Therapists in Fairfax, VA

Photo of Sylvia Hanna Jacoub, Psychologist, PsyD
Sylvia Hanna Jacoub
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
When feelings of worry, irritability, sadness, anger or the curve balls life throws at you become overwhelming, they can begin to interfere with your ability to be fully present at home, work, or in your relationships. Sometimes these feelings may be related to current life stressors, or they may have deeper roots that make them feel harder to untangle. I can help you by providing a warm, safe, and non-judgmental environment to begin the process of self-exploration and healing .I am a licensed clinical psychologist with extensive experience working with adolescents and adults from diverse cultural backgrounds.
When feelings of worry, irritability, sadness, anger or the curve balls life throws at you become overwhelming, they can begin to interfere with your ability to be fully present at home, work, or in your relationships. Sometimes these feelings may be related to current life stressors, or they may have deeper roots that make them feel harder to untangle. I can help you by providing a warm, safe, and non-judgmental environment to begin the process of self-exploration and healing .I am a licensed clinical psychologist with extensive experience working with adolescents and adults from diverse cultural backgrounds.
(571) 339-5501 View (571) 339-5501
Photo of Katrina Taschman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Katrina Taschman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I value doing deep, attachment-based work that gets at the root of your struggles. Whether I am working with individuals, couples, or families, my goal is to help people feel less burdened by negativity and more connected with themselves and their loved ones. I can help you access the parts of you that need attention and healing so you can develop more self-trust, resolve internal conflicts, integrate past trauma, and show up more authentically in your relationships.
I value doing deep, attachment-based work that gets at the root of your struggles. Whether I am working with individuals, couples, or families, my goal is to help people feel less burdened by negativity and more connected with themselves and their loved ones. I can help you access the parts of you that need attention and healing so you can develop more self-trust, resolve internal conflicts, integrate past trauma, and show up more authentically in your relationships.
(571) 200-7005 View (571) 200-7005
Photo of Quintin Talley, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Quintin Talley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I work with all couples and relationships and has special interests helping couples recover from infidelity and helping couples caught in high conflict or communication breakdowns.
I work with all couples and relationships and has special interests helping couples recover from infidelity and helping couples caught in high conflict or communication breakdowns.
(571) 520-3176 View (571) 520-3176
Photo of Elayne Smithffx - Elayne Smith, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Elayne Smith, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I work with people who long for deeper, more reciprocal relationships, a life that actually fits, and a way of being that doesn’t require so much effort to maintain. You know how to hold it all together. You show up, take care of others, work hard, and keep moving, regardless of how you need. Externally, it's going well, but internally, you feel stuck in patterns that leave you feeling drained, unseen, weighed down by pain, burned out, or always chasing. I specialize in working with high-performers, perfectionists, people pleasers, or anxious attachers who seek greater satisfaction, connection, peace, and balance in their life.
I work with people who long for deeper, more reciprocal relationships, a life that actually fits, and a way of being that doesn’t require so much effort to maintain. You know how to hold it all together. You show up, take care of others, work hard, and keep moving, regardless of how you need. Externally, it's going well, but internally, you feel stuck in patterns that leave you feeling drained, unseen, weighed down by pain, burned out, or always chasing. I specialize in working with high-performers, perfectionists, people pleasers, or anxious attachers who seek greater satisfaction, connection, peace, and balance in their life.
(571) 619-8653 View (571) 619-8653
Photo of Samantha Dracup - Hart & Soul Behavioral Health, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Hart & Soul Behavioral Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Online Only
Hi, I’m Samantha! I’m a clinical social worker who brings a grounded, compassionate, and nonjudgmental approach to healing work. I specialize in supporting individuals 15 and older through life’s complexities—whether you're navigating trauma, identity exploration, emotional regulation, or deep patterns rooted in early experience. I work with clients navigating a wide range of concerns, including: ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Trauma and PTSD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Substance use and recovery. I do not offer couples sessions at this time.
Hi, I’m Samantha! I’m a clinical social worker who brings a grounded, compassionate, and nonjudgmental approach to healing work. I specialize in supporting individuals 15 and older through life’s complexities—whether you're navigating trauma, identity exploration, emotional regulation, or deep patterns rooted in early experience. I work with clients navigating a wide range of concerns, including: ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Trauma and PTSD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Substance use and recovery. I do not offer couples sessions at this time.
(443) 589-6541 View (443) 589-6541
Photo of Kelsey Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Kelsey Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
5 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22031
As a therapist, I specialize in helping professional BIPOC women, helping professionals, and military family members navigate these challenges with compassion and clarity. I offer personalized support to help you navigate your struggles, process past trauma, & develop practical strategies to restore balance. Clients walk away from therapy feeling more optimistic about the future and less distressed about life circumstances.
As a therapist, I specialize in helping professional BIPOC women, helping professionals, and military family members navigate these challenges with compassion and clarity. I offer personalized support to help you navigate your struggles, process past trauma, & develop practical strategies to restore balance. Clients walk away from therapy feeling more optimistic about the future and less distressed about life circumstances.
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Photo of Annie Garrett, Psychologist, PsyD
Annie Garrett
Psychologist, PsyD
5 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Are you dealing with challenging life stressors and finding it hard to cope? Are you at a crossroads and struggling with how to move forward? Are you not where you thought you’d be in life and beating yourself up about it or consumed with worry about the future? If these questions resonate, I can help. I can help you improve how you handle stress and accept challenges, develop a more positive relationship with yourself, and make meaningful changes in your life.
Are you dealing with challenging life stressors and finding it hard to cope? Are you at a crossroads and struggling with how to move forward? Are you not where you thought you’d be in life and beating yourself up about it or consumed with worry about the future? If these questions resonate, I can help. I can help you improve how you handle stress and accept challenges, develop a more positive relationship with yourself, and make meaningful changes in your life.
(213) 322-0162 View (213) 322-0162
Photo of India Walsh - Simply Mindful Solutions, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C, CCTP
Simply Mindful Solutions, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C, CCTP
Fairfax, VA 22030
At Simply Mindful Solutions, we believe in the importance of a strong therapeutic relationship. When someone chooses to walk in the door to begin their healing journey, it’s an honor that their trust has been placed in us to begin that journey with them. Our combined experience includes working with clients on a variety of issues to include domestic violence, trauma, anxiety, childhood abuse/neglect, sexual abuse, ADHD, Autism, foster care/adoption and depression.
At Simply Mindful Solutions, we believe in the importance of a strong therapeutic relationship. When someone chooses to walk in the door to begin their healing journey, it’s an honor that their trust has been placed in us to begin that journey with them. Our combined experience includes working with clients on a variety of issues to include domestic violence, trauma, anxiety, childhood abuse/neglect, sexual abuse, ADHD, Autism, foster care/adoption and depression.
(571) 339-3119 View (571) 339-3119
Photo of Martha Sayre, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Martha Sayre
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Fairfax, VA 22030
When we have been hurt in the past, we carry our wounds into the present. Not only do we carry the painful memories, but also all the accompanying feelings such as shame, anger and powerlessness. Our nervous system is on high alert and our brains prepare our bodies to survive. Our muscles get tense, our chests get tight, our shoulders ache. Trauma doesn’t have to be one terrible event. It can be the daily impact of not feeling safe and secure in our early environments. Often, we think that we have moved on, but our brains and bodies do not forget.
When we have been hurt in the past, we carry our wounds into the present. Not only do we carry the painful memories, but also all the accompanying feelings such as shame, anger and powerlessness. Our nervous system is on high alert and our brains prepare our bodies to survive. Our muscles get tense, our chests get tight, our shoulders ache. Trauma doesn’t have to be one terrible event. It can be the daily impact of not feeling safe and secure in our early environments. Often, we think that we have moved on, but our brains and bodies do not forget.
(703) 997-7410 View (703) 997-7410
Photo of Yuko C Constas, Marriage & Family Therapist, MSMFT, LMFT
Yuko C Constas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSMFT, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can be challenging. We all face trials that leave us disappointed, hurt, and drained of hope and joy. In these moments, therapy can offer guidance, clarity, and healing. I believe everyone has the capacity to grow and thrive with the right support. My focus areas include attachment injuries, trauma, life transitions, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, grief, emotional healing, and spiritual struggles. My goal is to help you reconnect with your strengths, build emotional resilience, and move toward a more balanced, authentic, and fulfilling life. Together, we can work toward healing and rediscovering hope for your future.
Life can be challenging. We all face trials that leave us disappointed, hurt, and drained of hope and joy. In these moments, therapy can offer guidance, clarity, and healing. I believe everyone has the capacity to grow and thrive with the right support. My focus areas include attachment injuries, trauma, life transitions, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, grief, emotional healing, and spiritual struggles. My goal is to help you reconnect with your strengths, build emotional resilience, and move toward a more balanced, authentic, and fulfilling life. Together, we can work toward healing and rediscovering hope for your future.
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Photo of Maggie Maxwell, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Maggie Maxwell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
If you are ready to change the way you respond to anxiety and stress, you're in the right place. I work with clients seeking long-term lifestyle changes in the way they approach uncertainty in life, being stuck in thought loops, and obsessive thinking and compulsions. In our work together, we address anxiety and depression, OCD, and/or other mental health concerns through introspection & outward action. We work together in developing insight & creative exploration of self while taking actionable steps to rebuild trust in yourself. You can learn to meet your needs & live through your values, not your anxiety.
If you are ready to change the way you respond to anxiety and stress, you're in the right place. I work with clients seeking long-term lifestyle changes in the way they approach uncertainty in life, being stuck in thought loops, and obsessive thinking and compulsions. In our work together, we address anxiety and depression, OCD, and/or other mental health concerns through introspection & outward action. We work together in developing insight & creative exploration of self while taking actionable steps to rebuild trust in yourself. You can learn to meet your needs & live through your values, not your anxiety.
(571) 462-2650 View (571) 462-2650
Photo of Melissa House, Social Worker, LCSW
Melissa House
Social Worker, LCSW
Fairfax, VA 22031
I have a passion for supporting individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their families. As a mother of two children with IDD, I bring both professional expertise and personal experience to my work, offering a unique perspective that deeply informs my approach. For 17 years, I’ve been dedicated to helping individuals and families navigate the challenges and opportunities that come with IDD, empowering them to live fulfilling and meaningful lives. I believe that every person has unique strengths and abilities, and my goal is to create a safe, supportive, and person-centered environment.
I have a passion for supporting individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their families. As a mother of two children with IDD, I bring both professional expertise and personal experience to my work, offering a unique perspective that deeply informs my approach. For 17 years, I’ve been dedicated to helping individuals and families navigate the challenges and opportunities that come with IDD, empowering them to live fulfilling and meaningful lives. I believe that every person has unique strengths and abilities, and my goal is to create a safe, supportive, and person-centered environment.
(571) 546-3348 View (571) 546-3348
Photo of Kimberly Sherman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW, LCSW
Kimberly Sherman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Dealing with processing and healing from past experiences, whether they happened recently or in childhood? Not sure how you want to show up in your relationships, or how to set boundaries to have healthier dynamics in your relationships? Experiencing imposter syndrome as you enter new phases in your life, whether it be college, employment or relationships? Feeling overwhelmed with the daily requirements of being a human in the current world? Therapy can help unpack all these feelings so you can show up in your daily life the way you want!
Dealing with processing and healing from past experiences, whether they happened recently or in childhood? Not sure how you want to show up in your relationships, or how to set boundaries to have healthier dynamics in your relationships? Experiencing imposter syndrome as you enter new phases in your life, whether it be college, employment or relationships? Feeling overwhelmed with the daily requirements of being a human in the current world? Therapy can help unpack all these feelings so you can show up in your daily life the way you want!
(571) 946-4695 View (571) 946-4695
Photo of Peter G Gross, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Peter G Gross
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Fairfax, VA 22030
I am a Child and Adult Psychoanalyst in a multidisciplinary group practice based in Fairfax Virginia. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families. Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic based therapy are an opportunity to pause and reflect on all the important parts of your life. In a safe and confidential environment new ways to approach conflicts and concerns are discovered. The process of discovery builds self-confidence and enhances emotional self-awareness.
I am a Child and Adult Psychoanalyst in a multidisciplinary group practice based in Fairfax Virginia. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families. Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic based therapy are an opportunity to pause and reflect on all the important parts of your life. In a safe and confidential environment new ways to approach conflicts and concerns are discovered. The process of discovery builds self-confidence and enhances emotional self-awareness.
(571) 366-7889 x1019 View (571) 366-7889 x1019
Photo of Lauren Doroski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lauren Doroski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Fairfax, VA 22030
Waitlist for new clients
I am currently not accepting new clients, but the practice has additional clinicians available to meet your needs! Please reach out and we can connect you. Finding a therapist that is the right fit for you and your needs can be challenging, but having the support of a good therapist can be invaluable. As your therapist, my goal would be that we build a strong therapeutic relationship and identify what you are hoping to achieve or gain from therapy. I strive to create a comfortable, safe space where everyone feels welcomed and heard. I tailor my services and interventions to each of my clients’ unique needs and circumstances.
I am currently not accepting new clients, but the practice has additional clinicians available to meet your needs! Please reach out and we can connect you. Finding a therapist that is the right fit for you and your needs can be challenging, but having the support of a good therapist can be invaluable. As your therapist, my goal would be that we build a strong therapeutic relationship and identify what you are hoping to achieve or gain from therapy. I strive to create a comfortable, safe space where everyone feels welcomed and heard. I tailor my services and interventions to each of my clients’ unique needs and circumstances.
(571) 651-8703 View (571) 651-8703
Photo of Thomas I Knedler, Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Thomas I Knedler
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you tired of not living up to your potential? Are situations from your past not allowing you to live in the moment or prepare for your future? Do you feel misunderstood and unappreciated? Do you want to learn to value "you"? You are an unique individual, and you deserve therapy that is tailored to your specific needs. I will work with you to try to help you achieve your goals and address your concerns in a manner that is effective for you within a warm and nonjudgmental atmosphere. We will work as a team as you are the expert on you!
Are you tired of not living up to your potential? Are situations from your past not allowing you to live in the moment or prepare for your future? Do you feel misunderstood and unappreciated? Do you want to learn to value "you"? You are an unique individual, and you deserve therapy that is tailored to your specific needs. I will work with you to try to help you achieve your goals and address your concerns in a manner that is effective for you within a warm and nonjudgmental atmosphere. We will work as a team as you are the expert on you!
(703) 352-3822 x1015 View (703) 352-3822 x1015
Photo of Jennifer Shore, Psychologist, PsyD
Jennifer Shore
Psychologist, PsyD
7 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in neuropsychological assessments and pre-surgical evaluations as well as psychotherapy. I am a certified ADHD specialist. I have a wide range of experiences that enable me to listen, assess, and diagnose a variety of psychological and educational issues. I use an integrative approach to therapy which allows me to tailor overall therapeutic goals as well as target each individual session to meet your needs at that point in time. I have weekly availability for fitness for duty and pre-surgical evals for weight loss surgery (bariatric), spinal cord stimulators and IVF.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in neuropsychological assessments and pre-surgical evaluations as well as psychotherapy. I am a certified ADHD specialist. I have a wide range of experiences that enable me to listen, assess, and diagnose a variety of psychological and educational issues. I use an integrative approach to therapy which allows me to tailor overall therapeutic goals as well as target each individual session to meet your needs at that point in time. I have weekly availability for fitness for duty and pre-surgical evals for weight loss surgery (bariatric), spinal cord stimulators and IVF.
(703) 498-2547 View (703) 498-2547
Photo of Niah Richardson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Niah Richardson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You’re a high-achiever, but you struggle with the weight of anxiety. Despite your success, feelings of dread and restlessness shadow your days. You find yourself mentally and physically exhausted because you’re always on edge; constantly waiting for the shoe to drop. Life has become nothing more than merely surviving. You feel stuck, defeated, and your self-confidence is shattered. Anxiety has stolen your sense of accomplishment, ruined your relationships, and stopped you from achieving your goals. You long to move beyond the pain and live a more peaceful and purposeful life that you love.
You’re a high-achiever, but you struggle with the weight of anxiety. Despite your success, feelings of dread and restlessness shadow your days. You find yourself mentally and physically exhausted because you’re always on edge; constantly waiting for the shoe to drop. Life has become nothing more than merely surviving. You feel stuck, defeated, and your self-confidence is shattered. Anxiety has stolen your sense of accomplishment, ruined your relationships, and stopped you from achieving your goals. You long to move beyond the pain and live a more peaceful and purposeful life that you love.
(571) 200-3709 View (571) 200-3709
Photo of Jan Beauregard, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, CSAC, CSAT-S
Jan Beauregard
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, CSAC, CSAT-S
2 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
If you are having difficulties coping with stress related to unresolved anxiety, depression, trauma, substance abuse or other process addictions (eating disorders, compulsive sexuality, repetitive patterns of dysfunction in relationships, gambling, workaholism) you may wish to work with a specialist at IPI who is Certified to treat these conditions. The clinical director will speak to you personally about the goals you have for therapy and match you to the clinician who best meets your needs.
If you are having difficulties coping with stress related to unresolved anxiety, depression, trauma, substance abuse or other process addictions (eating disorders, compulsive sexuality, repetitive patterns of dysfunction in relationships, gambling, workaholism) you may wish to work with a specialist at IPI who is Certified to treat these conditions. The clinical director will speak to you personally about the goals you have for therapy and match you to the clinician who best meets your needs.
(703) 349-4558 x1 View (703) 349-4558 x1
Photo of Ruth Gahsu, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ruth Gahsu
Pre-Licensed Professional
17 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
My deepest commitment is supporting your journey toward healing and personal growth. I aim to create a warm, empathetic space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings without fear or judgment. My approach is rooted in empathy and collaboration, recognizing that healing is a personal process of self-discovery and growth. I’m dedicated to walking alongside you, offering support and understanding as you navigate your emotions and experiences. I have experience working with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families, and I’m passionate about helping each person find their unique path forward.
My deepest commitment is supporting your journey toward healing and personal growth. I aim to create a warm, empathetic space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings without fear or judgment. My approach is rooted in empathy and collaboration, recognizing that healing is a personal process of self-discovery and growth. I’m dedicated to walking alongside you, offering support and understanding as you navigate your emotions and experiences. I have experience working with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families, and I’m passionate about helping each person find their unique path forward.
(571) 202-7908 View (571) 202-7908

See more therapy options for Fairfax

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fairfax, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$171

Therapists in Fairfax, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
58% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Anthem
70% Aetna

How Therapists in Fairfax, VA see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fairfax?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.