Photo of Michael Schaeffer - Bonnie Brae Psychotherapy LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Bonnie Brae Psychotherapy LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
My name is Michael and I'm a psychotherapist based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. You're probably visiting my page because something isn’t working in your life and you are considering making a change. I work with individual clients that are 18+ who desire their lives to be different. I have significant training in many areas of mental health, but I specialize in men’s issues, life transitions, grieving fathers and problematic relationships. I see a lot of people who have some ambivalence to meeting with a therapist, but have been “encouraged” by their partners/spouses to seek help.
My name is Michael and I'm a psychotherapist based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. You're probably visiting my page because something isn’t working in your life and you are considering making a change. I work with individual clients that are 18+ who desire their lives to be different. I have significant training in many areas of mental health, but I specialize in men’s issues, life transitions, grieving fathers and problematic relationships. I see a lot of people who have some ambivalence to meeting with a therapist, but have been “encouraged” by their partners/spouses to seek help.
(651) 386-3897 View (651) 386-3897
Photo of Morgan Berggren, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Morgan Berggren
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Navigating life’s complexities can often feel overwhelming. Amid the busyness of day-to-day life, it can be challenging to take the time to make sense of your experiences and envision where you’re headed next. If you're longing for change and seeking a more fulfilling life, therapy can be a valuable resource. Together, we’ll explore how your past experiences shape your present and leverage your strengths to develop practical skills for healing. My goal is to help you confidently align your life with your values and aspirations, empowering you to move forward with clarity and purpose.
Navigating life’s complexities can often feel overwhelming. Amid the busyness of day-to-day life, it can be challenging to take the time to make sense of your experiences and envision where you’re headed next. If you're longing for change and seeking a more fulfilling life, therapy can be a valuable resource. Together, we’ll explore how your past experiences shape your present and leverage your strengths to develop practical skills for healing. My goal is to help you confidently align your life with your values and aspirations, empowering you to move forward with clarity and purpose.
(651) 240-5227 View (651) 240-5227
Photo of Jim Wagner, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Jim Wagner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Not accepting new clients
Finding your way through a difficult time or along the path of emotional healing isn’t easy. And going it alone is becoming too much. Some part of you that wants things to be better knows it’s time—time for deep inner healing, to feel more self-compassion, to better understand yourself, to relate with more dignity. I want to help you make the changes life is calling you to make and experience yourself and your relationships with more wholeness.
Finding your way through a difficult time or along the path of emotional healing isn’t easy. And going it alone is becoming too much. Some part of you that wants things to be better knows it’s time—time for deep inner healing, to feel more self-compassion, to better understand yourself, to relate with more dignity. I want to help you make the changes life is calling you to make and experience yourself and your relationships with more wholeness.
(612) 662-7251 View (612) 662-7251
Photo of Molly Kehr - MidWest Center for Personal & Family Development, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
MidWest Center for Personal & Family Development
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
You can get help in one simple phone call. We offer Caring, Convenient & Effective Behavioral Health Services. Call us at 651-647-1900 to schedule at one of our convenient counseling offices in: St. Paul, Burnsville or virtually from anywhere in Minnesota.
You can get help in one simple phone call. We offer Caring, Convenient & Effective Behavioral Health Services. Call us at 651-647-1900 to schedule at one of our convenient counseling offices in: St. Paul, Burnsville or virtually from anywhere in Minnesota.
(651) 370-9355 View (651) 370-9355
Photo of Courtney Colwell, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Courtney Colwell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
You are feeling lost in your relationship, career or as a parent. You long to feel less stuck and maybe even find your way back to happy again. You have a brain that will not shut off or quiet down. You hear a lot from others that you are too hard on yourself, but don't know how to change that, and then beat up on yourself more because you cannot. Whether it is one or several of the above, there is hope.
You are feeling lost in your relationship, career or as a parent. You long to feel less stuck and maybe even find your way back to happy again. You have a brain that will not shut off or quiet down. You hear a lot from others that you are too hard on yourself, but don't know how to change that, and then beat up on yourself more because you cannot. Whether it is one or several of the above, there is hope.
(612) 223-7886 View (612) 223-7886
Photo of Jess Vail, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Jess Vail
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Therapy only works when there is strong trust, and I work to foster a space that honors clients knowledge, pacing, and personal needs. I strive to help clients make forward movement as therapy is not just a place to vent. My style is warm, candid, and when appropriate, fairly humorous (therapy is work, but can also be playful!). My own journey as a daughter, partner, and mother to a 16 and 12 year old informs my work; I get what it means to be messy and resilient. I work hard to create a space where clients feel free of judgment, while still gently challenging people to do things that may be uncomfortable.
Therapy only works when there is strong trust, and I work to foster a space that honors clients knowledge, pacing, and personal needs. I strive to help clients make forward movement as therapy is not just a place to vent. My style is warm, candid, and when appropriate, fairly humorous (therapy is work, but can also be playful!). My own journey as a daughter, partner, and mother to a 16 and 12 year old informs my work; I get what it means to be messy and resilient. I work hard to create a space where clients feel free of judgment, while still gently challenging people to do things that may be uncomfortable.
(612) 503-5873 View (612) 503-5873
Photo of Chiara Mesia Doig, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Chiara Mesia Doig
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I am originally from Peru but I have lived in MN since 2004. Spanish is my native language. I also speak English fluently. I identify as a cis, straight, immigrant, Latina or Latinx woman & social worker. My work focuses on offering empathy, support, promoting insight, and working collaboratively to achieve goals. I strive to understand people's experiences within their own unique context and take into account larger community and social issues, and how they impact our experience.
I am originally from Peru but I have lived in MN since 2004. Spanish is my native language. I also speak English fluently. I identify as a cis, straight, immigrant, Latina or Latinx woman & social worker. My work focuses on offering empathy, support, promoting insight, and working collaboratively to achieve goals. I strive to understand people's experiences within their own unique context and take into account larger community and social issues, and how they impact our experience.
(651) 504-8933 View (651) 504-8933
Photo of Nguyen Vu, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Nguyen Vu
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
When someone lets me sit with them, listen to their stories, and be a witness to their pains, bravery, and strengths, I consider it an honor and a privilege. Through my personal and professional journey, I have learned, and wholeheartedly believe that every person already has what it takes in them to be content and happy. However, life has never been simple or easy, despite its beauty. Often we can lose sight of our unique and intrinsic strengths, beauty, and meanings when surrounded by the busyness of daily life, human suffering, and un-nourishing cultural messages.
When someone lets me sit with them, listen to their stories, and be a witness to their pains, bravery, and strengths, I consider it an honor and a privilege. Through my personal and professional journey, I have learned, and wholeheartedly believe that every person already has what it takes in them to be content and happy. However, life has never been simple or easy, despite its beauty. Often we can lose sight of our unique and intrinsic strengths, beauty, and meanings when surrounded by the busyness of daily life, human suffering, and un-nourishing cultural messages.
View
Photo of Savira Kambhu, Pre-Licensed Professional
Savira Kambhu
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Some of the issues I work with include anxiety, depression, anger, lack of motivation, career and financial stress, relationship and family issues, racial and cultural oppression, sex and gender-related issues, and addiction. I work to create an environment that feels supportive, respectful, and collaborative. We will explore and figure out ways to make the changes you want to make in your life.
Some of the issues I work with include anxiety, depression, anger, lack of motivation, career and financial stress, relationship and family issues, racial and cultural oppression, sex and gender-related issues, and addiction. I work to create an environment that feels supportive, respectful, and collaborative. We will explore and figure out ways to make the changes you want to make in your life.
(651) 661-3672 View (651) 661-3672
Photo of Allison Ward, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Allison Ward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
You are likely seeking therapy because of distress and confusion around difficult emotional experiences that you are struggling to understand and resolve. This distress and confusion can result in anxiety, relationship issues and depression. Through our work together, we can help resolve these struggles by building an understanding of where they come from and how to respond to them.
You are likely seeking therapy because of distress and confusion around difficult emotional experiences that you are struggling to understand and resolve. This distress and confusion can result in anxiety, relationship issues and depression. Through our work together, we can help resolve these struggles by building an understanding of where they come from and how to respond to them.
(612) 230-8299 View (612) 230-8299
Photo of Terra Sorg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, MSW, LICSW
Terra Sorg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
When it comes to therapy, I know it takes a lot of courage and vulnerability to find the "right" therapist. It is an investment in time, energy and resources, so making it worthwhile is important. My approach is validating as well as direct. My clients have said that I get to the root of their situations quickly and provide clear ideas of how to cope differently. I am a skills-oriented therapist who has many ideas and strategies for working toward your goals.
When it comes to therapy, I know it takes a lot of courage and vulnerability to find the "right" therapist. It is an investment in time, energy and resources, so making it worthwhile is important. My approach is validating as well as direct. My clients have said that I get to the root of their situations quickly and provide clear ideas of how to cope differently. I am a skills-oriented therapist who has many ideas and strategies for working toward your goals.
(651) 661-4855 View (651) 661-4855
Photo of Rebecca Pihl, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Rebecca Pihl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Has life brought an overwhelming amount of changes and challenges? Are you seeking help to make peace with the past & find a path through your difficulties? Do you need to explore new ways of approaching life instead of the old patterns? Healing is possible, and as a compassionate and trained listener I will partner with you on your own unique journey toward growth & peace as you face your struggles. A warm & trusting therapy relationship helps you take the risk of exploring, understanding and accepting yourself so that you can open up to new tools for moving forward.
Has life brought an overwhelming amount of changes and challenges? Are you seeking help to make peace with the past & find a path through your difficulties? Do you need to explore new ways of approaching life instead of the old patterns? Healing is possible, and as a compassionate and trained listener I will partner with you on your own unique journey toward growth & peace as you face your struggles. A warm & trusting therapy relationship helps you take the risk of exploring, understanding and accepting yourself so that you can open up to new tools for moving forward.
(651) 222-9835 View (651) 222-9835
Photo of Mona Lee, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, MDiv
Mona Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I believe that we have no bad parts as people are doing the best they can in whatever state and stage of life they are in. However, sometimes there can be seasons where we need extra support. Have you been feeling overwhelmed thinking about all the expectations, demands, and roles you have in your life? Working with me, you’ll have a chance to explore the richness of your own internal and external experiences. From family, friends, work, personal community, to spiritual beliefs, we will explore the intersection of each part.
I believe that we have no bad parts as people are doing the best they can in whatever state and stage of life they are in. However, sometimes there can be seasons where we need extra support. Have you been feeling overwhelmed thinking about all the expectations, demands, and roles you have in your life? Working with me, you’ll have a chance to explore the richness of your own internal and external experiences. From family, friends, work, personal community, to spiritual beliefs, we will explore the intersection of each part.
(651) 401-7409 View (651) 401-7409
Photo of Kristi L Johnson - Calm Reflections Counseling by Kristi Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Calm Reflections Counseling by Kristi Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I understand that life can be overwhelming at times. Whether you’re dealing with stress, anxiety, feelings of sadness, or the weight of grief, it can often feel like the pressure is too much to carry alone. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe and compassionate space where you can explore these emotions and gain the tools you need to navigate through them.
I understand that life can be overwhelming at times. Whether you’re dealing with stress, anxiety, feelings of sadness, or the weight of grief, it can often feel like the pressure is too much to carry alone. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe and compassionate space where you can explore these emotions and gain the tools you need to navigate through them.
(651) 564-9557 View (651) 564-9557
Photo of Katia R. Lopez-Petrovich, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, NCC, LMFT
Katia R. Lopez-Petrovich
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, NCC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist/Bilingual Psychotherapist focused on providing a range of services for the community including Individual and Family Therapy for Adolescents and Adults. I am not only bilingual (Spanish Language) but fully bicultural as well. I have an experience of more of 15 years. My areas of clinical specialty are mood disorders, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders, trauma, complex trauma, PTSD, abuse and neglect issues, attachment trauma, acculturation issues, women's issues, post-partum depression, infertility grief & loss, multicultural family adjustments and parenting.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist/Bilingual Psychotherapist focused on providing a range of services for the community including Individual and Family Therapy for Adolescents and Adults. I am not only bilingual (Spanish Language) but fully bicultural as well. I have an experience of more of 15 years. My areas of clinical specialty are mood disorders, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders, trauma, complex trauma, PTSD, abuse and neglect issues, attachment trauma, acculturation issues, women's issues, post-partum depression, infertility grief & loss, multicultural family adjustments and parenting.
(612) 400-7668 View (612) 400-7668
Photo of Doug Petrie, Counselor, MA, LPCC
Doug Petrie
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Doug has many years of professional therapy experience working with children and adults. His specialities include: trauma, child abuse, depression, anxiety, ADHD, autism, adoption, sexual identity, and life transitions. Clients appreciate his calm, reassuring and engaging presence and knowledgeable, empowering and creative approaches for understanding and overcoming these serious problems. Your values, ideas and preferences are fully respected and help create truly meaningful results. Doug has a Master's degree in Counseling Psychology from St. Thomas University, a Certified Narrative Therapist, and Registered Play Therapist.
Doug has many years of professional therapy experience working with children and adults. His specialities include: trauma, child abuse, depression, anxiety, ADHD, autism, adoption, sexual identity, and life transitions. Clients appreciate his calm, reassuring and engaging presence and knowledgeable, empowering and creative approaches for understanding and overcoming these serious problems. Your values, ideas and preferences are fully respected and help create truly meaningful results. Doug has a Master's degree in Counseling Psychology from St. Thomas University, a Certified Narrative Therapist, and Registered Play Therapist.
(612) 712-5959 View (612) 712-5959
Photo of Rachel Slater, Psychologist, PhD, LP, SEP
Rachel Slater
Psychologist, PhD, LP, SEP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Human beings do best when in connection with each other. When we are in pain, confusion, fear or sadness, we need support and understanding from others most of all. Yet we all, no matter who we are, experience the trauma of living within oppressive systems such as racism, sexism, weightism or homophobia. This trauma disconnects us from each other and from ourselves, and contributes to our personal pain. My hope is to support you in your personal journey of recovery and to move together with you in developing increased ease, resiliency and capacity for social change.
Human beings do best when in connection with each other. When we are in pain, confusion, fear or sadness, we need support and understanding from others most of all. Yet we all, no matter who we are, experience the trauma of living within oppressive systems such as racism, sexism, weightism or homophobia. This trauma disconnects us from each other and from ourselves, and contributes to our personal pain. My hope is to support you in your personal journey of recovery and to move together with you in developing increased ease, resiliency and capacity for social change.
(612) 999-1455 View (612) 999-1455
Photo of Shauna K Zotalis, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Shauna K Zotalis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
You are considering divorce and fear how it will affect your children. Or you're divorced and met someone and want to blend your families, but are worried about the difficulties that blending brings. These family transitions are full of significant challenges such as grief over the breakup of the family, confusion over stepparent roles and responsibilities, hostile co-parenting relationships, jealousy of ex-spouses or stepchildren, and more. You want happy and healthy relationships with partners, exes, children, and stepchildren. You hope for a sense of "we-ness" as a new family unit and crave peace and balance in the future.
You are considering divorce and fear how it will affect your children. Or you're divorced and met someone and want to blend your families, but are worried about the difficulties that blending brings. These family transitions are full of significant challenges such as grief over the breakup of the family, confusion over stepparent roles and responsibilities, hostile co-parenting relationships, jealousy of ex-spouses or stepchildren, and more. You want happy and healthy relationships with partners, exes, children, and stepchildren. You hope for a sense of "we-ness" as a new family unit and crave peace and balance in the future.
(612) 662-6080 View (612) 662-6080
Photo of Britni A Kelley - Britni Kelley: Adults, Couples, First Responders, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Britni Kelley: Adults, Couples, First Responders
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I especially enjoy working with First Responders and Emergency Healthcare Professionals working under high demand, stressful situations. Treating trauma and PTSD is my main focus. Many of my clients are struggling with a taxed nervous system, are anxious, or simply stuck and need a boost to regain resilience. Highly relational and compassionate, I prioritize relationship and trauma interventions in the midst of healing. I also work with couples navigating longstanding patterns, helping them regain connection and health. If I am booked, I have a team of wonderful, like-minded providers who I’d be happy to connect you with.
I especially enjoy working with First Responders and Emergency Healthcare Professionals working under high demand, stressful situations. Treating trauma and PTSD is my main focus. Many of my clients are struggling with a taxed nervous system, are anxious, or simply stuck and need a boost to regain resilience. Highly relational and compassionate, I prioritize relationship and trauma interventions in the midst of healing. I also work with couples navigating longstanding patterns, helping them regain connection and health. If I am booked, I have a team of wonderful, like-minded providers who I’d be happy to connect you with.
(612) 324-3142 View (612) 324-3142
Photo of Laura Murphy, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Laura Murphy
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Accepting new clients! Many people experience symptoms of anxiety, feel overwhelmed by big changes in their lives, or are ready to heal from past experiences. It can be hard to figure it out alone. I can help! I bring warmth and understanding to every session and put your life experiences and hopes for the future at the heart of our work together. I am passionate about helping my clients navigate their life challenges in a wholehearted, embodied, and connected way. Couples who work with me learn to notice and interrupt the things that get in the way of the connection and communication they are longing for.
Accepting new clients! Many people experience symptoms of anxiety, feel overwhelmed by big changes in their lives, or are ready to heal from past experiences. It can be hard to figure it out alone. I can help! I bring warmth and understanding to every session and put your life experiences and hopes for the future at the heart of our work together. I am passionate about helping my clients navigate their life challenges in a wholehearted, embodied, and connected way. Couples who work with me learn to notice and interrupt the things that get in the way of the connection and communication they are longing for.
(651) 432-0123 View (651) 432-0123
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 55114

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 55114 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
91% Depression
90% Relationship Issues
79% Trauma and PTSD
79% Self Esteem
71% Grief
70% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% BlueCross and BlueShield
79% UCare
77% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in 55114 see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 55114?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.