, then getting help right away can make all the difference. Relationship intensives differ from traditional therapy because we meet for 2 hours up to 6 or 7 hours in one day. This is the equivalent of almost 2 months of weekly therapy. Whether your problems entail infidelity, constant arguing, living as roommates, or the threat of divorce — by the end of the intensive you will have more clarity, tools you can use right away in your relationship, and a plan for moving forward.
If your relationship is in crisis, then getting help right away can make all the difference. Relationship intensives differ from traditional therapy because we meet for 2 hours up to 6 or 7 hours in one day. This is the equivalent of almost 2 months of weekly therapy. Whether your problems entail infidelity, constant arguing, living as roommates, or the threat of divorce — by the end of the intensive you will have more clarity, tools you can use right away in your relationship, and a plan for moving forward.
(858) 762-9883 View (858) 762-9883

See more therapy options for San Diego

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Diego, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
71% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
66% Life Transitions
66% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
72% Cigna and Evernorth
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Diego, CA see their clients

54% Online Only
46% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.