Therapists in South Portland, ME

Photo of Lauryn Bissonnette, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Lauryn Bissonnette
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
South Portland, ME 04106
Lauryn specializes in treating anxiety, depression, and PTSD/trauma, while also supporting a range of additional mental health needs. She integrates evidence-based approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and parenting skills to help clients better understand their thoughts, regulate emotions, and strengthen coping strategies. Her work is tailored to each developmental stage, and she has particular experience working with children, adolescents, and teens, as well as adults and seniors.
Lauryn specializes in treating anxiety, depression, and PTSD/trauma, while also supporting a range of additional mental health needs. She integrates evidence-based approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and parenting skills to help clients better understand their thoughts, regulate emotions, and strengthen coping strategies. Her work is tailored to each developmental stage, and she has particular experience working with children, adolescents, and teens, as well as adults and seniors.
(207) 707-6497 View (207) 707-6497
Photo of Susan Elizabeth Shaw, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Susan Elizabeth Shaw
Counselor, MA, LCPC
South Portland, ME 04106
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with offices in South Portland, Maine. I received a Masters Degree from Lesley University in Cambridge and have completed additional training in several fields including: Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Dialectical Behavior Therapy; Suicide Prevention; Culturally Competent Care for Adolescents; Assessment and Treatment of Attachment, Trauma, and Addiction; The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Brain Development; and Clinical Management of Sleep Disorders. I have post-graduate training in filial therapy and play therapy. I welcome adults and adolescents.
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with offices in South Portland, Maine. I received a Masters Degree from Lesley University in Cambridge and have completed additional training in several fields including: Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Dialectical Behavior Therapy; Suicide Prevention; Culturally Competent Care for Adolescents; Assessment and Treatment of Attachment, Trauma, and Addiction; The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Brain Development; and Clinical Management of Sleep Disorders. I have post-graduate training in filial therapy and play therapy. I welcome adults and adolescents.
(207) 489-8603 View (207) 489-8603
Photo of Deb Hamilton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Deb Hamilton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
South Portland, ME 04106
Not accepting new clients
Feeling anxious, burnt out and overwhelmed? Lost someone close to you, or have had a change in your life and you’re feeling depressed or stuck? Time is precious and you deserve to live your best life. Let’s explore what that looks like for you, uncover patterns in your life that may not be healthy, and build on your strengths. Take the first step to wellness. Contact me. Let’s talk and see if it’s a good fit.
Feeling anxious, burnt out and overwhelmed? Lost someone close to you, or have had a change in your life and you’re feeling depressed or stuck? Time is precious and you deserve to live your best life. Let’s explore what that looks like for you, uncover patterns in your life that may not be healthy, and build on your strengths. Take the first step to wellness. Contact me. Let’s talk and see if it’s a good fit.
(207) 742-1873 View (207) 742-1873
Photo of Howland Bickerstaff, Counselor, LCPC, LADC, CCS
Howland Bickerstaff
Counselor, LCPC, LADC, CCS
South Portland, ME 04106
Howland is a seasoned Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder professional, who also holds certifications in EMDR, ACT and Callahan TFT, now known as EFT and/or the Tapping Solution. He has been in recovery from alcohol & drug addiction for 44+ years and from tobacco addiction for 34+ years. He has experience in working with people in the LGBTQ community, and extensive experience working with people who have experienced simple or complex trauma in either childhood or adulthood. Note: When you use the 207-295-7963 number I can't respond in a text format - only with phone or e-mail.
Howland is a seasoned Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder professional, who also holds certifications in EMDR, ACT and Callahan TFT, now known as EFT and/or the Tapping Solution. He has been in recovery from alcohol & drug addiction for 44+ years and from tobacco addiction for 34+ years. He has experience in working with people in the LGBTQ community, and extensive experience working with people who have experienced simple or complex trauma in either childhood or adulthood. Note: When you use the 207-295-7963 number I can't respond in a text format - only with phone or e-mail.
(207) 672-2524 View (207) 672-2524
Photo of Dr. Gabriel Garza Sada, Psychologist, PhD, LP
Dr. Gabriel Garza Sada
Psychologist, PhD, LP
South Portland, ME 04106
Dr. Gabriel Garza is a Psychologist in Maine who has been practicing in the mental health field conducting therapy and psychological testing with children, adolescents, and adults since 2012. During his training, Dr. Garza has worked in a university counseling center, the outpatient and inpatient branches of hospitals, a middle and high school setting, and in outpatient clinics conducting therapy and testing services. Dr. Garza does his best to connect with every client’s struggles, strengths, and interests to establish a safe and trusting relationship. Dr.
Dr. Gabriel Garza is a Psychologist in Maine who has been practicing in the mental health field conducting therapy and psychological testing with children, adolescents, and adults since 2012. During his training, Dr. Garza has worked in a university counseling center, the outpatient and inpatient branches of hospitals, a middle and high school setting, and in outpatient clinics conducting therapy and testing services. Dr. Garza does his best to connect with every client’s struggles, strengths, and interests to establish a safe and trusting relationship. Dr.
(207) 804-8495 View (207) 804-8495
Photo of Quynn W Morehouse, Psychologist, PsyD
Quynn W Morehouse
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
South Portland, ME 04106
CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS IN PERSON AND TELEHEALTH! I provide individual therapy to adolescents and adults. I have extensive experience working with a wide range of personal and mental health issues, which include: anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, phobias, sleep disorders, grief/bereavement, sexual orientation/gender issues, trauma/abuse, disordered eating, substance abuse, self-esteem, academic/career struggles, and relationship/interpersonal issues. I also have a special interest in women's issues including family planning, pregnancy and postpartum.
CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS IN PERSON AND TELEHEALTH! I provide individual therapy to adolescents and adults. I have extensive experience working with a wide range of personal and mental health issues, which include: anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, phobias, sleep disorders, grief/bereavement, sexual orientation/gender issues, trauma/abuse, disordered eating, substance abuse, self-esteem, academic/career struggles, and relationship/interpersonal issues. I also have a special interest in women's issues including family planning, pregnancy and postpartum.
(207) 517-2829 View (207) 517-2829
Photo of Eliza Dunne, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW-CC
Eliza Dunne
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW-CC
South Portland, ME 04106
I want to help you reconnect with yourself, with others, and with what gives your life meaning. I will help you identify unhelpful patterns of thought and behavior, improve positive self-regard, and develop emotional resilience. My approach is grounded in trust, collaboration, and a deep respect for each person's story. Operating from a belief in my clients’ strengths and capacity for growth, I strive to bring a warm and down to earth presence to my therapy sessions.
I want to help you reconnect with yourself, with others, and with what gives your life meaning. I will help you identify unhelpful patterns of thought and behavior, improve positive self-regard, and develop emotional resilience. My approach is grounded in trust, collaboration, and a deep respect for each person's story. Operating from a belief in my clients’ strengths and capacity for growth, I strive to bring a warm and down to earth presence to my therapy sessions.
(207) 386-8032 View (207) 386-8032
Photo of Laurie Fear, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, MBA
Laurie Fear
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, MBA
South Portland, ME 04106
Welcome. You’ve come to the right place. Entering recovery from addiction can feel like you've landed on a strange new planet. It's normal to feel alone, confused and vulnerable, not having a clue where to start. Forging your unique path to wellness is the journey that lies ahead. You have the ability to heal yourself, but you are not meant to do it alone. As a professional counselor with lived experience in long-term recovery, I can help to guide you forward.
Welcome. You’ve come to the right place. Entering recovery from addiction can feel like you've landed on a strange new planet. It's normal to feel alone, confused and vulnerable, not having a clue where to start. Forging your unique path to wellness is the journey that lies ahead. You have the ability to heal yourself, but you are not meant to do it alone. As a professional counselor with lived experience in long-term recovery, I can help to guide you forward.
(276) 618-3212 View (276) 618-3212
Photo of Cheyne West, Counselor, LCPC-C
Cheyne West
Counselor, LCPC-C
2 Endorsed
South Portland, ME 04106
I know life can be hard, and if you have experienced trauma it can be difficult to talk about. Sometimes a different approach is needed. As a trauma-informed, expressive art therapist, building trust and safety is always my first goal. Together, we can find creative ways to understand your inner experience and uncover new coping skills that feel aligned with your current values. I offer individual and group work. My ideal clients are curious, willing to explore, and eager to develop more compassion and a deeper understanding of self. I work with adults ages 18 and older.
I know life can be hard, and if you have experienced trauma it can be difficult to talk about. Sometimes a different approach is needed. As a trauma-informed, expressive art therapist, building trust and safety is always my first goal. Together, we can find creative ways to understand your inner experience and uncover new coping skills that feel aligned with your current values. I offer individual and group work. My ideal clients are curious, willing to explore, and eager to develop more compassion and a deeper understanding of self. I work with adults ages 18 and older.
(207) 521-9769 View (207) 521-9769
Photo of Amelia Fosler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-CC
Amelia Fosler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-CC
1 Endorsed
South Portland, ME 04106
I’m so glad you’re here! As a therapist, I work with children, adolescents, and adults navigating life transitions, stress, and healing from difficult past experiences. With prior experience supporting first responders and individuals impacted by substance use, I understand the unique challenges and resilience these experiences bring. While I support individuals facing general mental health challenges, I am especially skilled working with people struggling with anxiety and ADHD, and I enjoy helping clients better understand themselves while building practical tools for daily life.
I’m so glad you’re here! As a therapist, I work with children, adolescents, and adults navigating life transitions, stress, and healing from difficult past experiences. With prior experience supporting first responders and individuals impacted by substance use, I understand the unique challenges and resilience these experiences bring. While I support individuals facing general mental health challenges, I am especially skilled working with people struggling with anxiety and ADHD, and I enjoy helping clients better understand themselves while building practical tools for daily life.
(207) 802-5429 View (207) 802-5429
Photo of Kristen D Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kristen D Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I provide trauma-informed, neurodivergent-affirming telehealth therapy for adults — especially women and high-achieving moms who are tired of pushing through, exhausted from masking, and wanting to live more authentically. Many of my clients are capable, organized, and outwardly “high-achieving,” yet feel overwhelmed by emotional labor, chronic exhaustion, anxiety, etc. If you suspect you’re neurodivergent (ADHD, autism spectrum, or both), spent years masking, or are navigating burnout or life transitions, we should work together.
I provide trauma-informed, neurodivergent-affirming telehealth therapy for adults — especially women and high-achieving moms who are tired of pushing through, exhausted from masking, and wanting to live more authentically. Many of my clients are capable, organized, and outwardly “high-achieving,” yet feel overwhelmed by emotional labor, chronic exhaustion, anxiety, etc. If you suspect you’re neurodivergent (ADHD, autism spectrum, or both), spent years masking, or are navigating burnout or life transitions, we should work together.
(207) 640-2336 View (207) 640-2336
Photo of Emily Keef, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Emily Keef
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
South Portland, ME 04106
Emily Keef is an LCPC and CADC who has been practicing since 2016. She obtained her Master's of Science in Counseling from the University of Southern Maine, with a focus on substance use and abuse and adolescent psychology. Emily believes in a relational approach in therapy. She focuses on supporting clients with developing genuine connection and understanding of themselves, which translates to greater depth and healthy connections with others.
Emily Keef is an LCPC and CADC who has been practicing since 2016. She obtained her Master's of Science in Counseling from the University of Southern Maine, with a focus on substance use and abuse and adolescent psychology. Emily believes in a relational approach in therapy. She focuses on supporting clients with developing genuine connection and understanding of themselves, which translates to greater depth and healthy connections with others.
(207) 802-7766 View (207) 802-7766
Photo of Renee Marie Robles, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Renee Marie Robles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
South Portland, ME 04106
Hi, my name is Renee. I am an LCSW who utilizes trauma-informed care and a strength-based approach to meet my client’s needs, whether it be behavioral issues, depression, anxiety, or other struggles. I have 5 years of experience working with diverse at-risk pre-teens and teens. My preferred methods include art-inspired therapy and elements of DBT and CBT. I have expertise in providing a positive environment and developing strong rapport, specifically with those new to therapy or anxious about the process. I believe that hardship can lead to resilience and work to help my clients recognize their strengths.
Hi, my name is Renee. I am an LCSW who utilizes trauma-informed care and a strength-based approach to meet my client’s needs, whether it be behavioral issues, depression, anxiety, or other struggles. I have 5 years of experience working with diverse at-risk pre-teens and teens. My preferred methods include art-inspired therapy and elements of DBT and CBT. I have expertise in providing a positive environment and developing strong rapport, specifically with those new to therapy or anxious about the process. I believe that hardship can lead to resilience and work to help my clients recognize their strengths.
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Photo of John Kidney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
John Kidney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
South Portland, ME 04106
John Kidney, LCSW, helps individuals and families in Maine navigate life’s challenges with a compassionate, evidence-based approach tailored to each unique journey. He offers individual, couples, family, and group therapy to children, adolescents, and adults, supporting clients through a range of concerns including anxiety, depression, and life transitions. Whether working with a teen struggling in school, a young adult navigating identity, or parents seeking guidance, John creates a supportive space where healing and growth can take root.
John Kidney, LCSW, helps individuals and families in Maine navigate life’s challenges with a compassionate, evidence-based approach tailored to each unique journey. He offers individual, couples, family, and group therapy to children, adolescents, and adults, supporting clients through a range of concerns including anxiety, depression, and life transitions. Whether working with a teen struggling in school, a young adult navigating identity, or parents seeking guidance, John creates a supportive space where healing and growth can take root.
(833) 382-3778 View (833) 382-3778
Photo of Allison Stertzer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Allison Stertzer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I firmly believe in the healing power of human connection. I prioritize creating a strong therapeutic relationship in which you feel comfortable exploring your internal and external worlds without fear of judgment. I work primarily with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, questions around identity, low self-esteem, grief and loss, life transitions, and beyond. I take a collaborative approach to therapy, empowering you to achieve your goals by reflecting on your past and present experiences, gaining insight into your patterns, and discovering how to live a meaningful and authentic life.
I firmly believe in the healing power of human connection. I prioritize creating a strong therapeutic relationship in which you feel comfortable exploring your internal and external worlds without fear of judgment. I work primarily with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, questions around identity, low self-esteem, grief and loss, life transitions, and beyond. I take a collaborative approach to therapy, empowering you to achieve your goals by reflecting on your past and present experiences, gaining insight into your patterns, and discovering how to live a meaningful and authentic life.
(207) 808-7827 View (207) 808-7827
Photo of Shannon Spillane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LADC
Shannon Spillane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LADC
South Portland, ME 04106
As we grow, we all experience transitions and challenges - both internal & external - that can shake our core beliefs about ourselves, our relationships, and our sense of belonging and purpose in this world. I am passionate about helping people work through difficult times or process past experiences to rebuild their sense of self worth, develop healthy coping skills, and confidently move towards a fulfilling and authentic life. As your therapist, my goal for all my clients is to discover effective and sustainable approaches for managing your emotional and mental wellbeing. No matter where you are on your journey, you deserve peace.
As we grow, we all experience transitions and challenges - both internal & external - that can shake our core beliefs about ourselves, our relationships, and our sense of belonging and purpose in this world. I am passionate about helping people work through difficult times or process past experiences to rebuild their sense of self worth, develop healthy coping skills, and confidently move towards a fulfilling and authentic life. As your therapist, my goal for all my clients is to discover effective and sustainable approaches for managing your emotional and mental wellbeing. No matter where you are on your journey, you deserve peace.
(207) 305-4874 View (207) 305-4874
Photo of Marissa Ritz - The Family Center of Maine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCPC, LMFT
The Family Center of Maine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCPC, LMFT
South Portland, ME 04106
We are a collaborative of providers with experience in providing counseling services to children, families, individuals, and couples. The mission of The Family Center of Maine is to encourage each individual in all areas of development and stages of life. We are committed to the wellness of individuals, children, families and our community through prevention, intervention, treatment and education.
We are a collaborative of providers with experience in providing counseling services to children, families, individuals, and couples. The mission of The Family Center of Maine is to encourage each individual in all areas of development and stages of life. We are committed to the wellness of individuals, children, families and our community through prevention, intervention, treatment and education.
(207) 994-5256 View (207) 994-5256
Photo of Loren Bush, Psychologist, PsyD
Loren Bush
Psychologist, PsyD
South Portland, ME 04106
Waitlist for new clients
Currently NOT Accepting new Patients (Updated April 2026) Dr. Loren Bush received his doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from Antioch University New England. He has worked with a wide range of clients across the developmental life span in a variety of clinical settings. These include; university counselling centers, community mental health facilities for children and families, outpatient hospital settings, and private practices.
Currently NOT Accepting new Patients (Updated April 2026) Dr. Loren Bush received his doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from Antioch University New England. He has worked with a wide range of clients across the developmental life span in a variety of clinical settings. These include; university counselling centers, community mental health facilities for children and families, outpatient hospital settings, and private practices.
(207) 618-8962 View (207) 618-8962
Photo of Lauren Taylor Beckwith, Master Social Worker, LMSW-CC
Lauren Taylor Beckwith
Master Social Worker, LMSW-CC
1 Endorsed
South Portland, ME 04106
I support women who feel emotionally drained from constantly caring for others and find themselves with little energy left for their own needs. Many of the clients I work with experience persistent worry, struggle with feeling “not enough” in their bodies, and feel pressure to meet others’ expectations. These challenges are often rooted in anxiety and shaped by past trauma or difficult life experiences. I also work with women navigating the complexities of motherhood, as well as those struggling with disordered eating. In our work, I help clients feel more grounded, reduce people pleasing patterns, and build healthier ways to cope.
I support women who feel emotionally drained from constantly caring for others and find themselves with little energy left for their own needs. Many of the clients I work with experience persistent worry, struggle with feeling “not enough” in their bodies, and feel pressure to meet others’ expectations. These challenges are often rooted in anxiety and shaped by past trauma or difficult life experiences. I also work with women navigating the complexities of motherhood, as well as those struggling with disordered eating. In our work, I help clients feel more grounded, reduce people pleasing patterns, and build healthier ways to cope.
(207) 305-9943 View (207) 305-9943
Photo of Christine Quong - Bishop Health - Portland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Bishop Health - Portland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
South Portland, ME 04106
Our ideal client is someone facing persistent mental health challenges—such as treatment-resistant depression, severe anxiety, or unresolved trauma—who hasn’t found relief through traditional therapy or medication. They’re seeking innovative, evidence-based solutions and a compassionate team that truly understands co-occurring needs. They want meaningful, lasting change and a safe, supportive place to rebuild stability, confidence, and overall well-being.
Our ideal client is someone facing persistent mental health challenges—such as treatment-resistant depression, severe anxiety, or unresolved trauma—who hasn’t found relief through traditional therapy or medication. They’re seeking innovative, evidence-based solutions and a compassionate team that truly understands co-occurring needs. They want meaningful, lasting change and a safe, supportive place to rebuild stability, confidence, and overall well-being.
(207) 806-5730 View (207) 806-5730

See more therapy options for South Portland

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in South Portland, ME

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in South Portland, ME who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
90% Social Anxiety
90% Health Anxiety
90% Driving Anxiety
83% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Complex PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aetna
73% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% Anthem

How Therapists in South Portland, ME see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in South Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.