Therapists in Bethlehem, PA

Photo of Courtney Regine Muzac, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Courtney Regine Muzac
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18015  (Online Only)
I understand your pain of being exhausted from constantly putting on a facade of happiness, catering to everyone else's needs, and wishing someone could see through your smile and understand the pain you are hiding inside." Imagine breaking through those emotional barriers and no longer having to lie life behind the mask. As a therapist, my goal is to work with my clients to develop a more positive, stable sense of self despite life’s many challenges and changes.
I understand your pain of being exhausted from constantly putting on a facade of happiness, catering to everyone else's needs, and wishing someone could see through your smile and understand the pain you are hiding inside." Imagine breaking through those emotional barriers and no longer having to lie life behind the mask. As a therapist, my goal is to work with my clients to develop a more positive, stable sense of self despite life’s many challenges and changes.
(484) 665-8875 View (484) 665-8875
Alan Shapiro
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18020  (Online Only)
I can help you to develop or refine coping skills for dealing with numerous issues including but not limited to substance abuse issues, co-occurring disorders, depression, anxiety, marital/relationship issues and loss. I have been providing non-judgmental, compassionate care in behavioral healthcare services for the past 21 years. I am an excellent listener who is dedicated to the truth, committed to accepting others where they are, as they are.
I can help you to develop or refine coping skills for dealing with numerous issues including but not limited to substance abuse issues, co-occurring disorders, depression, anxiety, marital/relationship issues and loss. I have been providing non-judgmental, compassionate care in behavioral healthcare services for the past 21 years. I am an excellent listener who is dedicated to the truth, committed to accepting others where they are, as they are.
(610) 915-8783 View (610) 915-8783
Photo of Jacquelyn Otto, MEd, CAADC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jacquelyn Otto
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, CAADC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I am a licensed professional counselor, who is passionate in helping others reach their treatment goals through therapeutic interventions and working on setting specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely treatment objectives. I strongly support person-centered treatment and maintaining a safe and holistic therapeutic environment, while also focusing on the strengths of the individual.
I am a licensed professional counselor, who is passionate in helping others reach their treatment goals through therapeutic interventions and working on setting specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely treatment objectives. I strongly support person-centered treatment and maintaining a safe and holistic therapeutic environment, while also focusing on the strengths of the individual.
(484) 778-4185 View (484) 778-4185
Photo of Glenn Kendrick, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Glenn Kendrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
When life's struggles get you down, the support of counseling does much to uplift your spirit, build confidence, decrease stress, and develop new ways to improve upon negative thoughts and behaviors. Providing evidence-based therapy to those in need is much more than just a qualification, it is something I approach with deep passion and respect. As I believe that as your therapist, you come first! Seeking outside support for a personal problem can seem intimidating, but through the care offered from counselors like myself, there is great hope your anxiety will decrease, confidence builds, and personal goals are attained over time.
When life's struggles get you down, the support of counseling does much to uplift your spirit, build confidence, decrease stress, and develop new ways to improve upon negative thoughts and behaviors. Providing evidence-based therapy to those in need is much more than just a qualification, it is something I approach with deep passion and respect. As I believe that as your therapist, you come first! Seeking outside support for a personal problem can seem intimidating, but through the care offered from counselors like myself, there is great hope your anxiety will decrease, confidence builds, and personal goals are attained over time.
(484) 310-8480 View (484) 310-8480
Photo of Lisa Do, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lisa Do
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18017  (Online Only)
I am pursuing licensure as a Professional Counselor with experience in various areas of mental health, including addressing co-occurring substance use. I focus on helping those struggling with depression, anxiety, addiction, relationship issues, stress, and LGBTQ+ concerns. I strive to create a safe environment where clients can explore their feelings and work toward their goals. I work with individuals and couples from diverse backgrounds, understanding the importance of tailoring treatment to meet each person’s unique needs. My approach is collaborative, empowering clients as they navigate their therapeutic journey and fostering a
I am pursuing licensure as a Professional Counselor with experience in various areas of mental health, including addressing co-occurring substance use. I focus on helping those struggling with depression, anxiety, addiction, relationship issues, stress, and LGBTQ+ concerns. I strive to create a safe environment where clients can explore their feelings and work toward their goals. I work with individuals and couples from diverse backgrounds, understanding the importance of tailoring treatment to meet each person’s unique needs. My approach is collaborative, empowering clients as they navigate their therapeutic journey and fostering a
(484) 371-7795 View (484) 371-7795
Photo of May Bassem Ambrogi - Mindful Transformations Counseling, May Ambrogi, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mindful Transformations Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, May Ambrogi, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Experiencing trauma (little and big T traumas) seems to be a part of everyone's life at some point. In my 20 years experience, I see that trauma and chronic stress often lead to, or exacerbate, feelings of depression, anxiety or being "stuck." Being specialty-trained, open-minded and client-needs driven, at MTC, we are able to adeptly challenge clients while also re-building their hope and sense of worthiness so that they may feel good and safe while moving past their comfort zones. (NOTE: Please see the website for my staff's bios. Currently accepting insurances & self-pay clients for my staff.)
Experiencing trauma (little and big T traumas) seems to be a part of everyone's life at some point. In my 20 years experience, I see that trauma and chronic stress often lead to, or exacerbate, feelings of depression, anxiety or being "stuck." Being specialty-trained, open-minded and client-needs driven, at MTC, we are able to adeptly challenge clients while also re-building their hope and sense of worthiness so that they may feel good and safe while moving past their comfort zones. (NOTE: Please see the website for my staff's bios. Currently accepting insurances & self-pay clients for my staff.)
(484) 702-6205 View (484) 702-6205
Photo of Yamilca Rosado Ziegler, MACC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Yamilca Rosado Ziegler
Pre-Licensed Professional, MACC
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018  (Online Only)
Feeling lost, anxious, discouraged, or just looking for a change? You have found the right place. I strive to create a welcoming environment where individuals feel that they can be and explore their true selves. As a client, you should expect to have a collaborative relationship where you can find support and encouragement and experience individual growth. As humans, we are all similar and different in many ways, and I believe anyone can achieve mental wellness if given the right tools and provided a space where they feel heard.
Feeling lost, anxious, discouraged, or just looking for a change? You have found the right place. I strive to create a welcoming environment where individuals feel that they can be and explore their true selves. As a client, you should expect to have a collaborative relationship where you can find support and encouragement and experience individual growth. As humans, we are all similar and different in many ways, and I believe anyone can achieve mental wellness if given the right tools and provided a space where they feel heard.
(484) 562-4799 View (484) 562-4799
Photo of P. Myria Bailey Whitcomb, LMSW, MDiv, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
P. Myria Bailey Whitcomb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MDiv
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18017
Today, the world is moving very fast, often not allowing individuals time to do self-care, self-reflection, or personal/family needs assessments. I can help you slow the pace down and focus on your individual or group needs. For others, the world is unrecognizable, adjusting has become complex, and adaptation has proven complicated. My role is to help you find yourself and your strengths amid life, emotional, psychological, relational, spiritual, and physical challenges.
Today, the world is moving very fast, often not allowing individuals time to do self-care, self-reflection, or personal/family needs assessments. I can help you slow the pace down and focus on your individual or group needs. For others, the world is unrecognizable, adjusting has become complex, and adaptation has proven complicated. My role is to help you find yourself and your strengths amid life, emotional, psychological, relational, spiritual, and physical challenges.
(215) 607-8698 View (215) 607-8698
Photo of Anastasia Hall, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anastasia Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I'm so glad you're here. Whether it's due to a life transition, experiencing anxiety or depression, or navigating issues within a relationship, everyone can benefit from therapy at one point or another. So many of us find ourselves feeling stuck, struggling to navigate our emotions, or simply wanting someone to process with. In our time together, my goal is that you feel comfortable to share your journey with me, and are ready to make changes to foster growth.
I'm so glad you're here. Whether it's due to a life transition, experiencing anxiety or depression, or navigating issues within a relationship, everyone can benefit from therapy at one point or another. So many of us find ourselves feeling stuck, struggling to navigate our emotions, or simply wanting someone to process with. In our time together, my goal is that you feel comfortable to share your journey with me, and are ready to make changes to foster growth.
(484) 897-6219 View (484) 897-6219
Photo of Kayla Schubert-Wirth, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kayla Schubert-Wirth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I know how infuriating it can be to find a therapist you can connect with, as I have personally fired 6 out of 7 of my own therapists. It’s important to note that I’m not your “typical therapist” (I dye my hair bright colors, will curse with you during sessions, and actively compete in powerlifting).
I know how infuriating it can be to find a therapist you can connect with, as I have personally fired 6 out of 7 of my own therapists. It’s important to note that I’m not your “typical therapist” (I dye my hair bright colors, will curse with you during sessions, and actively compete in powerlifting).
(484) 930-1006 View (484) 930-1006
Photo of Don R Brown - Don Brown, Christian Counselor, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Don Brown, Christian Counselor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18020
I believe my non-judgmental and warm demeanor allows people to feel at ease and more willing to share issues that lead them to seek counsel. While I am trained in counseling theories and techniques, I believe using the Bible as the fundamental guide in exploring the emotions that often paralyze our daily lives and relationships. Self reflection, forgiveness, effective communications, healthy boundaries and expectations all play a role in finding a sense of peace within ourselves and our relationships.
I believe my non-judgmental and warm demeanor allows people to feel at ease and more willing to share issues that lead them to seek counsel. While I am trained in counseling theories and techniques, I believe using the Bible as the fundamental guide in exploring the emotions that often paralyze our daily lives and relationships. Self reflection, forgiveness, effective communications, healthy boundaries and expectations all play a role in finding a sense of peace within ourselves and our relationships.
(908) 364-5705 View (908) 364-5705
Photo of Jessica Jimenez, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Jimenez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018  (Online Only)
Thank you for taking the important step towards seeking mental health support. My name is Jessica Jimenez, and I am a licensed social worker with over 20 years of experience in the field. I have worked with individuals across all age ranges, employing evidence-based therapy to support children, adolescents, couples, and families. Your journey to mental health is important, and I am here to support you every step of the way. Tengo servicos en Espanol.
Thank you for taking the important step towards seeking mental health support. My name is Jessica Jimenez, and I am a licensed social worker with over 20 years of experience in the field. I have worked with individuals across all age ranges, employing evidence-based therapy to support children, adolescents, couples, and families. Your journey to mental health is important, and I am here to support you every step of the way. Tengo servicos en Espanol.
(272) 200-4827 View (272) 200-4827
Photo of Dr. Adila Cosgrove - Anwari Counseling Services LLC, PhD, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anwari Counseling Services LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Hi there, we are glad to see you taking the first step towards finding a therapist. At Anwari Counseling Services we believe in the power of diversity to provide comprehensive and tailored mental health care. Our team of experienced therapists come from varied backgrounds and possesses a wide range of specialties, ensuring that we can meet the unique needs of every individual who walks through our doors. The diversity allows us to offer a broad spectrum of therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Child and Adolescent, Family and Couples Counseling, Trauma Informed care and EMDR therapy.
Hi there, we are glad to see you taking the first step towards finding a therapist. At Anwari Counseling Services we believe in the power of diversity to provide comprehensive and tailored mental health care. Our team of experienced therapists come from varied backgrounds and possesses a wide range of specialties, ensuring that we can meet the unique needs of every individual who walks through our doors. The diversity allows us to offer a broad spectrum of therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Child and Adolescent, Family and Couples Counseling, Trauma Informed care and EMDR therapy.
(610) 590-8315 View (610) 590-8315
Photo of Jennifer Constanos - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18015
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(484) 559-8309 x1 View (484) 559-8309 x1
Photo of Dean Alexander Manning - A New Dawn Psychotherapy Associates, LLC, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
A New Dawn Psychotherapy Associates, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I work predominantly with individual adults of varying backgrounds and needs. I have historically emphasized work with sexual and gender minorities, including those who are LGBTQ or practicing ethical non-monogamy. I have additional experience working with conditions including but not limited to depression, anxiety, trauma, and ADHD.
I work predominantly with individual adults of varying backgrounds and needs. I have historically emphasized work with sexual and gender minorities, including those who are LGBTQ or practicing ethical non-monogamy. I have additional experience working with conditions including but not limited to depression, anxiety, trauma, and ADHD.
(484) 930-3641 View (484) 930-3641
Photo of Dinnette A Medina, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dinnette A Medina
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18015
Dinnette A. Medina is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania. She earned both her Bachelor of Arts in Clinical Psychology and Masters of Arts in Marriage, Couple, and Family Counseling from Kutztown University. Some other passions include supporting women’s empowerment workshops on several different platforms, conducting conversations and training related to various topics such as self-care, human sexuality, trauma awareness, and life balance.
Dinnette A. Medina is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania. She earned both her Bachelor of Arts in Clinical Psychology and Masters of Arts in Marriage, Couple, and Family Counseling from Kutztown University. Some other passions include supporting women’s empowerment workshops on several different platforms, conducting conversations and training related to various topics such as self-care, human sexuality, trauma awareness, and life balance.
(484) 474-5857 View (484) 474-5857
Photo of Rana Dimmig - A New Dawn Psychotherapy Associates, MSS , MLSP, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
A New Dawn Psychotherapy Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS , MLSP, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Rana has extensive experience working with adults, couples, children and their families in a variety of clinical settings. She has pursued additional certification and training in trauma, mediation, family issues, and attachment. She performs immigration evaluations and assessments for families seeking fertility assistance. Rana works with clients that struggle with depression, anxiety, grief/loss, life changes, employment issues, interpersonal and relationship problems as well as trauma. She uses cognitive behavioral, narrative, and psychodynamic techniques to help people meet their individual goals for therapy.
Rana has extensive experience working with adults, couples, children and their families in a variety of clinical settings. She has pursued additional certification and training in trauma, mediation, family issues, and attachment. She performs immigration evaluations and assessments for families seeking fertility assistance. Rana works with clients that struggle with depression, anxiety, grief/loss, life changes, employment issues, interpersonal and relationship problems as well as trauma. She uses cognitive behavioral, narrative, and psychodynamic techniques to help people meet their individual goals for therapy.
(484) 469-9161 View (484) 469-9161
Photo of Jennifer Bruno, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Bruno
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Welcome, my name is Jennifer. Have you found yourself feeling fatigued, stressed and/or overwhelmed? Are you feeling conflicted and/or confused? Struggling with adapting to a recent change or making some tough but necessary decisions? Do you sometimes feel lost, alone, rejected, betrayed or brokenhearted? Find yourself stuck in the past, trapped in the present or worried about the future? If you answered yes to any of the questions listed above, there is hope. I believe change is possible through self awareness, education and consistent application of skills learned.
Welcome, my name is Jennifer. Have you found yourself feeling fatigued, stressed and/or overwhelmed? Are you feeling conflicted and/or confused? Struggling with adapting to a recent change or making some tough but necessary decisions? Do you sometimes feel lost, alone, rejected, betrayed or brokenhearted? Find yourself stuck in the past, trapped in the present or worried about the future? If you answered yes to any of the questions listed above, there is hope. I believe change is possible through self awareness, education and consistent application of skills learned.
(610) 557-3546 View (610) 557-3546
Photo of Nicole Watts - Baker Street Behavioral Health, PhD, PsyD, LCSW, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Baker Street Behavioral Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, PsyD, LCSW, LPC
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018  (Online Only)
Baker Street Behavioral Health is a team of high-quality clinicians who treat all ages, from childhood through adulthood. Our clinicians incorporate a whole-person approach into each service we provide. Our unique, comprehensive programs are designed to improve overall health and well-being. Our clinicians emphasize the use of traditional, cutting-edge, and empirically supported therapies.
Baker Street Behavioral Health is a team of high-quality clinicians who treat all ages, from childhood through adulthood. Our clinicians incorporate a whole-person approach into each service we provide. Our unique, comprehensive programs are designed to improve overall health and well-being. Our clinicians emphasize the use of traditional, cutting-edge, and empirically supported therapies.
(267) 382-5052 View (267) 382-5052
Photo of Patrick Hoolahan, PsyD, Psychologist
Patrick Hoolahan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
If you're experiencing problems with trauma, substance use, anxiety or OCD, I can help. I work particularly well with those who have experienced ongoing abuse or repeated exposure to traumatic events, as well as veterans. My goal is to be collaborative, supportive, value-focused, and directed toward goals we agree on. Each treatment is tailored to each client, so I focus on getting to know you and how you want to live your life, and what is stopping you. Find out how evidence-based treatment can improve your life!
If you're experiencing problems with trauma, substance use, anxiety or OCD, I can help. I work particularly well with those who have experienced ongoing abuse or repeated exposure to traumatic events, as well as veterans. My goal is to be collaborative, supportive, value-focused, and directed toward goals we agree on. Each treatment is tailored to each client, so I focus on getting to know you and how you want to live your life, and what is stopping you. Find out how evidence-based treatment can improve your life!
(484) 207-5534 View (484) 207-5534
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bethlehem, PA

300+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Bethlehem, PA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
91% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Highmark
79% Aetna
68% Capital Blue Cross

How Therapists in Bethlehem, PA see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bethlehem?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.