Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

View neighborhoods in Saint Paul
Photo of Bea Natalie Vue-Benson, MA, MDiv, Marriage & Family Therapist
Bea Natalie Vue-Benson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MDiv
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Not accepting new clients
You are not alone. I am here for you wherever you are in your journey of life...struggling with depression, anxiety or past trauma...learning new skills...changing old behaviors...exploring your personal/cultural/racial/sexual identity...having relational problems...dealing with a serious physical illness...grieving losses...seeking the meaning/purpose of life...wondering if God exists at all. I invite you to experience a respectful, compassionate, and trusting therapeutic environment supporting your efforts to take responsibility for your life, face change, grow courage, and cultivate hope. You can do this. I am here for you.
You are not alone. I am here for you wherever you are in your journey of life...struggling with depression, anxiety or past trauma...learning new skills...changing old behaviors...exploring your personal/cultural/racial/sexual identity...having relational problems...dealing with a serious physical illness...grieving losses...seeking the meaning/purpose of life...wondering if God exists at all. I invite you to experience a respectful, compassionate, and trusting therapeutic environment supporting your efforts to take responsibility for your life, face change, grow courage, and cultivate hope. You can do this. I am here for you.
(651) 504-3381 View (651) 504-3381
Photo of Rosilynn Morris, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rosilynn Morris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55113
You've been searching for a therapist who genuinely gets it - someone who understands that your anxiety, depression, PTSD, struggles with self-esteem, emotional and behavioral disturbances all have roots in unresolved childhood trauma. You've been living in survival mode for so long, you could teach a masterclass. But beneath that survival instinct is a deep longing to heal. You’re ready to address how past abuse, neglect, and complex stress have shaped your self-view, your relationships, and your perceptions of the world.
You've been searching for a therapist who genuinely gets it - someone who understands that your anxiety, depression, PTSD, struggles with self-esteem, emotional and behavioral disturbances all have roots in unresolved childhood trauma. You've been living in survival mode for so long, you could teach a masterclass. But beneath that survival instinct is a deep longing to heal. You’re ready to address how past abuse, neglect, and complex stress have shaped your self-view, your relationships, and your perceptions of the world.
(612) 712-6594 View (612) 712-6594
Photo of Jessie Cylkowski, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessie Cylkowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55101
My practice has multiple providers taking new patients. We provide a space where you can express yourself without fear of judgment. The goal is to understand your experience and work to see things in a new light in order to bring a renewed sense of hope. Establishing a strong toolbox of coping skills along with raised awareness of what brought you into therapy can bring a stronger sense of empowerment for positive change. I believe everyone has the ability to navigate what life throws at us and make meaning from those challenges. "Difficult roads often lead to beautiful destinations. The best is yet to come.” ― Zig Ziglar
My practice has multiple providers taking new patients. We provide a space where you can express yourself without fear of judgment. The goal is to understand your experience and work to see things in a new light in order to bring a renewed sense of hope. Establishing a strong toolbox of coping skills along with raised awareness of what brought you into therapy can bring a stronger sense of empowerment for positive change. I believe everyone has the ability to navigate what life throws at us and make meaning from those challenges. "Difficult roads often lead to beautiful destinations. The best is yet to come.” ― Zig Ziglar
(651) 362-4061 View (651) 362-4061
Photo of Joseph Graves, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Joseph Graves
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I believe that the more we strive to change ourselves, the more stuck we can feel. My goal is to deeply understand your experience by cultivating a trusting, authentic relationship grounded in warmth, care, and curiosity. Through compassionate exploration of the challenges you face, a natural process of change and healing can emerge. I have experience working with people facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, life transitions, perfectionism, neurodiversity, trauma, and existential exploration.
I believe that the more we strive to change ourselves, the more stuck we can feel. My goal is to deeply understand your experience by cultivating a trusting, authentic relationship grounded in warmth, care, and curiosity. Through compassionate exploration of the challenges you face, a natural process of change and healing can emerge. I have experience working with people facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, life transitions, perfectionism, neurodiversity, trauma, and existential exploration.
(651) 661-2519 View (651) 661-2519
Photo of Shoua Lor, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shoua Lor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55108
Does life look good on paper but not feel that way on the inside? Perhaps you're tired of trying so hard to be happy. Your relationships don't feel as fulfilling as you wish they did. You have a sense that maybe your past experiences influence the way you feel today, and at times you start to lose hope that you can feel fulfilled in yourself and your life. It might be hard to remember a time when things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure – you’re ready for some relief and to regain a sense of confidence in yourself and engage meaningfully in relationships.
Does life look good on paper but not feel that way on the inside? Perhaps you're tired of trying so hard to be happy. Your relationships don't feel as fulfilling as you wish they did. You have a sense that maybe your past experiences influence the way you feel today, and at times you start to lose hope that you can feel fulfilled in yourself and your life. It might be hard to remember a time when things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure – you’re ready for some relief and to regain a sense of confidence in yourself and engage meaningfully in relationships.
(651) 374-9184 View (651) 374-9184
Photo of Scott Brownlee, LPCC, LADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Scott Brownlee
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Have you been wondering if you need to make a change to your drinking or substance use, but don’t feel like AA or rehab is a good fit? Have you been searching for alternatives, but keep running into programs that all sound the same? If so, I offer a fresh perspective on how to make lasting changes in these areas.
Have you been wondering if you need to make a change to your drinking or substance use, but don’t feel like AA or rehab is a good fit? Have you been searching for alternatives, but keep running into programs that all sound the same? If so, I offer a fresh perspective on how to make lasting changes in these areas.
(651) 505-8259 View (651) 505-8259
Photo of Angelina Rudningen, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angelina Rudningen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55106  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Angie Rudningen. I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I approach therapy in a very client-centered way. I meet my clients where they are at and focus on their strengths to help them achieve their goals. I definitely do not tie myself to any one approach to therapy. Instead, I will blend elements from different approaches and tailor my treatment according to my client's needs.
Hi, my name is Angie Rudningen. I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I approach therapy in a very client-centered way. I meet my clients where they are at and focus on their strengths to help them achieve their goals. I definitely do not tie myself to any one approach to therapy. Instead, I will blend elements from different approaches and tailor my treatment according to my client's needs.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Tobin Shelton, LICSW, LCSW, MPH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tobin Shelton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, MPH
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I am a bilingual psychotherapist for individuals and couples who have a range of life experiences and concerns. I work primarily face-to-face in St. Paul and offer phone or video sessions for people living in California and Minnesota. My approach to therapy emphasizes trust and awareness in the process of healing. I believe that therapy can be fun, challenging, and rewarding. I will honor your lived experiences, laugh with you, and support your growth.
I am a bilingual psychotherapist for individuals and couples who have a range of life experiences and concerns. I work primarily face-to-face in St. Paul and offer phone or video sessions for people living in California and Minnesota. My approach to therapy emphasizes trust and awareness in the process of healing. I believe that therapy can be fun, challenging, and rewarding. I will honor your lived experiences, laugh with you, and support your growth.
(651) 661-5778 View (651) 661-5778
Photo of Lacrestia Anderson, MA, LADC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lacrestia Anderson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104  (Online Only)
This is officially your sign to start therapy today! Therapy can sound and feel scary, but it is a place to be safe and work through life's struggles. I'm an old soul with a down to earth personality that is rooted in Southern Georgia. I bring a southern hospitality twist to my 9 years of evidenced based clinical work! You see, it takes a village to get through life and all it's challenges, you can't do it alone! Come hang out with me and see what you can accomplish!
This is officially your sign to start therapy today! Therapy can sound and feel scary, but it is a place to be safe and work through life's struggles. I'm an old soul with a down to earth personality that is rooted in Southern Georgia. I bring a southern hospitality twist to my 9 years of evidenced based clinical work! You see, it takes a village to get through life and all it's challenges, you can't do it alone! Come hang out with me and see what you can accomplish!
(651) 565-9683 View (651) 565-9683
Photo of Ann E Boekhoff, MA, LP, LMFT, Psychologist
Ann E Boekhoff
Psychologist, MA, LP, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55105
I have been practicing as a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Licensed Psychologist for over thirty years. I understand that therapy can seem mysterious and intimidating. I also know that life is filled with challenges and that relationships are very demanding and difficult to navigate. Psychotherapy can be one way of addressing whatever unique distress you may be experiencing. Together we will work to clear away the limitations of thinking and experience that are holding you back from your own wholeness- your own sense of being fully alive and engaged in your life.
I have been practicing as a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Licensed Psychologist for over thirty years. I understand that therapy can seem mysterious and intimidating. I also know that life is filled with challenges and that relationships are very demanding and difficult to navigate. Psychotherapy can be one way of addressing whatever unique distress you may be experiencing. Together we will work to clear away the limitations of thinking and experience that are holding you back from your own wholeness- your own sense of being fully alive and engaged in your life.
(651) 560-3591 View (651) 560-3591
Photo of Sarah Kane, MA, LPCC
Sarah Kane
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
My goal is to provide a safe, comfortable and non-judgmental environment. A space that allows people to heal, grow and make positive change. I strongly believe in the healing power of therapy. I work with you to help identify the barriers that are getting in the way and provide the tools to overcome them.
My goal is to provide a safe, comfortable and non-judgmental environment. A space that allows people to heal, grow and make positive change. I strongly believe in the healing power of therapy. I work with you to help identify the barriers that are getting in the way and provide the tools to overcome them.
(612) 887-3350 x737 View (612) 887-3350 x737
Photo of Jennifer Nguyen, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jennifer Nguyen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104  (Online Only)
I hold that every person is worthy of a safe, unbiased, and productive opportunity to process their experiences. In a world that is increasingly unpredictable and overwhelming, we all carry experiences that challenge our sense of control, disrupt our connections with others, and distance us from ourselves. I came into therapy wanting to serve marginalized communities. Especially, people of color within the GLBTQIA community, partnerships and families of all forms, 1st/2nd generation of immigrants, and the relationship between spirituality and queerness.
I hold that every person is worthy of a safe, unbiased, and productive opportunity to process their experiences. In a world that is increasingly unpredictable and overwhelming, we all carry experiences that challenge our sense of control, disrupt our connections with others, and distance us from ourselves. I came into therapy wanting to serve marginalized communities. Especially, people of color within the GLBTQIA community, partnerships and families of all forms, 1st/2nd generation of immigrants, and the relationship between spirituality and queerness.
(651) 565-6704 x503 View (651) 565-6704 x503
Photo of Davis Maxwell Shryer III, MA, LPCC, LADC, Counselor
Davis Maxwell Shryer III
Counselor, MA, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55101
Thank you for taking the time to read this. Doing so indicates you are exploring a need to make changes in your life. Every client has a story that needs to be told in a safe environment. My job is to help you find simpler ways to cope with problems and to lead a more satisfying life. Typically, I work with clients who may have issues with addiction, family member's with addiction, or anxiety and depression.
Thank you for taking the time to read this. Doing so indicates you are exploring a need to make changes in your life. Every client has a story that needs to be told in a safe environment. My job is to help you find simpler ways to cope with problems and to lead a more satisfying life. Typically, I work with clients who may have issues with addiction, family member's with addiction, or anxiety and depression.
(651) 504-8633 View (651) 504-8633
Photo of Colleen Davern, LPCC
Colleen Davern
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55106  (Online Only)
My name is Colleen Davern and I am a licensed therapist in Minnesota. I am licensed for clinical mental health and addiction services. I work with my clients to increase their own self-reflection and awareness to aid them in personal growth. I work from a framework of reality therapy and person centered approaches. I use strength based, CBT, REBT and motivational interviewing techniques with my clients.
My name is Colleen Davern and I am a licensed therapist in Minnesota. I am licensed for clinical mental health and addiction services. I work with my clients to increase their own self-reflection and awareness to aid them in personal growth. I work from a framework of reality therapy and person centered approaches. I use strength based, CBT, REBT and motivational interviewing techniques with my clients.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Erin R. Hunter, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Erin R. Hunter
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55117  (Online Only)
Erin has a passion for working with all humans; inclusivity and diversity are important cornerstones of her work. She welcomes the opportunity to create connections and offer ways of working through whatever challenges are presented. Understanding each of her client’s unique stories and allowing a safe space for individual/familial reflection and growth is at the core of her work. Encouraging clients to find and cultivate their strengths and understand their emotional connections and relationships under a systemic lens is an important part of the therapeutic journey, in which Erin is committed to provide.
Erin has a passion for working with all humans; inclusivity and diversity are important cornerstones of her work. She welcomes the opportunity to create connections and offer ways of working through whatever challenges are presented. Understanding each of her client’s unique stories and allowing a safe space for individual/familial reflection and growth is at the core of her work. Encouraging clients to find and cultivate their strengths and understand their emotional connections and relationships under a systemic lens is an important part of the therapeutic journey, in which Erin is committed to provide.
(651) 374-9533 View (651) 374-9533
Photo of Elena Fosness, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elena Fosness
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55106
My name is Elena Fosness and i am Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) in Minnesota. I work with teenagers and adults and specialize in depression, traumatic experiences and anxiety. I see my approach to therapy as a good fit working with teens and adults that experience challenging life transitions and difficult times managing their mental health symptoms. This often comes in the form of depression, anxiety, stress and trauma experience. I work to help my clients in navigating through difficult life periods and learning skills that help them to feel better about themselves and the world around.
My name is Elena Fosness and i am Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) in Minnesota. I work with teenagers and adults and specialize in depression, traumatic experiences and anxiety. I see my approach to therapy as a good fit working with teens and adults that experience challenging life transitions and difficult times managing their mental health symptoms. This often comes in the form of depression, anxiety, stress and trauma experience. I work to help my clients in navigating through difficult life periods and learning skills that help them to feel better about themselves and the world around.
(651) 372-1628 View (651) 372-1628
Photo of Margaret Evers, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Margaret Evers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55106
Hi! I am Maggie Evers, a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) serving both Minnesota and Wisconsin residents, here to help navigate life's twists and turns. Think of me as your co-pilot on this journey offering a safe and judgment-free space where you can unpack your thoughts and feelings. I specialize in cutting through the jargon and getting to the heart of what's on your mind. Life can be messy, and I'm here to help you sort through it. My approach is real, grounded, and collaborative—we're in this together.
Hi! I am Maggie Evers, a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) serving both Minnesota and Wisconsin residents, here to help navigate life's twists and turns. Think of me as your co-pilot on this journey offering a safe and judgment-free space where you can unpack your thoughts and feelings. I specialize in cutting through the jargon and getting to the heart of what's on your mind. Life can be messy, and I'm here to help you sort through it. My approach is real, grounded, and collaborative—we're in this together.
(651) 376-2533 View (651) 376-2533
Photo of Allisen DeVille, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Allisen DeVille
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55106
Allisen Deville, LCSW Florida, and LICSW in Minnesota I believe that every client deserves a therapist who genuinely cares about their well-being, and I do. I have a client-centered approach and understand that we all have different life journeys. I would feel honored to be a part of your journey and work alongside you.
Allisen Deville, LCSW Florida, and LICSW in Minnesota I believe that every client deserves a therapist who genuinely cares about their well-being, and I do. I have a client-centered approach and understand that we all have different life journeys. I would feel honored to be a part of your journey and work alongside you.
(651) 217-3939 View (651) 217-3939
Photo of Paige Lee, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paige Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
I believe we all have had difficult experiences in our lives. These experiences can cause pain and suffering. Challenging experiences are something that we all share. I believe we can heal from these experiences and grow from them, becoming more of who we truly are and want to be. I intend to provide a compassionate, trusting environment to promote healing for all who work with me. I believe that in life, we all experience pain emotionally and physically. Healing is a skill I help you develop, and with practice, you will find relief from your pain, experience successful coping in daily life, and appreciate and enjoy your life.
I believe we all have had difficult experiences in our lives. These experiences can cause pain and suffering. Challenging experiences are something that we all share. I believe we can heal from these experiences and grow from them, becoming more of who we truly are and want to be. I intend to provide a compassionate, trusting environment to promote healing for all who work with me. I believe that in life, we all experience pain emotionally and physically. Healing is a skill I help you develop, and with practice, you will find relief from your pain, experience successful coping in daily life, and appreciate and enjoy your life.
(651) 240-6796 View (651) 240-6796
Photo of Vicenta del Carmen Valero, MA, LPCC, LADC, Counselor
Vicenta del Carmen Valero
Counselor, MA, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Trabajo con adultos de color y personas GLBTQ que buscan ayuda con identidad étnica/racial, trauma racial, trauma sexual or fisico, y salud química. El racismo, la opresión, el género, la sexualidad, el envejecimiento, la clase social, y la pobreza pueden afectar nuestro bienestar y salud fisica y mental o nos causan el desarrollar creencias de quien somos que nos impiden vivir nuestra mejor vida. Aprovechando de su conocimientos y sabiduría interna, le proporciono un espacio seguro donde el enfoque de nuestros esfuerzos se centra en la recuperación emocional y el alcanzar paz en su vida.
Trabajo con adultos de color y personas GLBTQ que buscan ayuda con identidad étnica/racial, trauma racial, trauma sexual or fisico, y salud química. El racismo, la opresión, el género, la sexualidad, el envejecimiento, la clase social, y la pobreza pueden afectar nuestro bienestar y salud fisica y mental o nos causan el desarrollar creencias de quien somos que nos impiden vivir nuestra mejor vida. Aprovechando de su conocimientos y sabiduría interna, le proporciono un espacio seguro donde el enfoque de nuestros esfuerzos se centra en la recuperación emocional y el alcanzar paz en su vida.
(763) 325-1612 View (763) 325-1612
1
...

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
74% Self Esteem
67% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Aetna
69% UCare

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.