Therapists in Vacaville, CA

Photo of Positive Change Counseling Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Positive Change Counseling Services
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vacaville, CA 95687
We utilize a HIPAA compliant TeleHealth format to help you achieve anxiety and depression management through this COVID-19 crisis. Together, through remote video-conferencing, your individual therapist can develop a treatment goal that best achieves your desired outcomes. We welcome individuals and their families to partnership with a private therapist in our group to create successful restoration of relationships, gain individual growth, and healing.
We utilize a HIPAA compliant TeleHealth format to help you achieve anxiety and depression management through this COVID-19 crisis. Together, through remote video-conferencing, your individual therapist can develop a treatment goal that best achieves your desired outcomes. We welcome individuals and their families to partnership with a private therapist in our group to create successful restoration of relationships, gain individual growth, and healing.
(707) 879-1812 View (707) 879-1812
Photo of Michael Ray Henry, Psychologist in Vacaville, CA
Michael Ray Henry
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95688
Every individual is aware of their personal needs in life and is on a quest to get them met. Internal and external roadblocks can hinder this process and produce negative emotional and mental states of being. My job is to get to the root cause of this distress by identifying the unmet needs, the roadblocks, and the process of meeting those needs that is currently not working. We then work on removing the roadblocks and replacing the method of getting those needs met with one that works and produces harmony with all of those involved.
Every individual is aware of their personal needs in life and is on a quest to get them met. Internal and external roadblocks can hinder this process and produce negative emotional and mental states of being. My job is to get to the root cause of this distress by identifying the unmet needs, the roadblocks, and the process of meeting those needs that is currently not working. We then work on removing the roadblocks and replacing the method of getting those needs met with one that works and produces harmony with all of those involved.
(858) 309-4244 View (858) 309-4244
Photo of Charlie Ruff, Marriage & Family Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Charlie Ruff
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95688
My name is Charlie Ruff (She, her). I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (38646) who sees individuals and couples via Telehealth. People often experience anxiety and depression regarding their relationships. I particularly enjoy helping my clients talk to themselves and their partners about their concerns in ways that help them de-escalate and create a secure bond. My approach with both individuals and couples is Emotionally Focused Therapy, an evidenced-based therapy for couples as evaluated by Division 12 of the American Psychological Association according to 1998 guidelines.
My name is Charlie Ruff (She, her). I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (38646) who sees individuals and couples via Telehealth. People often experience anxiety and depression regarding their relationships. I particularly enjoy helping my clients talk to themselves and their partners about their concerns in ways that help them de-escalate and create a secure bond. My approach with both individuals and couples is Emotionally Focused Therapy, an evidenced-based therapy for couples as evaluated by Division 12 of the American Psychological Association according to 1998 guidelines.
(707) 394-0220 View (707) 394-0220
Photo of David Squire, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Vacaville, CA
David Squire
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95687
Hello, my name is David Squire and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 36 years' experience helping people sort through and resolve challenges affecting their body, nervous system, mind, emotions, self-image, relationships and work. My approach to therapy is one that understands we all need help working through situations or issues that are too difficult to solve alone until we get the help we need. I take into account the person and their interactions with their environment.
Hello, my name is David Squire and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 36 years' experience helping people sort through and resolve challenges affecting their body, nervous system, mind, emotions, self-image, relationships and work. My approach to therapy is one that understands we all need help working through situations or issues that are too difficult to solve alone until we get the help we need. I take into account the person and their interactions with their environment.
(707) 682-0841 View (707) 682-0841
Photo of Elizabeth Trockey, Marriage & Family Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Elizabeth Trockey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vacaville, CA 95687  (Online Only)
Welcome! My name is Liz Trockey (she/her) and I’m a licensed marriage and family therapist who likes to use compassion, awareness building, and humor to support my clients in finding alignment within themselves. I believe that the client-therapist relationship is invaluable and recognize the privilege and honor of being able to witness emotional, relational, and spiritual growth. In the past four years, I have gained experience working with children, teens, and adults and utilize an attachment-based, trauma-informed approach to help clients find kindness and compassion for themselves.
Welcome! My name is Liz Trockey (she/her) and I’m a licensed marriage and family therapist who likes to use compassion, awareness building, and humor to support my clients in finding alignment within themselves. I believe that the client-therapist relationship is invaluable and recognize the privilege and honor of being able to witness emotional, relational, and spiritual growth. In the past four years, I have gained experience working with children, teens, and adults and utilize an attachment-based, trauma-informed approach to help clients find kindness and compassion for themselves.
(707) 347-0718 View (707) 347-0718
Photo of Camille Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Camille Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95687
So many of us have cracks in our foundations due to difficult life experiences, painful childhoods, traumas, addictions, relationship issues, and health conditions. Life challenges can seem so overwhelming that growing into the person that we would like to seems impossible. I am here to help you reprocess past pains, shift negative perspectives and let go of harmful behaviors. We are all capable of so much more than we know, yet we stand in the way of ourselves. I have experience working with a wide variety of clients, which has helped me to grow as a helping professional.
So many of us have cracks in our foundations due to difficult life experiences, painful childhoods, traumas, addictions, relationship issues, and health conditions. Life challenges can seem so overwhelming that growing into the person that we would like to seems impossible. I am here to help you reprocess past pains, shift negative perspectives and let go of harmful behaviors. We are all capable of so much more than we know, yet we stand in the way of ourselves. I have experience working with a wide variety of clients, which has helped me to grow as a helping professional.
(707) 229-0443 View (707) 229-0443
Photo of Erica Sylvia Mitchell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Erica Sylvia Mitchell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95687  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with complex trauma, chronic stress, anxiety, depression, life transitions? Is your body storing pain? Are you questioning your purpose, career, relationships? Are you searching for balance? Is work or family obligations stressing you? Are you feeling disorganized, and your criticizing thoughts are getting in your way? Have you held onto a dysfunctional narrative of who you are? Self-discovery is a powerful means to uncovering your full potential. The relationship starts with yourself. The healing journey is defined by you creating a life you want to live as I work as an aid, the vessel to help.
Are you struggling with complex trauma, chronic stress, anxiety, depression, life transitions? Is your body storing pain? Are you questioning your purpose, career, relationships? Are you searching for balance? Is work or family obligations stressing you? Are you feeling disorganized, and your criticizing thoughts are getting in your way? Have you held onto a dysfunctional narrative of who you are? Self-discovery is a powerful means to uncovering your full potential. The relationship starts with yourself. The healing journey is defined by you creating a life you want to live as I work as an aid, the vessel to help.
(707) 940-3742 View (707) 940-3742
Photo of Barbara E Saint Clair, Marriage & Family Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Barbara E Saint Clair
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95688
Seeking relief from anxiety, depression, relationships that don't work? I use Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) to help you overcome these emotions and find lasting change.
Seeking relief from anxiety, depression, relationships that don't work? I use Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) to help you overcome these emotions and find lasting change.
(707) 334-7872 View (707) 334-7872
Photo of Savannah Moore, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Savannah Moore
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vacaville, CA 95688
Hi! I have immediate availability in the mornings and afternoons in Vacaville. There are times in life where you may be presented with difficult situations or feelings, and just feel stuck. Having an outside perspective and nonjudgmental support can help you understand and process your feelings. Seeking support can feel overwhelming, but as your clinician I will meet you where you are at, and we will create a plan to reach your goals together. I have experience working with clients who are struggling with substance use, anxiety, attachment issues, self-esteem, codependency and much more.
Hi! I have immediate availability in the mornings and afternoons in Vacaville. There are times in life where you may be presented with difficult situations or feelings, and just feel stuck. Having an outside perspective and nonjudgmental support can help you understand and process your feelings. Seeking support can feel overwhelming, but as your clinician I will meet you where you are at, and we will create a plan to reach your goals together. I have experience working with clients who are struggling with substance use, anxiety, attachment issues, self-esteem, codependency and much more.
(707) 621-5877 View (707) 621-5877
Photo of Letrilla King, Psychologist in Vacaville, CA
Letrilla King
Psychologist, CP
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95688
Hello, my name is Dr. L. Chodi King and I am a licensed psychologist. I work with ages 18-99. I have worked with patients in integrated programs focusing on, but not limited to, co-occurring disorders, trauma, sexual abuse, and chronic pain helping them move past life's challenges into a bright future. My approach to therapy is person-centered. The modalities I use vary based on the individual needs of each patient as they are all unique individuals though I frequently use Cognitive Behavioral approaches.
Hello, my name is Dr. L. Chodi King and I am a licensed psychologist. I work with ages 18-99. I have worked with patients in integrated programs focusing on, but not limited to, co-occurring disorders, trauma, sexual abuse, and chronic pain helping them move past life's challenges into a bright future. My approach to therapy is person-centered. The modalities I use vary based on the individual needs of each patient as they are all unique individuals though I frequently use Cognitive Behavioral approaches.
(707) 940-5459 View (707) 940-5459
Photo of Sarah Chavez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Sarah Chavez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95687
My name is Sarah Chavez and I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I take a client-centered approach to therapy and am particularly passionate about helping clients activate and enhance the strengths within them to overcome adversity. I look forward to getting to know you! I typically work with adults in overcoming the barriers to their goals. I also enjoy assisting couples with bridging the communication gap in order to empower them to resolve conflict. I have experience working with justice-impacted individuals and child welfare/DV circumstances.
My name is Sarah Chavez and I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I take a client-centered approach to therapy and am particularly passionate about helping clients activate and enhance the strengths within them to overcome adversity. I look forward to getting to know you! I typically work with adults in overcoming the barriers to their goals. I also enjoy assisting couples with bridging the communication gap in order to empower them to resolve conflict. I have experience working with justice-impacted individuals and child welfare/DV circumstances.
(707) 267-2837 View (707) 267-2837
Photo of Audrey N Reyes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Audrey N Reyes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RYT200
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Vacaville, CA 95688  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I am Audrey and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and a RYT200 yoga teacher. I enjoy working with children, teens, adults, couples and families; and I have been an Air Force wife for 23 years and I understand the dynamics of being a military family. In my work, I have seen many people struggle to manage their emotions, stressors and work through problems they face on a daily basis. I recognize and understand the connection of our health is through balancing our mind and body. Reaching out for help is hard to do and I understand therapy is not for everyone. So I am glad you are here, reaching out.
Hi, I am Audrey and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and a RYT200 yoga teacher. I enjoy working with children, teens, adults, couples and families; and I have been an Air Force wife for 23 years and I understand the dynamics of being a military family. In my work, I have seen many people struggle to manage their emotions, stressors and work through problems they face on a daily basis. I recognize and understand the connection of our health is through balancing our mind and body. Reaching out for help is hard to do and I understand therapy is not for everyone. So I am glad you are here, reaching out.
(707) 356-9718 View (707) 356-9718
Photo of Karin Huang, Marriage & Family Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Karin Huang
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95687  (Online Only)
I specialize in supporting adults, couples and teens to process emotions, build better bond, and encourage growth and healing. I have extensive experience working with adults and families seeking support for mental health concerns, life transitional challenges, and personal growth. How do you normally deal with stress? We can work to develop better insight, increased self compassion, self regulation and can explore underlying issues toward building positive mental health and wellbeing.
I specialize in supporting adults, couples and teens to process emotions, build better bond, and encourage growth and healing. I have extensive experience working with adults and families seeking support for mental health concerns, life transitional challenges, and personal growth. How do you normally deal with stress? We can work to develop better insight, increased self compassion, self regulation and can explore underlying issues toward building positive mental health and wellbeing.
(661) 485-4700 View (661) 485-4700
Photo of Kathy Scalise Kifer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Kathy Scalise Kifer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vacaville, CA 95688
My name is Kathy Kifer ,I graduated from JFK university in somatic psychology in 2007 .I believe in treating the whole person mind body and spirit . Working with the youth has always been my focus but I also enjoy working with adults .I have a strong background in treatment of anxiety.
My name is Kathy Kifer ,I graduated from JFK university in somatic psychology in 2007 .I believe in treating the whole person mind body and spirit . Working with the youth has always been my focus but I also enjoy working with adults .I have a strong background in treatment of anxiety.
(707) 755-6913 View (707) 755-6913
Photo of Taeko Bufford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Taeko Bufford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95687
My name is Ty Bufford, LCSW. I specialize working with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, life stressors, relationship issues, generational trauma, grief, addiction, LGBTQ+ issues, and racial trauma. I utilize CBT, motivational interviewing, strength-based therapy, harm reduction, and solution focused therapy in my treatment and consider each person's unique context and cultural background with my interventions and treatment plans. Thank you for taking the first step during these challenging times. Therapy is a journey, and I am here to walk you through this process.
My name is Ty Bufford, LCSW. I specialize working with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, life stressors, relationship issues, generational trauma, grief, addiction, LGBTQ+ issues, and racial trauma. I utilize CBT, motivational interviewing, strength-based therapy, harm reduction, and solution focused therapy in my treatment and consider each person's unique context and cultural background with my interventions and treatment plans. Thank you for taking the first step during these challenging times. Therapy is a journey, and I am here to walk you through this process.
(707) 395-6810 View (707) 395-6810
Photo of Pattie Dunham, Marriage & Family Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Pattie Dunham
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vacaville, CA 95688
Waitlist for new clients
Is your family having difficulty getting back on track after distance learning or remote work due to the pandemic? Has communication been replaced with screen time? Have you been impacted by a divorce, illness, loss of a loved one, or sending a teen off to college? Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety, worry, fear, guilt, or grief ? Are you longing for clear communication in your life and looking to make changes to alleviate that "stuck" feeling.
Is your family having difficulty getting back on track after distance learning or remote work due to the pandemic? Has communication been replaced with screen time? Have you been impacted by a divorce, illness, loss of a loved one, or sending a teen off to college? Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety, worry, fear, guilt, or grief ? Are you longing for clear communication in your life and looking to make changes to alleviate that "stuck" feeling.
(707) 229-0238 View (707) 229-0238
Photo of Humanistic Psychological Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Humanistic Psychological Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95688
“You are doing your best at your current level of awareness.” Yet, you feel stuck, lost, and that your best isn't good enough. In your relationship, you wonder where things went wrong and why you and your partner aren't communicating the way that you used to. As a parent, you question whether you're actually doing what's best for your child, and feel guilty when the results of your parenting aren't as you planned. At work, you feel anxious and burned out. No matter what you do, you're still stressed out and overwhelmed with endless expectations and responsibilities. You know what's good for you, yet coping skills don't seem to work.
“You are doing your best at your current level of awareness.” Yet, you feel stuck, lost, and that your best isn't good enough. In your relationship, you wonder where things went wrong and why you and your partner aren't communicating the way that you used to. As a parent, you question whether you're actually doing what's best for your child, and feel guilty when the results of your parenting aren't as you planned. At work, you feel anxious and burned out. No matter what you do, you're still stressed out and overwhelmed with endless expectations and responsibilities. You know what's good for you, yet coping skills don't seem to work.
(707) 452-3403 View (707) 452-3403
Photo of Katharine Fabro, Psychologist in Vacaville, CA
Katharine Fabro
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95687
Hi! I'm Dr. Kat Fabro and I'm a Licensed Clinical Psychologist (PSY34208) and Registered Health Service Psychologist (72916). My goal is to help my clients be their most healthy self, which often starts with getting support for their mental health. I take a personalized approach to help clients cope with things like health issues, depression, anxiety, behavior change, and other life stressors.
Hi! I'm Dr. Kat Fabro and I'm a Licensed Clinical Psychologist (PSY34208) and Registered Health Service Psychologist (72916). My goal is to help my clients be their most healthy self, which often starts with getting support for their mental health. I take a personalized approach to help clients cope with things like health issues, depression, anxiety, behavior change, and other life stressors.
(707) 506-8678 View (707) 506-8678
Photo of Claudia Sanchez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Claudia Sanchez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95687
My name is C. Lorena Sanchez, and I am a licensed Marriage and Family therapist. I have been practicing for 20 years, I use a direct approach, non-directive, yet kind and empathetic. I work with clients dealing with addiction, trauma, grief and loss, and anxiety. My approach I like to work alongside my clients, developing practical strategies together to help them navigate the challenges that life brings using mindfulness, somatic and brainspotting techniques. I am very direct in my communication style, but I am also warm and empathetic. When we work together, I listen, and I am non-judgmental.
My name is C. Lorena Sanchez, and I am a licensed Marriage and Family therapist. I have been practicing for 20 years, I use a direct approach, non-directive, yet kind and empathetic. I work with clients dealing with addiction, trauma, grief and loss, and anxiety. My approach I like to work alongside my clients, developing practical strategies together to help them navigate the challenges that life brings using mindfulness, somatic and brainspotting techniques. I am very direct in my communication style, but I am also warm and empathetic. When we work together, I listen, and I am non-judgmental.
(707) 926-4788 View (707) 926-4788
Photo of Andrew Mohamed, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Vacaville, CA
Andrew Mohamed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vacaville, CA 95687
Hi, I'm Andrew Mohamed and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker originally from NYC, and loving the California experience! I take a collaborative approach with my clients in identifying problem areas that are influencing unhealthy dynamics in their life. This can be depressive experiences, anxiety-riddled moments, concerns around various relationships in your life, or life transitions that are feeling challenging to navigate. And it’s OK if you don’t have it all figured out, we can unpack things that are feeling troublesome for you together.
Hi, I'm Andrew Mohamed and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker originally from NYC, and loving the California experience! I take a collaborative approach with my clients in identifying problem areas that are influencing unhealthy dynamics in their life. This can be depressive experiences, anxiety-riddled moments, concerns around various relationships in your life, or life transitions that are feeling challenging to navigate. And it’s OK if you don’t have it all figured out, we can unpack things that are feeling troublesome for you together.
(707) 549-8727 View (707) 549-8727

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Vacaville, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Vacaville, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Coping Skills
71% Self Esteem
65% Stress
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Optum
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
66% Aetna

How Therapists in Vacaville, CA see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Vacaville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.