Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Gregory Mairs, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gregory Mairs
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I have an extensive professional history of working with families and couples in crisis. Many of us struggle in our relationships & find that clear communication is challenging for many reasons. The barriers may include issues with past trauma or failed attempts to find the right words during a conflict. I bring the structural therapy tools to help a family, couple, or individual recognize the triggers of their conflicts, explore past trauma & the impact it may have on the current relationship/situation, help the individual challenge automatic negative assumptions, & find a response which leads to clear communication.
I have an extensive professional history of working with families and couples in crisis. Many of us struggle in our relationships & find that clear communication is challenging for many reasons. The barriers may include issues with past trauma or failed attempts to find the right words during a conflict. I bring the structural therapy tools to help a family, couple, or individual recognize the triggers of their conflicts, explore past trauma & the impact it may have on the current relationship/situation, help the individual challenge automatic negative assumptions, & find a response which leads to clear communication.
(267) 478-1850 View (267) 478-1850
Photo of Matthew Whitehead, PsyD, Psychologist
Matthew Whitehead
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
As a psychoanalyst, I believe most of our fundamental struggles relate to patterns in our relationships and societal pressures we can't easily see or understand. I collaborate with my clients to help them use their curiosity, talents, and strengths to resolve confusion and achieve understanding and relief. My style is non-judging and genuine so clients feel comfortable talking about parts of their lives that are stressful, frustrating, and even painful. In therapy, I help clients achieve a better sense of meaning in their lives and satisfaction in their relationships, so that anxiety, depression, shame and guilt ease away.
As a psychoanalyst, I believe most of our fundamental struggles relate to patterns in our relationships and societal pressures we can't easily see or understand. I collaborate with my clients to help them use their curiosity, talents, and strengths to resolve confusion and achieve understanding and relief. My style is non-judging and genuine so clients feel comfortable talking about parts of their lives that are stressful, frustrating, and even painful. In therapy, I help clients achieve a better sense of meaning in their lives and satisfaction in their relationships, so that anxiety, depression, shame and guilt ease away.
(484) 546-4359 View (484) 546-4359
A Bartko
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Seeking an intentional space for healing and discovery is a meaningful choice. Through curiosity, warmth, and honesty, I work collaboratively to support clients in connecting their history, relationships, environment, to their current challenges and future goals. I believe that all of our stories are contextual, therefore I work towards identifying oppression-based barriers and explore the environmental impact through an anti-oppressive and liberation lens. My focus is to create a space where you can be empowered, express your pain, learn new ways of coping, and continue to grow into your most authentic self.
Seeking an intentional space for healing and discovery is a meaningful choice. Through curiosity, warmth, and honesty, I work collaboratively to support clients in connecting their history, relationships, environment, to their current challenges and future goals. I believe that all of our stories are contextual, therefore I work towards identifying oppression-based barriers and explore the environmental impact through an anti-oppressive and liberation lens. My focus is to create a space where you can be empowered, express your pain, learn new ways of coping, and continue to grow into your most authentic self.
(267) 352-3755 View (267) 352-3755
Photo of Katelyn Jakubovic - Awakening Counseling & Consulting LLC, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Awakening Counseling & Consulting LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Weekend Openings Right Now Only: Over my time in practice, I have come to learn that much of our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors stem from parental figures and relationships, childhood experiences, significant life events, as well as responses to the here and now. My goal is to work collaboratively with you, to support you, and to assist you in attending to what you feel is important through the cultivation of a strength-based, empathetic, and warm environment.
Weekend Openings Right Now Only: Over my time in practice, I have come to learn that much of our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors stem from parental figures and relationships, childhood experiences, significant life events, as well as responses to the here and now. My goal is to work collaboratively with you, to support you, and to assist you in attending to what you feel is important through the cultivation of a strength-based, empathetic, and warm environment.
(267) 490-3584 View (267) 490-3584
Photo of Meaghan Marron, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meaghan Marron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Are you experiencing concerns with anxiety or depression? Are your goals to lead a more fulfilled and satisfied life, increase your self-esteem, and develop self-awareness of the barriers and triggers in your life? Are you committed to making changes and being a collaborative member of your treatment plan?
Are you experiencing concerns with anxiety or depression? Are your goals to lead a more fulfilled and satisfied life, increase your self-esteem, and develop self-awareness of the barriers and triggers in your life? Are you committed to making changes and being a collaborative member of your treatment plan?
(267) 710-9044 View (267) 710-9044
Photo of Amy Bowers, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Bowers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Everyone experiences life differently, and at times, trying to figure out how to handle these experiences can become overwhelming. My goal is to provide a warm, welcoming, and safe environment where I can assist you in processing and gaining control of your thoughts, feelings, behaviors, relationships, and lifestyle balance. I empower people to overcome the burden of anxiety. I am interested in working with teenagers and adults. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, grief, family conflict, behavioral issues, anger management, relationship problems, life transitions, stress management, and behavioral activation/motivation.
Everyone experiences life differently, and at times, trying to figure out how to handle these experiences can become overwhelming. My goal is to provide a warm, welcoming, and safe environment where I can assist you in processing and gaining control of your thoughts, feelings, behaviors, relationships, and lifestyle balance. I empower people to overcome the burden of anxiety. I am interested in working with teenagers and adults. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, grief, family conflict, behavioral issues, anger management, relationship problems, life transitions, stress management, and behavioral activation/motivation.
(484) 559-7376 View (484) 559-7376
Photo of Ben Goldstein, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ben Goldstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19143  (Online Only)
Therapy is a place to get curious about areas in your life where you might feel stuck, depressed, or isolated. In our work together, I strive to create a space that builds capacity for you to change by exploring your relationships, both past and present. I hope to support you in arriving at a deeper sense of connection to the world around you and the people in it.
Therapy is a place to get curious about areas in your life where you might feel stuck, depressed, or isolated. In our work together, I strive to create a space that builds capacity for you to change by exploring your relationships, both past and present. I hope to support you in arriving at a deeper sense of connection to the world around you and the people in it.
(267) 263-7336 View (267) 263-7336
Photo of Constance Lucy Cunningham, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Constance Lucy Cunningham
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
I a a professional counselor licensed in Pennsylvania. I practice using primarily psychodynamic and person-centered therapy. Through these modalities, you will work on a deeper level to explore causes and underlying patterns of presenting problems and easing resistance. I will provide unconditional positive regard, so you do not have to worry about feeling pressured or judged. Areas of expertise include relationship issues, anxiety, low self-esteem and feelings of being stuck in unhealthy patterns of functioning.
I a a professional counselor licensed in Pennsylvania. I practice using primarily psychodynamic and person-centered therapy. Through these modalities, you will work on a deeper level to explore causes and underlying patterns of presenting problems and easing resistance. I will provide unconditional positive regard, so you do not have to worry about feeling pressured or judged. Areas of expertise include relationship issues, anxiety, low self-esteem and feelings of being stuck in unhealthy patterns of functioning.
(267) 399-3625 View (267) 399-3625
Photo of Karen Rivera-Seda - Floreat Counseling & Wellness, LPC, MFT, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Floreat Counseling & Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MFT, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19111  (Online Only)
Greetings! I am a Jamaican born licensed professional counselor and marriage, couples & family therapist who conducts sessions in English and Jamaican Patois (Patwah). Through forming a collaborative partnership, I provide support to high school seniors, college students, and adults in the areas of anxiety, grief, life transitions, betrayal trauma, Caribbean immigrant parent(s) concerns, and being the adult/young adult child of immigrants. I also provide support to couples in the areas of communication, interracial relationships, premarital, pre-engagement and pre-cohabitation.
Greetings! I am a Jamaican born licensed professional counselor and marriage, couples & family therapist who conducts sessions in English and Jamaican Patois (Patwah). Through forming a collaborative partnership, I provide support to high school seniors, college students, and adults in the areas of anxiety, grief, life transitions, betrayal trauma, Caribbean immigrant parent(s) concerns, and being the adult/young adult child of immigrants. I also provide support to couples in the areas of communication, interracial relationships, premarital, pre-engagement and pre-cohabitation.
(215) 960-9346 View (215) 960-9346
Photo of Robert Hawkins, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Robert Hawkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hello. I'm Robert Hawkins, LPC (Licensed Professional Counselor) based in Pennsylvania and am eager to begin working with you! I earned my undergraduate degree in Neuroscience, and my Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling.
Hello. I'm Robert Hawkins, LPC (Licensed Professional Counselor) based in Pennsylvania and am eager to begin working with you! I earned my undergraduate degree in Neuroscience, and my Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling.
(484) 497-2591 View (484) 497-2591
Photo of Lauren Strailey, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lauren Strailey
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
My clinical experience includes working with anxiety, depression, ADHD, ASD, trauma, life transitions, and relationships. I am very passionate about providing services to members of the LGBTQ+ community and am committed to being culturally competent and social-justice oriented. I work with adults, adolescents, and children. Much of my clinical experience was spent as a middle and high school counselor, so I have extensive experience working with young people ages 11 through 18.
My clinical experience includes working with anxiety, depression, ADHD, ASD, trauma, life transitions, and relationships. I am very passionate about providing services to members of the LGBTQ+ community and am committed to being culturally competent and social-justice oriented. I work with adults, adolescents, and children. Much of my clinical experience was spent as a middle and high school counselor, so I have extensive experience working with young people ages 11 through 18.
(267) 369-2129 View (267) 369-2129
Photo of William Levine, PsyD, Psychologist
William Levine
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19118  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
The decision to enter psychotherapy can be difficult. Most of us would like to think we can solve our problems on our own, or at least with the help of friends and family. If you are looking for a therapist, chances are you have already tried doing just that, possibly with great effort over a long time, and are feeling discouraged about the result. The problems may be new or all too familiar. Therapy can help with two levels of concern: at a practical level, what to do to cope? at an underlying level, what to do to heal?
The decision to enter psychotherapy can be difficult. Most of us would like to think we can solve our problems on our own, or at least with the help of friends and family. If you are looking for a therapist, chances are you have already tried doing just that, possibly with great effort over a long time, and are feeling discouraged about the result. The problems may be new or all too familiar. Therapy can help with two levels of concern: at a practical level, what to do to cope? at an underlying level, what to do to heal?
(215) 987-5456 View (215) 987-5456
Photo of Marissa Adamczyk, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marissa Adamczyk
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19148  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! My name is Marissa. I have experience helping those struggling with anxiety, grief, navigating relationship challenges, and more. Maybe you are looking to get to know yourself a bit better, to strengthen your relationships, or to find ways to better manage the challenges you're facing. Emotions play a huge part in our daily lives and tell us what we need or are missing. Together, we can discover these. We will work together to discover your values, goals, and how we can achieve them.
Welcome! My name is Marissa. I have experience helping those struggling with anxiety, grief, navigating relationship challenges, and more. Maybe you are looking to get to know yourself a bit better, to strengthen your relationships, or to find ways to better manage the challenges you're facing. Emotions play a huge part in our daily lives and tell us what we need or are missing. Together, we can discover these. We will work together to discover your values, goals, and how we can achieve them.
(267) 377-4539 View (267) 377-4539
Photo of William Hasek, PhD, Psychologist
William Hasek
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
I am a licensed, board-certified clinical psychologist who is here to help you overcome the challenges that are holding you back in your personal and professional life. My clients often come to therapy because they are feeling burnt out, find it hard to connect with others, and feel little sense of purpose or drive in their personal and professional lives. I know just how challenging it can be to feel unclear on one's values and direction. Through a tailored approach, I work with clients to help them explore their values, identify their strengths, and create a roadmap towards a fulfilling life.
I am a licensed, board-certified clinical psychologist who is here to help you overcome the challenges that are holding you back in your personal and professional life. My clients often come to therapy because they are feeling burnt out, find it hard to connect with others, and feel little sense of purpose or drive in their personal and professional lives. I know just how challenging it can be to feel unclear on one's values and direction. Through a tailored approach, I work with clients to help them explore their values, identify their strengths, and create a roadmap towards a fulfilling life.
(844) 287-4228 View (844) 287-4228
Photo of Rashida Z Henry - Knows No Face LLC, MA, NCC, CAADC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Knows No Face LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, CAADC, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19143  (Online Only)
Do you feel like your living in a permanent state of unhappiness? Knows No Face LLC is a mental health and wellness counseling and consulting company. As a licensed professional counselor, author and speaker, Rashida Henry developed this company with a natural desire to promote mental health awareness within the urban community. Knows No Face works with millennials between the ages of 21 and 38 who are confused about the next stage in their career, are seeking to overcome generational barriers and gain clarity on their purpose in life.
Do you feel like your living in a permanent state of unhappiness? Knows No Face LLC is a mental health and wellness counseling and consulting company. As a licensed professional counselor, author and speaker, Rashida Henry developed this company with a natural desire to promote mental health awareness within the urban community. Knows No Face works with millennials between the ages of 21 and 38 who are confused about the next stage in their career, are seeking to overcome generational barriers and gain clarity on their purpose in life.
(215) 398-4578 View (215) 398-4578
Photo of Courtney Douds, LCSW, MSW, MEd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Courtney Douds
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MEd
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
If you’re stuck in self-destructive conflicts with family, unable to move on from difficult experiences in your past, or paralyzed by anxiety, I can help. Whether you’re looking to work through trauma, set boundaries with your relatives, change dynamics with a romantic partner, or reconnect with what gives you pleasure, I can guide you in taking that first step. As a teen coping with my parents’ messy divorce, I turned to self-harm while also journeying through my own sexual self-discovery. Therapy and safe relationships helped me feel better by speaking about my pain rather than keeping it inside or taking it out on myself.
If you’re stuck in self-destructive conflicts with family, unable to move on from difficult experiences in your past, or paralyzed by anxiety, I can help. Whether you’re looking to work through trauma, set boundaries with your relatives, change dynamics with a romantic partner, or reconnect with what gives you pleasure, I can guide you in taking that first step. As a teen coping with my parents’ messy divorce, I turned to self-harm while also journeying through my own sexual self-discovery. Therapy and safe relationships helped me feel better by speaking about my pain rather than keeping it inside or taking it out on myself.
(484) 915-1050 View (484) 915-1050
Photo of Rebecca (Rowan) Levy, MA, NCC, PC01569, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rebecca (Rowan) Levy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, PC01569
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19110  (Online Only)
You want something different, but it’s hard to motivate and place what that really is. You are sensitive, creative, queer, thoughtful, and full of so many thoughts. You likely have a habit of overextending yourself in the hopes of finding where you feel you belong. You see patterns in your relationships that you want to examine and change, and some part of you knows that you deserve a more satisfying life. Therapy is a non-judgmental space in which you can overcome familiar patterns by being witnessed and heard, and acquire tools to improve your relationship with yourself and others.
You want something different, but it’s hard to motivate and place what that really is. You are sensitive, creative, queer, thoughtful, and full of so many thoughts. You likely have a habit of overextending yourself in the hopes of finding where you feel you belong. You see patterns in your relationships that you want to examine and change, and some part of you knows that you deserve a more satisfying life. Therapy is a non-judgmental space in which you can overcome familiar patterns by being witnessed and heard, and acquire tools to improve your relationship with yourself and others.
View
Photo of Nicole Gabriel, LPC, ART-BC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nicole Gabriel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ART-BC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Nicole is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Board-Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC). Nicole received her Masters’ degree in Art Therapy and Counseling from Drexel University and her Bachelors’ degree in Psychology & Art Studio from Bloomsburg University. Nicole has experience 5 years’ experience working in community-based environments with a wide diversity of populations and about a year experience in private practice.
Nicole is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Board-Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC). Nicole received her Masters’ degree in Art Therapy and Counseling from Drexel University and her Bachelors’ degree in Psychology & Art Studio from Bloomsburg University. Nicole has experience 5 years’ experience working in community-based environments with a wide diversity of populations and about a year experience in private practice.
(484) 218-2475 View (484) 218-2475
Photo of Latisha McCoy - Free to Live Counseling Services, LLC, LPC, LPCMH, Licensed Professional Counselor
Free to Live Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPCMH
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
As an LPC in PA and DE, I have worked with families, couples, and individuals. My areas of expertise span a broad range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, anger management, life transitions, trauma, and abuse. I have also worked with clients facing parenting problems and relationship issues. I am pursuing my PhD to expand my skills and knowledge.
As an LPC in PA and DE, I have worked with families, couples, and individuals. My areas of expertise span a broad range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, anger management, life transitions, trauma, and abuse. I have also worked with clients facing parenting problems and relationship issues. I am pursuing my PhD to expand my skills and knowledge.
(215) 278-4948 View (215) 278-4948
Photo of Kelly Stavrides, LPC, Counselor
Kelly Stavrides
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
I have a lot of experience working with clients dealing with mood issues, anxiety, and trauma. For many of my clients, these three issues overlap and create the perfect storm, so to speak, causing significant issues with quality of life and relationships, among other issues. I also have worked extensively with women, and individuals who identify as LGBTQ+ and the queer community. As a woman and the member of the queer community, I share some lived experiences with these clients and work to bring that connect to the therapeutic relationship.
I have a lot of experience working with clients dealing with mood issues, anxiety, and trauma. For many of my clients, these three issues overlap and create the perfect storm, so to speak, causing significant issues with quality of life and relationships, among other issues. I also have worked extensively with women, and individuals who identify as LGBTQ+ and the queer community. As a woman and the member of the queer community, I share some lived experiences with these clients and work to bring that connect to the therapeutic relationship.
(267) 458-7026 View (267) 458-7026
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See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$147

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
72% Self Esteem
68% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
59% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.