Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

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Photo of Martha Lavin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Martha Lavin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
Greetings! I offer Telehealth sessions and am part of a small practice that is community oriented and dedicated to helping folks using a holistic and decolonized lens. I grew up in the Midwest and continually strive to broaden my perspective and worldviews. My experiences inform my clinical approach which is empathic, person centered and collaborative when partnering with folks on their healing journeys - wherever they may be on that continuum. I typically use a blend of cognitive therapy techniques and somatic based practices. My goal is to help clients live full and meaningful lives that aligns with their values.
Greetings! I offer Telehealth sessions and am part of a small practice that is community oriented and dedicated to helping folks using a holistic and decolonized lens. I grew up in the Midwest and continually strive to broaden my perspective and worldviews. My experiences inform my clinical approach which is empathic, person centered and collaborative when partnering with folks on their healing journeys - wherever they may be on that continuum. I typically use a blend of cognitive therapy techniques and somatic based practices. My goal is to help clients live full and meaningful lives that aligns with their values.
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Photo of Brittanie Omodt, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LMHC
Brittanie Omodt
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55101
Are you a burnt out parent? Overworked? Feeling especially angry? Crying more frequently? Yelling at the dog? Disinterested in fun activities? A cynic? Uncomfy with being vulnerable? Unable to identify emotions or feel them? Known to ruin relationships before they ruin you? ...enter, Brittanie! I offer virtual therapy sessions in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Florida during the week, usually with the added company of my cat.
Are you a burnt out parent? Overworked? Feeling especially angry? Crying more frequently? Yelling at the dog? Disinterested in fun activities? A cynic? Uncomfy with being vulnerable? Unable to identify emotions or feel them? Known to ruin relationships before they ruin you? ...enter, Brittanie! I offer virtual therapy sessions in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Florida during the week, usually with the added company of my cat.
(651) 650-4087 View (651) 650-4087
Photo of Simon Benarroch, Pre-Licensed Professional
Simon Benarroch
Pre-Licensed Professional
Saint Paul, MN 55118
People who have experienced specific traumas work well with me, as do those who have struggled for a long time with hard-to-define, deep-seated patterns of thinking, feeling and relating. As a therapist I have some annoying tendencies. I think everything you say and do is meaningful (especially when you deny it), I always suspect you are caught up in some feeling or other about me, and I often answer questions with questions. If you can put up with it, you’ll gain a compassionate listener and ally. You’ll also quickly get a sense of the freedom and peace that can be achieved through the type of therapy I practice - psychoanalysis.
People who have experienced specific traumas work well with me, as do those who have struggled for a long time with hard-to-define, deep-seated patterns of thinking, feeling and relating. As a therapist I have some annoying tendencies. I think everything you say and do is meaningful (especially when you deny it), I always suspect you are caught up in some feeling or other about me, and I often answer questions with questions. If you can put up with it, you’ll gain a compassionate listener and ally. You’ll also quickly get a sense of the freedom and peace that can be achieved through the type of therapy I practice - psychoanalysis.
(651) 867-3165 View (651) 867-3165
Photo of Brianna Oliver, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, P-LGSW
Brianna Oliver
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, P-LGSW
Online Only
With the clients I work with, their goals often include processing past trauma in a safe, trauma-informed way, building confidence and autonomy, exploring and affirming their identity, improving relationships, and finding ways to express themselves authentically in the world. They come to therapy because they want to feel empowered, understood, and supported in living life on their own terms, while being fully accepted for who they are. My ideal client is ready to engage in therapy that honors their whole self, including their body, identity, neurodivergence, and lived experiences, while actively working toward change and growth.
With the clients I work with, their goals often include processing past trauma in a safe, trauma-informed way, building confidence and autonomy, exploring and affirming their identity, improving relationships, and finding ways to express themselves authentically in the world. They come to therapy because they want to feel empowered, understood, and supported in living life on their own terms, while being fully accepted for who they are. My ideal client is ready to engage in therapy that honors their whole self, including their body, identity, neurodivergence, and lived experiences, while actively working toward change and growth.
(320) 525-3471 View (320) 525-3471
Photo of Kelsey Bermeo Fittante, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kelsey Bermeo Fittante
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Saint Paul, MN 55107
I work a lot with individuals and couples suffering from a variety of difficulties and emotional stress. Through various therapeutic models, we dive deep into the cause of these difficulties to target strong emotional, holistic healing. A lot of times, we focus on generational trauma, early childhood experiences, and patterns in relationship.
I work a lot with individuals and couples suffering from a variety of difficulties and emotional stress. Through various therapeutic models, we dive deep into the cause of these difficulties to target strong emotional, holistic healing. A lot of times, we focus on generational trauma, early childhood experiences, and patterns in relationship.
(763) 309-9478 View (763) 309-9478
Photo of Monica Austerlitz, Counselor, MA, LPCC
Monica Austerlitz
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Online Only
With a spirit of respect and solidarity, I will join you in exploring what ails. As a senior myself, I specialize in working with adults and elders to create a space of trust and respect My non-judgmental, insight-oriented approach supports those navigating anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, abuse, and relationship conflict. Let's work together to make sense of things, build self-knowledge, and create lasting change. I have a keen awareness of diversity and multiculturalism and am gifted in establishing an atmosphere of trust and comfort.
With a spirit of respect and solidarity, I will join you in exploring what ails. As a senior myself, I specialize in working with adults and elders to create a space of trust and respect My non-judgmental, insight-oriented approach supports those navigating anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, abuse, and relationship conflict. Let's work together to make sense of things, build self-knowledge, and create lasting change. I have a keen awareness of diversity and multiculturalism and am gifted in establishing an atmosphere of trust and comfort.
(651) 321-5574 View (651) 321-5574
Photo of Hans Erickson, Counselor, MSEd, LPCC
Hans Erickson
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC
Online Only
Are you tired of old patterns, navigating trauma, or simply feeling stuck? I offer an adaptive and integrative approach to therapy that meets you where you are and helps you move toward meaningful change. I understand that change is not easy and that taking the steps to face the problems in your life requires courage and support. To that end, I have multiple ways I can work with you to ensure that you get the change you need, including extensive skills-based approaches, training in deep trauma work, and modalities focused on exploring and re-storying the past.
Are you tired of old patterns, navigating trauma, or simply feeling stuck? I offer an adaptive and integrative approach to therapy that meets you where you are and helps you move toward meaningful change. I understand that change is not easy and that taking the steps to face the problems in your life requires courage and support. To that end, I have multiple ways I can work with you to ensure that you get the change you need, including extensive skills-based approaches, training in deep trauma work, and modalities focused on exploring and re-storying the past.
(651) 650-2065 View (651) 650-2065
Photo of Becky Lawyer, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC-MN, LPC-WI
Becky Lawyer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC-MN, LPC-WI
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I am passionate about working with clients ages 16+. Walking along side my clients to help them determine their values and what they truly want out of life while overcoming the barriers that have prevented them from reaching these goals. Whether this may be depression, anxiety, executive dysfunction, identity questions, past traumas, perfectionist tendencies, academic concerns or other barriers. I also have a passion for working with adolescents and adults as they learn how to navigate life again following the loss of a loved one in their life. .
I am passionate about working with clients ages 16+. Walking along side my clients to help them determine their values and what they truly want out of life while overcoming the barriers that have prevented them from reaching these goals. Whether this may be depression, anxiety, executive dysfunction, identity questions, past traumas, perfectionist tendencies, academic concerns or other barriers. I also have a passion for working with adolescents and adults as they learn how to navigate life again following the loss of a loved one in their life. .
(651) 381-5820 View (651) 381-5820
Photo of Mary Kay Elizabeth Voight-Moller, Psychologist, MS, MN-LP
Mary Kay Elizabeth Voight-Moller
Psychologist, MS, MN-LP
Saint Paul, MN 55102
My office is a warm and comforting place for you to tell your story, deal with life's stressors, treat depression and anxiety, work on healthy relationships, or heal old wounds. I provide a more holistic perspective in my appraoch to therapy, looking at the total needs you might have to best help you to heal and grow. It is very important to me that you feel heard and well cared for in your therapy process. We will work together to help you to make changes and to feel stronger.
My office is a warm and comforting place for you to tell your story, deal with life's stressors, treat depression and anxiety, work on healthy relationships, or heal old wounds. I provide a more holistic perspective in my appraoch to therapy, looking at the total needs you might have to best help you to heal and grow. It is very important to me that you feel heard and well cared for in your therapy process. We will work together to help you to make changes and to feel stronger.
(651) 760-0673 View (651) 760-0673
Photo of Genevieve Pelrine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Genevieve Pelrine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Saint Paul, MN 55104
My work is rooted in a systemic, feminist, and person-centered lens, which means I see you not just as an individual, but as someone shaped by their relationships, environments, and larger systems. I specialize in supporting youth and young adults navigating grief, trauma, life transitions, identity, and the impacts of systemic and relational stressors.
My work is rooted in a systemic, feminist, and person-centered lens, which means I see you not just as an individual, but as someone shaped by their relationships, environments, and larger systems. I specialize in supporting youth and young adults navigating grief, trauma, life transitions, identity, and the impacts of systemic and relational stressors.
(651) 321-9189 View (651) 321-9189
Photo of Britni A. Kelley, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Britni A. Kelley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Couples & Individuals: Whether you're struggling with ongoing anxiety, communication issues, or the impact of past trauma, I prioritize you and/or your relationship and foster healing together. Many struggle to navigate patterns of behavior that are deeply rooted in past experiences, leading to tension or disconnection. My goal is to help improve communication, break free from unhelpful patterns, and gain a deeper understanding of oneself & each other, ultimately strengthening bonds and creating a healthier relationship. I bring a relational and compassionate approach to my work, with a focus on trauma-informed interventions.
Couples & Individuals: Whether you're struggling with ongoing anxiety, communication issues, or the impact of past trauma, I prioritize you and/or your relationship and foster healing together. Many struggle to navigate patterns of behavior that are deeply rooted in past experiences, leading to tension or disconnection. My goal is to help improve communication, break free from unhelpful patterns, and gain a deeper understanding of oneself & each other, ultimately strengthening bonds and creating a healthier relationship. I bring a relational and compassionate approach to my work, with a focus on trauma-informed interventions.
(612) 324-3142 View (612) 324-3142
Photo of Robert J Mccauley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CST
Robert J Mccauley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CST
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Looking for a sex therapist or LGBTQ+-affirming therapist who truly understands queer, polyamorous, and kink communities? I have been working as a psychotherapist since 2016, and I like helping people better manage living out their own sense of a valued life in a world that often doesn't make that easy. As a Certified Sex Therapist (CST) and LICSW serving Saint Paul and Minneapolis, I specialize in working with sexual, romantic, and gender minorities—including queer, poly, kinky, and non-monogamous individuals and couples.
Looking for a sex therapist or LGBTQ+-affirming therapist who truly understands queer, polyamorous, and kink communities? I have been working as a psychotherapist since 2016, and I like helping people better manage living out their own sense of a valued life in a world that often doesn't make that easy. As a Certified Sex Therapist (CST) and LICSW serving Saint Paul and Minneapolis, I specialize in working with sexual, romantic, and gender minorities—including queer, poly, kinky, and non-monogamous individuals and couples.
(612) 208-7294 View (612) 208-7294
Photo of Nicole M Landucci, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Nicole M Landucci
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Online Only
Welcome - I’m so glad you’re here! This is your space to reset, gain clarity, and feel heard! Currently accepts Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota and provides virtual counseling for adults, college students, and parents across Minnesota, including Duluth, Minneapolis, St. Paul, and surrounding communities. I specialize in anxiety, burnout, stress, overthinking, relationship challenges, life transitions, and women’s mental health using a warm, supportive, and practical approach. With evening and weekend telehealth appointments available, I aim to make therapy feel approachable, manageable, and realistic for everyday life.
Welcome - I’m so glad you’re here! This is your space to reset, gain clarity, and feel heard! Currently accepts Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota and provides virtual counseling for adults, college students, and parents across Minnesota, including Duluth, Minneapolis, St. Paul, and surrounding communities. I specialize in anxiety, burnout, stress, overthinking, relationship challenges, life transitions, and women’s mental health using a warm, supportive, and practical approach. With evening and weekend telehealth appointments available, I aim to make therapy feel approachable, manageable, and realistic for everyday life.
(651) 615-6593 View (651) 615-6593
Photo of Bea Natalie Vue-Benson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MDiv
Bea Natalie Vue-Benson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MDiv
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Waitlist for new clients
You are not alone. I am here for you wherever you are in your journey of life...struggling with depression, anxiety or past trauma...learning new skills...changing old behaviors...exploring your personal/cultural/racial/sexual identity...having relational problems...dealing with a serious physical illness...grieving losses...seeking the meaning/purpose of life...wondering if God exists at all. I invite you to experience a respectful, compassionate, and trusting therapeutic environment supporting your efforts to take responsibility for your life, face change, grow courage, and cultivate hope. You can do this. I am here for you.
You are not alone. I am here for you wherever you are in your journey of life...struggling with depression, anxiety or past trauma...learning new skills...changing old behaviors...exploring your personal/cultural/racial/sexual identity...having relational problems...dealing with a serious physical illness...grieving losses...seeking the meaning/purpose of life...wondering if God exists at all. I invite you to experience a respectful, compassionate, and trusting therapeutic environment supporting your efforts to take responsibility for your life, face change, grow courage, and cultivate hope. You can do this. I am here for you.
(651) 504-3381 View (651) 504-3381
Photo of Ngon Ndifongwa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Ngon Ndifongwa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
I'm passionate about supporting individuals who are going through a life changing experience. We will work together to uncover the anxiety or depression that you may be struggling with. I help my clients achieve their goals and provide a safe and non-judgmental space for them to explore their thoughts and feelings. I believe you can overcome any obstacle.
I'm passionate about supporting individuals who are going through a life changing experience. We will work together to uncover the anxiety or depression that you may be struggling with. I help my clients achieve their goals and provide a safe and non-judgmental space for them to explore their thoughts and feelings. I believe you can overcome any obstacle.
(651) 413-7993 View (651) 413-7993
Photo of Alexandra Hermann, Pre-Licensed Professional
Alexandra Hermann
Pre-Licensed Professional
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Grounded in my lived experience as a biracial woman with Latina roots, I bring empathy, curiosity, and cultural awareness into my work. I’m passionate about understanding how culture shapes identity, relationships, and healing, and I strive to create an inclusive space where your story is met with care and understanding. Being a single mother is a core part of who I am and deeply informs my approach as a clinician. Parenthood has strengthened my commitment to supporting individuals and families through peripartum and postpartum experiences, as well as the challenges of caring for yourself while caring for others.
Grounded in my lived experience as a biracial woman with Latina roots, I bring empathy, curiosity, and cultural awareness into my work. I’m passionate about understanding how culture shapes identity, relationships, and healing, and I strive to create an inclusive space where your story is met with care and understanding. Being a single mother is a core part of who I am and deeply informs my approach as a clinician. Parenthood has strengthened my commitment to supporting individuals and families through peripartum and postpartum experiences, as well as the challenges of caring for yourself while caring for others.
(651) 758-1970 View (651) 758-1970
Photo of Amy Lokensgard, Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Amy Lokensgard
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Finding a therapist with whom you feel safe and comfortable is essential for a successful outcome. Clients have told me that I am easy to connect with and tend to put people at ease quickly. Creating a warm, respectful and non-judgmental atmosphere is my first priority. I also feel that laughter/humor can be very therapeutic when appropriate!
Finding a therapist with whom you feel safe and comfortable is essential for a successful outcome. Clients have told me that I am easy to connect with and tend to put people at ease quickly. Creating a warm, respectful and non-judgmental atmosphere is my first priority. I also feel that laughter/humor can be very therapeutic when appropriate!
(651) 504-1741 View (651) 504-1741
Photo of Bex Wilde, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Bex Wilde
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Online Only
I view life as story and the process of therapy as understanding and rewriting our stories. We all possess what we need to break patterns that are no longer serving us and sometimes we need a little help along the way. It can be difficult to create our own unique stories in a world that is constantly telling us who we should or shouldn’t be. My goal is to help you discover what is and is not working for you in your current story and support the cultivation of new possibilities alongside you to help you live as your most wild, healed, and authentic self. I take a gentle, compassionate, and collaborative approach to therapy.
I view life as story and the process of therapy as understanding and rewriting our stories. We all possess what we need to break patterns that are no longer serving us and sometimes we need a little help along the way. It can be difficult to create our own unique stories in a world that is constantly telling us who we should or shouldn’t be. My goal is to help you discover what is and is not working for you in your current story and support the cultivation of new possibilities alongside you to help you live as your most wild, healed, and authentic self. I take a gentle, compassionate, and collaborative approach to therapy.
(651) 867-2704 View (651) 867-2704
Photo of Daniel Conybeare, Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Daniel Conybeare
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Saint Paul, MN 55116
- - Current in-person availability in Highland Park, Saint Paul - - I'm a Licensed Psychologist and Board Certified in Clinical Psychology. I specialize in flexible and compassionate evidence-based therapy and assessment, and I’m here to help whether your concerns are run-of-the-mill or downright severe. I’ve got expertise in trauma, insomnia, depression, anxiety, substance use, anger, relationship problems, older adults, and more. I offer a variety of services including gold-standard treatment for PTSD that can help you take your life back from trauma. I also offer first-line treatment for insomnia that can improve your sleep.
- - Current in-person availability in Highland Park, Saint Paul - - I'm a Licensed Psychologist and Board Certified in Clinical Psychology. I specialize in flexible and compassionate evidence-based therapy and assessment, and I’m here to help whether your concerns are run-of-the-mill or downright severe. I’ve got expertise in trauma, insomnia, depression, anxiety, substance use, anger, relationship problems, older adults, and more. I offer a variety of services including gold-standard treatment for PTSD that can help you take your life back from trauma. I also offer first-line treatment for insomnia that can improve your sleep.
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Photo of Nicole Wiley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Nicole Wiley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am Nicole Wiley, Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker & Clinical Counselor With 18 years of experience and I specialize in supporting individuals as they navigate life's challenges and transitions. Whether you're facing depression, anxiety, PTSD, relationship concerns, career struggles, or the effects of trauma, I provide a safe and compassionate space where we can work together to foster healing and personal growth. My approach is warm, respectful, and interactive, combining cognitive-behavioral techniques, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness practices.
I am Nicole Wiley, Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker & Clinical Counselor With 18 years of experience and I specialize in supporting individuals as they navigate life's challenges and transitions. Whether you're facing depression, anxiety, PTSD, relationship concerns, career struggles, or the effects of trauma, I provide a safe and compassionate space where we can work together to foster healing and personal growth. My approach is warm, respectful, and interactive, combining cognitive-behavioral techniques, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness practices.
(651) 615-3497 View (651) 615-3497

See more therapy options for Saint Paul

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
93% Social Anxiety
93% Health Anxiety
93% Driving Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
78% Aetna
69% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
19% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.