Therapists in Portland, ME

View neighborhoods in Portland
Photo of Brenna O’Sullivan, Clinical Professional Counselor in Portland, ME
Brenna O’Sullivan
Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CRC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04104  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that all people are doing the best they can with the resources they have at the time. A good therapeutic fit could be just the resource you need to take your growth or healing into a new phase. Finding the right therapist can be a challenge, and I’m honored you are considering connecting with me. I am committed to creating an empowering space for you to tap into the tools, values, and beliefs already within that can help you thrive. I am especially passionate about holding space for Gen Z’ers, Neurodivergent folks or those exploring diagnoses, and folks healing from trauma and challenging family dynamics.
I believe that all people are doing the best they can with the resources they have at the time. A good therapeutic fit could be just the resource you need to take your growth or healing into a new phase. Finding the right therapist can be a challenge, and I’m honored you are considering connecting with me. I am committed to creating an empowering space for you to tap into the tools, values, and beliefs already within that can help you thrive. I am especially passionate about holding space for Gen Z’ers, Neurodivergent folks or those exploring diagnoses, and folks healing from trauma and challenging family dynamics.
(207) 506-2740 View (207) 506-2740
Photo of Jamie Larsen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, ME
Jamie Larsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PMH-C, IMH-E
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you a woman struggling with the complexities of biological, environmental, societal and relational pressures? Or, are you having difficulty with the demands of life and feeling physically, mentally, and emotionally exhausted? You are not alone in this. As women, we live in a society that constantly implies that who we are isn’t enough. But, change is possible. Over the years I’ve developed a specialty working with women who are pregnant or have recently given birth, are struggling with depression, anxiety or self-esteem, or who have a history of experiencing childhood trauma. Oftentimes, my clients identify with all of these.
Are you a woman struggling with the complexities of biological, environmental, societal and relational pressures? Or, are you having difficulty with the demands of life and feeling physically, mentally, and emotionally exhausted? You are not alone in this. As women, we live in a society that constantly implies that who we are isn’t enough. But, change is possible. Over the years I’ve developed a specialty working with women who are pregnant or have recently given birth, are struggling with depression, anxiety or self-esteem, or who have a history of experiencing childhood trauma. Oftentimes, my clients identify with all of these.
(207) 605-5050 View (207) 605-5050
Photo of Amanda Atkinson-Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, ME
Amanda Atkinson-Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04102
I specialize in working with clients living with Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, substance abuse, and/or loss. You will find me to be a compassionate, insightful and relatable therapist, who will accept you as you are and meet you where you are at. I work with clients to find their way through challenging life transitions and events with warmth, encouragement, clinical solidity and strengths based and proactive approaches. I also support clients who are at a point in their lives where they are feeling ready to reflect on past life events, as a way to better understand themselves and navigate life into the future.
I specialize in working with clients living with Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, substance abuse, and/or loss. You will find me to be a compassionate, insightful and relatable therapist, who will accept you as you are and meet you where you are at. I work with clients to find their way through challenging life transitions and events with warmth, encouragement, clinical solidity and strengths based and proactive approaches. I also support clients who are at a point in their lives where they are feeling ready to reflect on past life events, as a way to better understand themselves and navigate life into the future.
(207) 436-8091 View (207) 436-8091
Photo of Rebecca Traub, Art Therapist in Portland, ME
Rebecca Traub
Art Therapist, LCPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101
I am grateful to welcome you to my art therapy and mental health counseling practice. I help clients use creative expression as a way to understand Self. My philosophy is rooted in personal empowerment and identity development through connecting with your own inner wisdom. My approach is holistic, client centered and trauma-informed with a focus on helping you access personal freedom, fulfillment and deep connection to self/others. I understand that the experiences from your past do not define you and I will help you discover the growth opportunities hiding inside the challenges you have faced.
I am grateful to welcome you to my art therapy and mental health counseling practice. I help clients use creative expression as a way to understand Self. My philosophy is rooted in personal empowerment and identity development through connecting with your own inner wisdom. My approach is holistic, client centered and trauma-informed with a focus on helping you access personal freedom, fulfillment and deep connection to self/others. I understand that the experiences from your past do not define you and I will help you discover the growth opportunities hiding inside the challenges you have faced.
(207) 464-2410 View (207) 464-2410
Photo of Maddalena (Maddy) Chiappetta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, ME
Maddalena (Maddy) Chiappetta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-CC
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04103
Currently accepting MaineCare clients for January 2024. My purpose is to create a consistent, trauma-informed setting where we connect, share, and grow. My therapeutic concentrations include anxiety & depression, trauma, ADHD, the autism spectrum, educational challenges, aging, substance use, and stress related to government & policy. I am a believer in using creative methods such such as drawing, painting, and music to get our minds moving. I am especially a believer in the power of fresh air and am likely to ask if you would be interested in meeting in the park on a nice day. I love riding my bicycle and do sewing in my free time.
Currently accepting MaineCare clients for January 2024. My purpose is to create a consistent, trauma-informed setting where we connect, share, and grow. My therapeutic concentrations include anxiety & depression, trauma, ADHD, the autism spectrum, educational challenges, aging, substance use, and stress related to government & policy. I am a believer in using creative methods such such as drawing, painting, and music to get our minds moving. I am especially a believer in the power of fresh air and am likely to ask if you would be interested in meeting in the park on a nice day. I love riding my bicycle and do sewing in my free time.
(207) 503-2230 View (207) 503-2230
Photo of Esme Grunglasse Beacon Behavior, Counselor in Portland, ME
Esme Grunglasse Beacon Behavior
Counselor, LCPC, LMHC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04103
My passion is helping people to excel and to find their inner potential. I provide services for people of all ages and stages of life. Children and adolescents, adults and the elderly. I use an eclectic approach, because I believe in the uniqueness of each person. My approach to clients with addiction problems is non-judgmental. We work in a cooperative manner to identify roads to success. I am currently accepting MaineCare clients for counseling, community integration, case management for children and their families, and case management for adults with mental health disorder, experiencing homelessness, and substance abuse disorder
My passion is helping people to excel and to find their inner potential. I provide services for people of all ages and stages of life. Children and adolescents, adults and the elderly. I use an eclectic approach, because I believe in the uniqueness of each person. My approach to clients with addiction problems is non-judgmental. We work in a cooperative manner to identify roads to success. I am currently accepting MaineCare clients for counseling, community integration, case management for children and their families, and case management for adults with mental health disorder, experiencing homelessness, and substance abuse disorder
(207) 945-8669 View (207) 945-8669
Photo of Laren Corrin, Counselor in Portland, ME
Laren Corrin
Counselor, LCPC-C
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04101
Not accepting new clients
Distressed about your relationship? Feeling anxious or overwhelmed? Hopeless or broken? Is it psychosis or spiritual? You are welcome to come as you are with your full range of feelings. We can work to uncover what is at the core and driving your distress with a goal of personal transformation or identify other goals of your choosing. I have a special interest in exploring and integrating the lasting impact of spiritual, kundalini, entheogen/psychedelic, and other extreme experiences that are frequently misdiagnosed as mental illness.
Distressed about your relationship? Feeling anxious or overwhelmed? Hopeless or broken? Is it psychosis or spiritual? You are welcome to come as you are with your full range of feelings. We can work to uncover what is at the core and driving your distress with a goal of personal transformation or identify other goals of your choosing. I have a special interest in exploring and integrating the lasting impact of spiritual, kundalini, entheogen/psychedelic, and other extreme experiences that are frequently misdiagnosed as mental illness.
(207) 771-5641 View (207) 771-5641
Photo of Gordon Krantz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, ME
Gordon Krantz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101  (Online Only)
You can bring anything to the table and I will accept you as you are. I will listen and provide a warm, supportive and caring approach to therapy. My goal is to provide therapy that is suited to your needs.
You can bring anything to the table and I will accept you as you are. I will listen and provide a warm, supportive and caring approach to therapy. My goal is to provide therapy that is suited to your needs.
(207) 389-3245 View (207) 389-3245
Photo of Evergreen Psychological Services, Psychologist in Portland, ME
Evergreen Psychological Services
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101  (Online Only)
My clients often start therapy feeling anxious, self-critical, and disconnected from themselves. If this sounds like you, we can work collaboratively to understand your unique patterns of thinking, feeling, and relating to yourself and others. We can work towards shifting any patterns that are no longer helping you and will tailor our approach to your specific needs. We can discuss your past, present, and future. I bring a sense of curiosity, warmth, and humor to my work and invite you to bring your authentic self to the room as well.
My clients often start therapy feeling anxious, self-critical, and disconnected from themselves. If this sounds like you, we can work collaboratively to understand your unique patterns of thinking, feeling, and relating to yourself and others. We can work towards shifting any patterns that are no longer helping you and will tailor our approach to your specific needs. We can discuss your past, present, and future. I bring a sense of curiosity, warmth, and humor to my work and invite you to bring your authentic self to the room as well.
(207) 605-8642 View (207) 605-8642
Photo of Katie Coleman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portland, ME
Katie Coleman
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCPC-c
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101
Howdy! Quick note: I am building my waitlist as my licensure pends - reach out to consult with me if you would like to be added to this list! I work with individuals, couples including non-romantic duos (i.e. friends, co-workers, etc.), and groups. I exercise the belief that you contain the knowledge of what is best for you, which you can access with compassionate accompaniment. I aim to foster an environment that is safe, non-judgmental, and trusting, where you can show up authentically, be regarded vulnerably, and explore and experiment honestly. Depathologizing/decolonizing frameworks are continuously considered in how I work.
Howdy! Quick note: I am building my waitlist as my licensure pends - reach out to consult with me if you would like to be added to this list! I work with individuals, couples including non-romantic duos (i.e. friends, co-workers, etc.), and groups. I exercise the belief that you contain the knowledge of what is best for you, which you can access with compassionate accompaniment. I aim to foster an environment that is safe, non-judgmental, and trusting, where you can show up authentically, be regarded vulnerably, and explore and experiment honestly. Depathologizing/decolonizing frameworks are continuously considered in how I work.
(207) 843-3220 View (207) 843-3220
Photo of Elizabeth Ann Miles, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, ME
Elizabeth Ann Miles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04102
I am a LCSW providing evidence-based, systems-oriented counseling. I have an excellent record assisting people in maintaining positive changes. As a therapist, I am more directive than passive in style, and quickly work to assess goals, and create an individualized treatment plan to address barriers. Treatment modalities include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (including TF-CBT, ACT, and Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy), MATCH, CollaborativePS, Solution-Focused Therapy, Parenting Support, Anxiety Treatment, Motivational Interviewing, Art and Narrative Therapy.
I am a LCSW providing evidence-based, systems-oriented counseling. I have an excellent record assisting people in maintaining positive changes. As a therapist, I am more directive than passive in style, and quickly work to assess goals, and create an individualized treatment plan to address barriers. Treatment modalities include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (including TF-CBT, ACT, and Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy), MATCH, CollaborativePS, Solution-Focused Therapy, Parenting Support, Anxiety Treatment, Motivational Interviewing, Art and Narrative Therapy.
(207) 618-9437 View (207) 618-9437
Photo of Mike McEnaney, Counselor in Portland, ME
Mike McEnaney
Counselor, CCPC
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04102
I understand that life is really hard sometimes. Life can break a heart, and yet, with support, it can also open it up. Life's challenges can open your heart to the world and new perspectives. Knowing that both can exist at the same time, the pain and suffering as well as the beauty and joy. Sometimes we have to sit in the pain we can't control or solve. That acceptance is scary and ultimately freeing. It provides clarity and allows you to be with what is. We've been taught that 'bad' emotions must be pushed away.
I understand that life is really hard sometimes. Life can break a heart, and yet, with support, it can also open it up. Life's challenges can open your heart to the world and new perspectives. Knowing that both can exist at the same time, the pain and suffering as well as the beauty and joy. Sometimes we have to sit in the pain we can't control or solve. That acceptance is scary and ultimately freeing. It provides clarity and allows you to be with what is. We've been taught that 'bad' emotions must be pushed away.
(207) 819-9491 View (207) 819-9491
Photo of Ian Whitmore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, ME
Ian Whitmore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04103
Current Pro Bono openings for individuals open to working with a student. Countless young people have reported feeling like their trauma is their fault, that they feel guilty or shameful of having been victimized. If you're experiencing anger, shame, fear, guilt, anxiety, or depression related to an experience out of your control, we can work together to put you back in control of your life. Familial conflict or transitions interfering with your relationship with your teen? Lets work together to figure out how to meet everyone's needs and meet balance.
Current Pro Bono openings for individuals open to working with a student. Countless young people have reported feeling like their trauma is their fault, that they feel guilty or shameful of having been victimized. If you're experiencing anger, shame, fear, guilt, anxiety, or depression related to an experience out of your control, we can work together to put you back in control of your life. Familial conflict or transitions interfering with your relationship with your teen? Lets work together to figure out how to meet everyone's needs and meet balance.
(207) 640-2262 View (207) 640-2262
Photo of Curtis M Scribner Jr., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, ME
Curtis M Scribner Jr.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LADC
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04103
I have developed strong evidence-based therapeutic skills in Acceptance and Commitment and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Treatment and Structural Family Therapy. These modalities help me support individuals and families to learn and grow towards what is meaningful and valuable in their lives.
I have developed strong evidence-based therapeutic skills in Acceptance and Commitment and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Treatment and Structural Family Therapy. These modalities help me support individuals and families to learn and grow towards what is meaningful and valuable in their lives.
(207) 518-7647 View (207) 518-7647
Photo of Rachael Mathieu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, ME
Rachael Mathieu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04101
Not accepting new clients
I am a white queer femme, seasoned social worker and therapist committed to learning and unlearning, interested in our collective and individual healing. I believe tending to our emotional health is a radical act because we live in a society that profits from feelings of self-doubt. When we care for ourselves, we can be more present for each other. My career has shown me over and over the power of vulnerability and the beauty of resiliency. I have a commitment to working within the LGBTQAI+ as well as supporting mental health and healthcare professionals/care workers/educators and organizers.
I am a white queer femme, seasoned social worker and therapist committed to learning and unlearning, interested in our collective and individual healing. I believe tending to our emotional health is a radical act because we live in a society that profits from feelings of self-doubt. When we care for ourselves, we can be more present for each other. My career has shown me over and over the power of vulnerability and the beauty of resiliency. I have a commitment to working within the LGBTQAI+ as well as supporting mental health and healthcare professionals/care workers/educators and organizers.
(207) 802-7491 View (207) 802-7491
Photo of Caroline Cleary, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portland, ME
Caroline Cleary
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04102
Life is a journey full of a wide array of experiences. Some experiences feed us, test us, motivate us, challenge us, and still others may confuse and discourage us. Asking for help to navigate life’s many varied challenges is a wise and courageous step toward becoming the person you want to be. As a counselor, I seek to create a collaborative, trusting relationship with clients through which to explore, heal, and cope with life’s many surprises.
Life is a journey full of a wide array of experiences. Some experiences feed us, test us, motivate us, challenge us, and still others may confuse and discourage us. Asking for help to navigate life’s many varied challenges is a wise and courageous step toward becoming the person you want to be. As a counselor, I seek to create a collaborative, trusting relationship with clients through which to explore, heal, and cope with life’s many surprises.
(207) 819-8121 View (207) 819-8121
Photo of Sarah Donat - Women's Mental Health, Occupational Therapist in Portland, ME
Sarah Donat - Women's Mental Health
Occupational Therapist, MOT, OTR/L
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04102
My practice focuses on women’s mental health. I provide women with the support they need to decrease their mental load, foster a closer relationship to their true selves and learn to harness their emotional and physical wellness with actionable steps. Come to evaluate yourself, your life, your parenthood journey (if applicable), your menstrual health, and its impact on your well-being. This intensive work is intended to send you back to your daily life on strong footing. Please plan for an initial two hour session. This is an intensive practice that honors the time and focus it takes to make lasting changes to your life.
My practice focuses on women’s mental health. I provide women with the support they need to decrease their mental load, foster a closer relationship to their true selves and learn to harness their emotional and physical wellness with actionable steps. Come to evaluate yourself, your life, your parenthood journey (if applicable), your menstrual health, and its impact on your well-being. This intensive work is intended to send you back to your daily life on strong footing. Please plan for an initial two hour session. This is an intensive practice that honors the time and focus it takes to make lasting changes to your life.
(207) 900-2957 View (207) 900-2957
Photo of Aura Russell-Bedder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, ME
Aura Russell-Bedder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04103
Not accepting new clients
I have worked with individuals and families across the lifespan, from preschool aged to end of life, over the past twenty years. I currently work with adults, using a holistic, strengths-based approach. Some modalities I weave into my work are Acceptance and Commitment therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and mindfulness practices. I can also offer outdoor sessions to allow an opportunity to walk in nature while talking.
I have worked with individuals and families across the lifespan, from preschool aged to end of life, over the past twenty years. I currently work with adults, using a holistic, strengths-based approach. Some modalities I weave into my work are Acceptance and Commitment therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and mindfulness practices. I can also offer outdoor sessions to allow an opportunity to walk in nature while talking.
(207) 367-4973 View (207) 367-4973
Photo of Molly Tarr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, ME
Molly Tarr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04103
Not accepting new clients
I believe trust and a sense of safety is the foundation of any therapeutic relationship. My goal is to meet you where you're at with empathy, non-judgement, and skill. My background is working with adolescents and adults in treating trauma/PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, co-dependency, and disordered eating. My process is collaborative and one where you have the freedom to explore your experiences and identify your individualized needs with care and support.
I believe trust and a sense of safety is the foundation of any therapeutic relationship. My goal is to meet you where you're at with empathy, non-judgement, and skill. My background is working with adolescents and adults in treating trauma/PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, co-dependency, and disordered eating. My process is collaborative and one where you have the freedom to explore your experiences and identify your individualized needs with care and support.
(207) 640-2889 View (207) 640-2889
Photo of Holly J Bean, Counselor in Portland, ME
Holly J Bean
Counselor, PhD, LCPC, CTRS
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04103
Not accepting new clients
It is a privilege to work with you. I take my responsibility seriously, as you have put your trust in me. Partnering with you to establish goals and then creating objectives that help you attain those goals is our mission. Employing mindfulness, compassion, and the ability to deeply listen is crucial in establishing and maintaining our therapeutic relationship. I am invested.
It is a privilege to work with you. I take my responsibility seriously, as you have put your trust in me. Partnering with you to establish goals and then creating objectives that help you attain those goals is our mission. Employing mindfulness, compassion, and the ability to deeply listen is crucial in establishing and maintaining our therapeutic relationship. I am invested.
(207) 762-8438 x17 View (207) 762-8438 x17

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portland, ME

900+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Portland, ME who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Anthem | Elevance
57% BlueCross and BlueShield
56% Aetna

How Therapists in Portland, ME see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.