Counselling in Dublin 14, Dublin

Photo of Diane Clabby, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Diane Clabby
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
As a fully Accredited member of the Irish Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (IACP), I provide both short term and long term counselling in a confidential and safe environment. I practice in an integrative way, combining various theoretical approaches that aid in my ability to support you in whatever problems you may bring to therapy such as anxiety, depression, bereavement, self-esteem issues, anger issues and relationship problems.
As a fully Accredited member of the Irish Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (IACP), I provide both short term and long term counselling in a confidential and safe environment. I practice in an integrative way, combining various theoretical approaches that aid in my ability to support you in whatever problems you may bring to therapy such as anxiety, depression, bereavement, self-esteem issues, anger issues and relationship problems.
(01) 267 6527 x17 View (01) 267 6527 x17
Photo of Graham Matthews, MSc, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Graham Matthews
Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
When something in your life is not how you'd like it to be, or when you're looking for help and support for something that you're going through; perhaps a life event, a particular concern or maybe problems with relationships, at home, in school or at work. Maybe you are experiencing feelings of anxiety, frustration, fear, sadness or other emotions. Stress can be a part of this. Counselling can help you to better understand what might be going on for you, and to find ways to effectively manage feelings, thoughts or worries. My experience is that clients come to counselling because they want something in their life to be different.
When something in your life is not how you'd like it to be, or when you're looking for help and support for something that you're going through; perhaps a life event, a particular concern or maybe problems with relationships, at home, in school or at work. Maybe you are experiencing feelings of anxiety, frustration, fear, sadness or other emotions. Stress can be a part of this. Counselling can help you to better understand what might be going on for you, and to find ways to effectively manage feelings, thoughts or worries. My experience is that clients come to counselling because they want something in their life to be different.
(01) 267 6674 View (01) 267 6674
Photo of Eimear Deighton, MSc, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Eimear Deighton
Psychotherapist, MSc, MIACP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14  (Online Only)
Working from a person-centred, integrative, and humanistic perspective I place each client at the heart of the therapeutic process. Working collaboratively, I consider the needs and personality of each client in terms of my approach. I prioritise relational depth and listening as part of my practice. I am also Enneagram informed. Central to this approach is the importance of the human-to-human encounter allowing for a safe container to explore sometimes difficult and painful emotions and feelings.
Working from a person-centred, integrative, and humanistic perspective I place each client at the heart of the therapeutic process. Working collaboratively, I consider the needs and personality of each client in terms of my approach. I prioritise relational depth and listening as part of my practice. I am also Enneagram informed. Central to this approach is the importance of the human-to-human encounter allowing for a safe container to explore sometimes difficult and painful emotions and feelings.
(01) 267 6603 x48 View (01) 267 6603 x48
Photo of Denise Ann Brett, MSc, ICP, Psychotherapist
Denise Ann Brett
Psychotherapist, MSc, ICP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
Everyone is unique and my belief is that every problem has more than one solution. I am committed to life-long learning and so far I have trained in psychology, psychoanalysis, psychotherapy and hypnotherapy. I have worked in many industries and I am still learning. Life is about finding your passion, let me help you find yours.
Everyone is unique and my belief is that every problem has more than one solution. I am committed to life-long learning and so far I have trained in psychology, psychoanalysis, psychotherapy and hypnotherapy. I have worked in many industries and I am still learning. Life is about finding your passion, let me help you find yours.
086 609 8512 View 086 609 8512
Photo of Deirdre Culbert, MA, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Deirdre Culbert
Psychotherapist, MA, MIACP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
Therapy allows an individual to explore their current situation, their relationship to their self, to others, the environment and the social context within which they experience life. It creates a space to explore experiences and associated emotions which often influence choices and behaviours. Change comes about through processing emotions, behaviours and experiences which in turn can strengthen an individuals inner sense of direction, self-esteem and self-resilience. It can provide clarity and insight which enables an individual to see the world from a different perspective, creating the opportunity to find a new way forward.
Therapy allows an individual to explore their current situation, their relationship to their self, to others, the environment and the social context within which they experience life. It creates a space to explore experiences and associated emotions which often influence choices and behaviours. Change comes about through processing emotions, behaviours and experiences which in turn can strengthen an individuals inner sense of direction, self-esteem and self-resilience. It can provide clarity and insight which enables an individual to see the world from a different perspective, creating the opportunity to find a new way forward.
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Photo of Ciara McKeown - Unfurl Art Therapy, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Unfurl Art Therapy
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
Hello, my name is Ciara McKeown, Art Therapist and owner of Unfurl Art Therapy. I am a fully qualified therapist with an MSc in Creative Arts Psychotherapy and BA (Hons) in Integrative Counselling and Art Therapy. Clients come to me who are grieving, feeling depressed, anxious, or don't know what they feel but know something isn't right. I also work with clients entangled in toxic relationships, particularly Narcissistic Abuse. Often these clients feel stuck. We work together to get them unstuck!
Hello, my name is Ciara McKeown, Art Therapist and owner of Unfurl Art Therapy. I am a fully qualified therapist with an MSc in Creative Arts Psychotherapy and BA (Hons) in Integrative Counselling and Art Therapy. Clients come to me who are grieving, feeling depressed, anxious, or don't know what they feel but know something isn't right. I also work with clients entangled in toxic relationships, particularly Narcissistic Abuse. Often these clients feel stuck. We work together to get them unstuck!
(01) 267 6675 x76 View (01) 267 6675 x76
Photo of Emma Burns, MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP, Psychotherapist
Emma Burns
Psychotherapist, MSc, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
If you are experiencing a sense of hopelessness or despair, I urge you to reach out. I have had the privilege of witnessing many clients overcome their suffering and restore a sense of identity and purpose in their lives. Asking for help can feel hard, however it can also unburden you of the weight of going it alone, or trying to be strong for too long. I have worked with clients across a wide range of presentations, from self-harm and suicidal ideation, to anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and neurodiversity. I can work with you to restore your wellbeing through an integrative, person-centred approach.
If you are experiencing a sense of hopelessness or despair, I urge you to reach out. I have had the privilege of witnessing many clients overcome their suffering and restore a sense of identity and purpose in their lives. Asking for help can feel hard, however it can also unburden you of the weight of going it alone, or trying to be strong for too long. I have worked with clients across a wide range of presentations, from self-harm and suicidal ideation, to anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and neurodiversity. I can work with you to restore your wellbeing through an integrative, person-centred approach.
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David Gogan
Psychologist, CPsychol PSI
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
People can experience difficulties or challenges at any point in their lives, such as anxiety, low mood and trauma. At other times, life events like bereavement, the ending of a relationship or unexpected illness can make people feel upset, distressed and confused. The help and support of a clinical psychologist can help ease these painful feelings and work towards adjustment and an improved sense of well-being. If the source of the difficulties are not obvious at first, a psychological assessment can also be helpful.
People can experience difficulties or challenges at any point in their lives, such as anxiety, low mood and trauma. At other times, life events like bereavement, the ending of a relationship or unexpected illness can make people feel upset, distressed and confused. The help and support of a clinical psychologist can help ease these painful feelings and work towards adjustment and an improved sense of well-being. If the source of the difficulties are not obvious at first, a psychological assessment can also be helpful.
(01) 907 9485 View (01) 907 9485
Photo of Karen Parrow, Pre-Accredited Member IACP, Psychotherapist
Karen Parrow
Psychotherapist, Pre-Accredited Member IACP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
I decided to train as a professional counsellor after my own experience with depression. It's such an incredible privilege to be able to use my own life experiences to help others. Whichever way we work together, the relationship between us will be what enables the changes you wish to make and I will consistently offer empathy and support, no matter how difficult some of the things we deal with may be, and to be honest and upfront with you. This will help to nurture an environment in which you feel truly heard, valued, and empowered to make positive change.
I decided to train as a professional counsellor after my own experience with depression. It's such an incredible privilege to be able to use my own life experiences to help others. Whichever way we work together, the relationship between us will be what enables the changes you wish to make and I will consistently offer empathy and support, no matter how difficult some of the things we deal with may be, and to be honest and upfront with you. This will help to nurture an environment in which you feel truly heard, valued, and empowered to make positive change.
085 756 5452 View 085 756 5452
Photo of John Bourke, MA, MIAHIP, Psychotherapist
John Bourke
Psychotherapist, MA, MIAHIP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
There are many reasons people seek psychotherapy, including finding understanding, support, hope, insight and relief from different kinds of suffering - Stress (e.g. related to their family, a particular relationship, in the work place - burn out, bullying...); Anxiety/ Panic; Traumas of different kinds (sexual, emotional...); Depression; Low Self Esteem; Grief; Bereavement. The sources of suffering can be complex and hard to access on one's own. The unique ground and fabric of the therapeutic relationship can provide a powerful resource towards healing and vitality.
There are many reasons people seek psychotherapy, including finding understanding, support, hope, insight and relief from different kinds of suffering - Stress (e.g. related to their family, a particular relationship, in the work place - burn out, bullying...); Anxiety/ Panic; Traumas of different kinds (sexual, emotional...); Depression; Low Self Esteem; Grief; Bereavement. The sources of suffering can be complex and hard to access on one's own. The unique ground and fabric of the therapeutic relationship can provide a powerful resource towards healing and vitality.
(01) 263 0393 x61 View (01) 263 0393 x61
Photo of Stephen MacGarry, MA, NAPCP, Psychotherapist
Stephen MacGarry
Psychotherapist, MA, NAPCP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
In my practice I work with a broad range of clients including young people (16-25), neurodiverse, LGBTQ+ and GSRD identifying clients. I believe that each and every one of my clients has a unique experience and so each therapy begins and ends differently. I often help clients to address issues around sexuality and gender as well as working with survivors of domestic and sexual violence.
In my practice I work with a broad range of clients including young people (16-25), neurodiverse, LGBTQ+ and GSRD identifying clients. I believe that each and every one of my clients has a unique experience and so each therapy begins and ends differently. I often help clients to address issues around sexuality and gender as well as working with survivors of domestic and sexual violence.
(01) 267 6570 x45 View (01) 267 6570 x45
Photo of Caitríona Nic Éinrí, DCounsPsych, NAPCP, Psychotherapist
Caitríona Nic Éinrí
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, NAPCP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
An experienced counsellor and psychotherapist working with adolescents (16+) and adults. Caitríona helps clients restore a sense of calm and peace to their lives by exploring underlying issues and problems that may be causing them unhappiness. She works in a counseling practice in Rathfarham village. Caitríona also developed a program called Gemkids, using her teaching skills as well as therapeutic experience. She has worked in the area of Special educational needs since early 2000 in the primary and secondary sector.
An experienced counsellor and psychotherapist working with adolescents (16+) and adults. Caitríona helps clients restore a sense of calm and peace to their lives by exploring underlying issues and problems that may be causing them unhappiness. She works in a counseling practice in Rathfarham village. Caitríona also developed a program called Gemkids, using her teaching skills as well as therapeutic experience. She has worked in the area of Special educational needs since early 2000 in the primary and secondary sector.
(01) 267 6595 x98 View (01) 267 6595 x98
Photo of Danielle Crimin
Danielle Crimin
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
Play Therapy helps children with social or emotional deficits learn to communicate better, change their behavior, develop problem-solving skills, and relate to others in positive ways. It is appropriate for children undergoing or witnessing stressful events in their lives, such as a serious illness or hospitalization, domestic violence, abuse, trauma, a family crisis, or an upsetting change in their environment. Play therapy can help children with academic and social problems, learning disabilities, behavioral disorders, anxiety, depression, grief, or anger, as well as those with attention deficit disorders.
Play Therapy helps children with social or emotional deficits learn to communicate better, change their behavior, develop problem-solving skills, and relate to others in positive ways. It is appropriate for children undergoing or witnessing stressful events in their lives, such as a serious illness or hospitalization, domestic violence, abuse, trauma, a family crisis, or an upsetting change in their environment. Play therapy can help children with academic and social problems, learning disabilities, behavioral disorders, anxiety, depression, grief, or anger, as well as those with attention deficit disorders.
(01) 267 6692 x42 View (01) 267 6692 x42
Photo of Rhea Askins, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Rhea Askins
Psychotherapist, MIACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
Ireland's first transgender psychotherapist -views Love and Responsibility as two cornerstones of human existence. Rhea is a fully-accredited psychotherapist. Rhea is an integrative, person-centred psychotherapist who favours an existential-humanistic approach. Rhea believes that a genuine client-therapist relationship is essential to the therapeutic process. She views Love and Responsibility as two cornerstones of human existence and has helped countless people to better themselves with her unique, practical, creative, deep-diving approach to psychotherapy.
Ireland's first transgender psychotherapist -views Love and Responsibility as two cornerstones of human existence. Rhea is a fully-accredited psychotherapist. Rhea is an integrative, person-centred psychotherapist who favours an existential-humanistic approach. Rhea believes that a genuine client-therapist relationship is essential to the therapeutic process. She views Love and Responsibility as two cornerstones of human existence and has helped countless people to better themselves with her unique, practical, creative, deep-diving approach to psychotherapy.
086 060 8838 View 086 060 8838
Photo of Andrew Crabbe, DCounsPsych, CPsychol PSI, Psychologist
Andrew Crabbe
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol PSI
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
Andrew has training in Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Attachment Based Family Therapy (ABFT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), and Unified Protocol for Emotional Disorders (UP). All of Andrew’s training is underpinned by a humanistic approach which centres the client as the focus of the work. Andrew has research experience and numerous publications in the areas of impulse control, substance abuse, and effective training methods for therapists. Additionally, Andrew has extensive experience working with neurodivergent clients who may have ASD, ADHD, OCD, Dyslexia etc.
Andrew has training in Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Attachment Based Family Therapy (ABFT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), and Unified Protocol for Emotional Disorders (UP). All of Andrew’s training is underpinned by a humanistic approach which centres the client as the focus of the work. Andrew has research experience and numerous publications in the areas of impulse control, substance abuse, and effective training methods for therapists. Additionally, Andrew has extensive experience working with neurodivergent clients who may have ASD, ADHD, OCD, Dyslexia etc.
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Photo of John Duffy - Insomnia Therapy (John Duffy), MSc, CPsychol PSI, Psychologist
Insomnia Therapy (John Duffy)
Psychologist, MSc, CPsychol PSI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14  (Online Only)
I am a Chartered Counselling Psychologist with the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI) and founder of Insomnia Therapy. I specialise in the treatment of insomnia and sleep difficulties using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), the gold standard treatment for chronic insomnia. I also provide general counselling, psychology, and psychotherapy to men and women in Ireland. I have 30 years of experience in the field of counselling psychology and mental health.
I am a Chartered Counselling Psychologist with the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI) and founder of Insomnia Therapy. I specialise in the treatment of insomnia and sleep difficulties using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), the gold standard treatment for chronic insomnia. I also provide general counselling, psychology, and psychotherapy to men and women in Ireland. I have 30 years of experience in the field of counselling psychology and mental health.
(01) 230 8537 x20 View (01) 230 8537 x20
Photo of Nuala Maria Dandy - Awakenings Counselling Healing Centre , DCounsPsych, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Awakenings Counselling Healing Centre
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MIACP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
I am a Counsellor and Psychotherapist and an accredited member of IACP since 2007. I work in person with clients and also work remotely if preferred. I work with both individuals and couples using a person centred humanistic integrative approach creating a nonjudgmental safe environment which enables clients to move towards self-awareness, self-acceptance, empowerment, healing and growth.
I am a Counsellor and Psychotherapist and an accredited member of IACP since 2007. I work in person with clients and also work remotely if preferred. I work with both individuals and couples using a person centred humanistic integrative approach creating a nonjudgmental safe environment which enables clients to move towards self-awareness, self-acceptance, empowerment, healing and growth.
(01) 263 0697 x10 View (01) 263 0697 x10
Photo of Sofía Nikodem, MA
Sofía Nikodem
MA
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
I am a qualified professional art psychotherapist based in Dublin, Ireland. I have trained as an art therapist with a postgraduate degree in Art Therapy and Community Arts, as well as a master's degree in Art Therapy, psychotherapeutic application of artistic practice. I am accredited by IACAT, the Irish Association of Creative Arts Therapists.
I am a qualified professional art psychotherapist based in Dublin, Ireland. I have trained as an art therapist with a postgraduate degree in Art Therapy and Community Arts, as well as a master's degree in Art Therapy, psychotherapeutic application of artistic practice. I am accredited by IACAT, the Irish Association of Creative Arts Therapists.
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Photo of Masoumeh Maryam Yazdani, MA, MIACP, Psychotherapist
Masoumeh Maryam Yazdani
Psychotherapist, MA, MIACP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
You as my client matter to me. Your well being is very essential. Therefore, the use of skills and methods in therapy would assist you to enrich your goal.On your therapy journey, you discover your abilities and your interests alongside your needs to target your wish. On this pass and way of therapy, you definitely discover your uniqueness and special individuality.
You as my client matter to me. Your well being is very essential. Therefore, the use of skills and methods in therapy would assist you to enrich your goal.On your therapy journey, you discover your abilities and your interests alongside your needs to target your wish. On this pass and way of therapy, you definitely discover your uniqueness and special individuality.
(01) 267 6595 x30 View (01) 267 6595 x30
Photo of Joanna Langier, MA, MIAHIP, Psychotherapist
Joanna Langier
Psychotherapist, MA, MIAHIP
Verified Verified
Dublin 14, Dublin, County Dublin D14
As a humanistic-integrative psychotherapist, I offer a flexible approach to practice that meets each client's unique needs. I use different therapeutic modalities, including: body (somatic) psychotherapy, CBT, existential, gestalt, and psychodynamics. I work collaboratively with my clients to find methods that best fit their strengths and preferences.
As a humanistic-integrative psychotherapist, I offer a flexible approach to practice that meets each client's unique needs. I use different therapeutic modalities, including: body (somatic) psychotherapy, CBT, existential, gestalt, and psychodynamics. I work collaboratively with my clients to find methods that best fit their strengths and preferences.
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See more therapy options for Dublin 14, Dublin

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Dublin 14, Dublin

80+

Average cost per session

€72

Counsellors in Dublin 14, Dublin who prioritize treating:

84% Anxiety
76% Depression
73% Stress
72% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
57% Coping Skills
55% Bereavement

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

96% Laya
92% VHI
88% Irish Life

How Counsellors in Dublin 14, Dublin see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Dublin 14, Dublin?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, eircode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or eircode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are accredited members of the main professional associations, mainly the Irish Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (IACP) and the Irish Council for Psychotherapy (ICP). Most Psychologists are accredited members of the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement in Ireland, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Ireland. Psychologists have earned a doctoral degree in psychology and many are accredited members of the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI). Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a doctoral degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the IACP or ICP, they must complete a minimum of an NFQ Level 7 programme with 100 hours of clinical experience and a minimum of 450 hours of post-training clinical experience under clinical supervision.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in Ireland could cost between €50 – €90 when seeing a counsellor and €75 - €120 or more when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The National Counselling Service (NCS) is a government-funded service that provides short to medium term counselling and psychotherapy for free to individuals who have experienced trauma or abuse. The service can be accessed by GP referral or self-referral.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your eircode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the IACP, the ICP, or PSI are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a child is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.