Photo of Melanie Mamola, Professional Counselor Associate in 97267, OR
Melanie Mamola
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97267
Waitlist for new clients
The fact that you are here, browsing for a potential counselor, is a brave step in the direction of growth, and I would be honored to accompany you on this most heartfelt journey. I work with clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, difficult life transitions, parenting issues, divorce, and feelings of low self-worth, as well as with those who are sober curious, in recovery, or who want to explore behavioral addictions.
The fact that you are here, browsing for a potential counselor, is a brave step in the direction of growth, and I would be honored to accompany you on this most heartfelt journey. I work with clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, difficult life transitions, parenting issues, divorce, and feelings of low self-worth, as well as with those who are sober curious, in recovery, or who want to explore behavioral addictions.
(503) 486-3345 View (503) 486-3345
Photo of Susan Lutzke-Hoff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 97267, OR
Susan Lutzke-Hoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Milwaukie, OR 97267
Life experiences and transitions influence the way we live, and can be the main reason we are experiencing the types of distress we find ourselves in. They force us to let go of the familiar and face the future with a feeling of vulnerability. We can experience great loss, fear, and not knowing where or who to turn to.
Life experiences and transitions influence the way we live, and can be the main reason we are experiencing the types of distress we find ourselves in. They force us to let go of the familiar and face the future with a feeling of vulnerability. We can experience great loss, fear, and not knowing where or who to turn to.
(503) 610-4369 View (503) 610-4369
Photo of Stuart Malkin, Licensed Professional Counselor in 97267, OR
Stuart Malkin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukie, OR 97267
Waitlist for new clients
Depression, anxiety, and relational stress can keep you from living your life to its full potential. While difficult and stressful experiences are unavoidable in life, there is a way for you to find joy, purpose, and passion again with the right support. With the help of mindfulness-based counseling, I can help you heal and thrive again! Some of the issues I can help you with include depression, anxiety, grief and loss, couple's work, co-dependency, historical trauma, Men's Issues, cultural oppression, life purpose/career, parenting issues, creative blocks, and Climate anxiety and grief.
Depression, anxiety, and relational stress can keep you from living your life to its full potential. While difficult and stressful experiences are unavoidable in life, there is a way for you to find joy, purpose, and passion again with the right support. With the help of mindfulness-based counseling, I can help you heal and thrive again! Some of the issues I can help you with include depression, anxiety, grief and loss, couple's work, co-dependency, historical trauma, Men's Issues, cultural oppression, life purpose/career, parenting issues, creative blocks, and Climate anxiety and grief.
(971) 203-0686 View (971) 203-0686
Photo of Todd Forsman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 97267, OR
Todd Forsman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC-I
Verified Verified
Milwaukie, OR 97267
Even in the darkest hours there is hope that healing and wholeness is possible. Do you suffer with the effects of depression, anxiety, addiction, self-loathing or lack of self-esteem? Do you have trouble with anger, communication or setting boundaries? There is hope! You are the author of your own story, and a skilled, caring counselor can help you find the tools you need to navigate through the hard times and be able to feel empowered to continue writing your story.
Even in the darkest hours there is hope that healing and wholeness is possible. Do you suffer with the effects of depression, anxiety, addiction, self-loathing or lack of self-esteem? Do you have trouble with anger, communication or setting boundaries? There is hope! You are the author of your own story, and a skilled, caring counselor can help you find the tools you need to navigate through the hard times and be able to feel empowered to continue writing your story.
(503) 678-9191 View (503) 678-9191
Shoshona Barbara Stokes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97267  (Online Only)
I have worked in the Mental Health field for 20 plus years and focus on people who are going through difficult transitions in their lives and those who have experienced trauma, anxiety, depression, abuse, grief and loss, attachment issues, chronic pain and relationship problems. Being human can be complicated, challenging and messy. I believe that psychotherapy is a collaborative process where together we can explore new ways of understanding your experience as well as gaining insight into self-defeating behaviors causing distress and the necessary tools to grow beyond them.
I have worked in the Mental Health field for 20 plus years and focus on people who are going through difficult transitions in their lives and those who have experienced trauma, anxiety, depression, abuse, grief and loss, attachment issues, chronic pain and relationship problems. Being human can be complicated, challenging and messy. I believe that psychotherapy is a collaborative process where together we can explore new ways of understanding your experience as well as gaining insight into self-defeating behaviors causing distress and the necessary tools to grow beyond them.
(503) 855-0468 View (503) 855-0468
Photo of Anita Abelsen-Gay, Licensed Professional Counselor in 97267, OR
Anita Abelsen-Gay
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukie, OR 97267
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with children, adolescents and their families. I believe that the counseling process is the basis from which change can occur. It is my desire to create a safe environment where individuals feel their experiences are understood and accepted. Together we will discuss treatment goals and objectives. Areas of experience include attachment, sensory processing, social skills, conflict management, ADD/ADHD, anger/opposition, anxieties, depression, grief/loss, trauma, transitions, parent-child relations and divorce/blended families.
I specialize in working with children, adolescents and their families. I believe that the counseling process is the basis from which change can occur. It is my desire to create a safe environment where individuals feel their experiences are understood and accepted. Together we will discuss treatment goals and objectives. Areas of experience include attachment, sensory processing, social skills, conflict management, ADD/ADHD, anger/opposition, anxieties, depression, grief/loss, trauma, transitions, parent-child relations and divorce/blended families.
(503) 766-5967 View (503) 766-5967
Photo of Meagan Bracy Hansen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 97267, OR
Meagan Bracy Hansen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97267
Not accepting new clients
Hello! My goal as a therapist is to create a respectful, compassionate, safe and nurturing environment where you will feel comfortable working through the challenges that are negatively impacting your life. Individual therapy can be a journey focused on healing and self discovery. It can also be a place to start to learn and practice new tools/skills for addressing challenges that are impacting your daily life. I believe that everyone has the ability to make positive changes to improve their quality of life. Sometimes we all just need a little help getting there.
Hello! My goal as a therapist is to create a respectful, compassionate, safe and nurturing environment where you will feel comfortable working through the challenges that are negatively impacting your life. Individual therapy can be a journey focused on healing and self discovery. It can also be a place to start to learn and practice new tools/skills for addressing challenges that are impacting your daily life. I believe that everyone has the ability to make positive changes to improve their quality of life. Sometimes we all just need a little help getting there.
(503) 461-4728 View (503) 461-4728
Photo of Jacqueline R Shannon, Marriage & Family Therapist in 97267, OR
Jacqueline R Shannon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CADCIII
Verified Verified
Milwaukie, OR 97267  (Online Only)
Jackie Shannon is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor. Jackie makes use of a humanistic and existential approach through a variety of experiential modalities. By creating a safe space for individuals to experience the discomfort of life’s challenges, Jackie supports individuals in developing relationship through trust, empathy, direct and candid inquiry, and down to earth humor. Jackie encourages intuitive exploration through integrating talk therapy with present moment awareness using sound, music, role play and energy work.
Jackie Shannon is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor. Jackie makes use of a humanistic and existential approach through a variety of experiential modalities. By creating a safe space for individuals to experience the discomfort of life’s challenges, Jackie supports individuals in developing relationship through trust, empathy, direct and candid inquiry, and down to earth humor. Jackie encourages intuitive exploration through integrating talk therapy with present moment awareness using sound, music, role play and energy work.
(503) 751-8716 View (503) 751-8716
Photo of Sandie Lamb-Moudy, Professional Counselor Associate in 97267, OR
Sandie Lamb-Moudy
Professional Counselor Associate, MA, PTA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97267
You are looking for HOPE during challenging times. I offer hope from my heart. Life is full of difficult moments as well as heartbreaks that can bring up lots of tricky emotions and feelings. Sometimes this causes us not to feel our best. I believe counseling is meant to empower you to explore your relationship with yourself and others. I have a passion for working through grief, trauma, and life transitions. I will be a companion and gentle tour guide helping you to know yourself more thoroughly so you can lead a more fulfilling, integrated life. I honor your story and your courage.
You are looking for HOPE during challenging times. I offer hope from my heart. Life is full of difficult moments as well as heartbreaks that can bring up lots of tricky emotions and feelings. Sometimes this causes us not to feel our best. I believe counseling is meant to empower you to explore your relationship with yourself and others. I have a passion for working through grief, trauma, and life transitions. I will be a companion and gentle tour guide helping you to know yourself more thoroughly so you can lead a more fulfilling, integrated life. I honor your story and your courage.
(503) 461-0162 View (503) 461-0162
Photo of Ginny Christian, Licensed Professional Counselor in 97267, OR
Ginny Christian
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Milwaukie, OR 97267
Waitlist for new clients
Each of us navigates many issues and transitions throughout our lives. Whether these are issues of abuse, trauma, identity, relationships, or physical and mental wellness, knowing that you are not alone in this process can lead to profound courage, hope, and change. I have a deep belief in our potential for growth and healing. As a therapist, I offer a safe place for this work. I will be a compassionate and insightful witness that will be fully present to your journey. Together, we will tend to your inner knowing, emerging awareness, and the making of new meaning.
Each of us navigates many issues and transitions throughout our lives. Whether these are issues of abuse, trauma, identity, relationships, or physical and mental wellness, knowing that you are not alone in this process can lead to profound courage, hope, and change. I have a deep belief in our potential for growth and healing. As a therapist, I offer a safe place for this work. I will be a compassionate and insightful witness that will be fully present to your journey. Together, we will tend to your inner knowing, emerging awareness, and the making of new meaning.
(971) 265-8712 View (971) 265-8712
Photo of Trellis Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 97267, OR
Trellis Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Milwaukie, OR 97267
We are currently taking new clients. "Why am I not over this already?" If you find yourself asking that, maybe we can help. We work with people struggling due to past experiences or recent trauma. Whether the impact those experiences have on them is big or small, we believe that healing and hope occur within a healthy therapeutic relationship. We've been privileged to help hundreds of struggling individuals.
We are currently taking new clients. "Why am I not over this already?" If you find yourself asking that, maybe we can help. We work with people struggling due to past experiences or recent trauma. Whether the impact those experiences have on them is big or small, we believe that healing and hope occur within a healthy therapeutic relationship. We've been privileged to help hundreds of struggling individuals.
(503) 360-1631 View (503) 360-1631
Photo of Don Dodson, Psychologist in 97267, OR
Don Dodson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Milwaukie, OR 97267
Therapy can be a tremendously rewarding and enlightening experience leading to lifelong change. My approach to working with clients is to tailor my interventions to meet their specific needs and to work with them in a collaborative fashion to help them access their own strengths and wisdom. My first priority is to listen,to understand your perspective and life experience. I will then work with you to help you gain insight into your current challenges. My goal is to address your problems directly, assist you in finding solutions, and get you back into your life as soon as possible.
Therapy can be a tremendously rewarding and enlightening experience leading to lifelong change. My approach to working with clients is to tailor my interventions to meet their specific needs and to work with them in a collaborative fashion to help them access their own strengths and wisdom. My first priority is to listen,to understand your perspective and life experience. I will then work with you to help you gain insight into your current challenges. My goal is to address your problems directly, assist you in finding solutions, and get you back into your life as soon as possible.
(503) 446-6251 View (503) 446-6251
Photo of Megan C Lammers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 97267, OR
Megan C Lammers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97267
Not accepting new clients
As a Mental Health Therapist, Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Oregon and Washington, I believe that we all inherently have the capacity for deep healing within ourselves. I work with a wide range of issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, & eating disorders. I am a Certified Brainspotting Practitioner.
As a Mental Health Therapist, Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Oregon and Washington, I believe that we all inherently have the capacity for deep healing within ourselves. I work with a wide range of issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, & eating disorders. I am a Certified Brainspotting Practitioner.
(971) 308-5312 View (971) 308-5312
Photo of Jason Blei, Marriage & Family Therapist in 97267, OR
Jason Blei
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CMHS
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97267
When does wanting something more become an issue? When our normal desire for change has no recognized solutions. When our wants lead to self-rejection or frustration that keep those we care about at arms-length. When we disengage to avoid expressing a need, but get accused of not caring. We prepare for arguments before entering the room and the script plays out as expected, but it's not what we want. These are common struggles without generic answers. Relationship dynamics are as unique as the individuals who live them, which is why change requires specific approaches addressing unique issues.
When does wanting something more become an issue? When our normal desire for change has no recognized solutions. When our wants lead to self-rejection or frustration that keep those we care about at arms-length. When we disengage to avoid expressing a need, but get accused of not caring. We prepare for arguments before entering the room and the script plays out as expected, but it's not what we want. These are common struggles without generic answers. Relationship dynamics are as unique as the individuals who live them, which is why change requires specific approaches addressing unique issues.
(503) 308-4198 View (503) 308-4198
Photo of Compassionate Interventions, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in 97267, OR
Compassionate Interventions
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, CADCIII, CAI, CTP
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97267
I specialize in interventions, so my ideal client is the family member or friend of an addict. This "concerned other" is usually out of options and has lost hope. My job is to either re-instill hope or enhance the hope, so that the addict can be helped. With intervention, I use both the Johnson model and the ARISE model. With 16 years of experience conducting interventions, I have encountered most things that happen in an intervention, and can prepare the addict's family members and/or friends so they can walk through the intervention process with the least amount of anxiety.
I specialize in interventions, so my ideal client is the family member or friend of an addict. This "concerned other" is usually out of options and has lost hope. My job is to either re-instill hope or enhance the hope, so that the addict can be helped. With intervention, I use both the Johnson model and the ARISE model. With 16 years of experience conducting interventions, I have encountered most things that happen in an intervention, and can prepare the addict's family members and/or friends so they can walk through the intervention process with the least amount of anxiety.
(503) 379-9435 View (503) 379-9435
Photo of Lanette Ambers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 97267, OR
Lanette Ambers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oak Grove, OR 97267
Not accepting new clients
I believe there comes a time in most people's lives when it's helpful to have a supportive person to guide them through challenges they may be experiencing. It takes strength and courage to decide to begin therapy. If this is something you are considering for your child then you should be commended! As a Certified Synergetic Play Therapist, I engaged in Synergetic Play Therapy (TM), "a research-informed model of play therapy blending the therapeutic power of play with nervous system regulation, interpersonal neurobiology, physics, attachment, mindfulness, and therapist authenticity." - Lisa Dion, creator of Synergetic Play Therapy
I believe there comes a time in most people's lives when it's helpful to have a supportive person to guide them through challenges they may be experiencing. It takes strength and courage to decide to begin therapy. If this is something you are considering for your child then you should be commended! As a Certified Synergetic Play Therapist, I engaged in Synergetic Play Therapy (TM), "a research-informed model of play therapy blending the therapeutic power of play with nervous system regulation, interpersonal neurobiology, physics, attachment, mindfulness, and therapist authenticity." - Lisa Dion, creator of Synergetic Play Therapy
(503) 567-6230 View (503) 567-6230
Photo of Inner Strength Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in 97267, OR
Inner Strength Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Milwaukie, OR 97267
Not accepting new clients
We all have the strength within to heal with help. Starting therapy can be a scary process and you have taken the first and often hardest step. We can work together towards finding the best you. My approach is goal-oriented and focuses on how we can get you feeling better now. I utilize trauma and somatic therapeutic techniques including Internal Family Systems (IFS), trauma focused CBT, DBT and EMDR. I will help you identify the areas you want to work on and we will make a plan together to make this happen.
We all have the strength within to heal with help. Starting therapy can be a scary process and you have taken the first and often hardest step. We can work together towards finding the best you. My approach is goal-oriented and focuses on how we can get you feeling better now. I utilize trauma and somatic therapeutic techniques including Internal Family Systems (IFS), trauma focused CBT, DBT and EMDR. I will help you identify the areas you want to work on and we will make a plan together to make this happen.
(971) 601-3009 View (971) 601-3009
Photo of Betty Friedman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 97267, OR
Betty Friedman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oak Grove, OR 97267
Not accepting new clients
I work with individuals and couples who are adjusting to a change in their life or find themselves "stuck" in patterns of behaviors or moods that disturb them. Examples include relationship stress, anxiety, depression, family of origin issues and addiction/abuse concerns. Some times this is a result of a loss of a loved one, a change in relationship status or employment status. Sometimes the cause is not apparent.
I work with individuals and couples who are adjusting to a change in their life or find themselves "stuck" in patterns of behaviors or moods that disturb them. Examples include relationship stress, anxiety, depression, family of origin issues and addiction/abuse concerns. Some times this is a result of a loss of a loved one, a change in relationship status or employment status. Sometimes the cause is not apparent.
(503) 967-8210 View (503) 967-8210
Photo of Matt Field, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in 97267, OR
Matt Field
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukie, OR 97267
Imagine taking a moment to connect your feelings and thoughts. You sit down and take a moment to feel sensations in your body, your mood, and then work through the story you connect to it all. Often when seeking therapy we start by wanting to find solutions to get rid of unwanted thoughts, feelings, and behaviors - and this is good! Taking time to have caring and attentive guidance through this process is the role I take. As you share what you are going through either as an individual, partners, or family, I see that it is my job to come alongside to first listen and then guide the path to a different and preferred life.
Imagine taking a moment to connect your feelings and thoughts. You sit down and take a moment to feel sensations in your body, your mood, and then work through the story you connect to it all. Often when seeking therapy we start by wanting to find solutions to get rid of unwanted thoughts, feelings, and behaviors - and this is good! Taking time to have caring and attentive guidance through this process is the role I take. As you share what you are going through either as an individual, partners, or family, I see that it is my job to come alongside to first listen and then guide the path to a different and preferred life.
(503) 928-6328 View (503) 928-6328
Photo of Robin Kellett, LPC, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in 97267, OR
Robin Kellett, LPC, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Milwaukie, OR 97267
Waitlist for new clients
Living with anxieties / fears, depression and stress can be overwhelming. One may resort to avoidance and unhealthy lifestyle choices as a means of escape. I offer a safe place and opportunity for you to explore your concerns while learning healthy and effective ways to manage intense feelings and resolve problems. Our work together can help you uncover issues that impact your present, learn different ways of looking at things and grow confidence in your ability to live well.
Living with anxieties / fears, depression and stress can be overwhelming. One may resort to avoidance and unhealthy lifestyle choices as a means of escape. I offer a safe place and opportunity for you to explore your concerns while learning healthy and effective ways to manage intense feelings and resolve problems. Our work together can help you uncover issues that impact your present, learn different ways of looking at things and grow confidence in your ability to live well.
(978) 415-9926 View (978) 415-9926

See more therapy options for 97267

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 97267

40+

Average cost per session

$152

Therapists in 97267 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
80% Depression
80% Trauma and PTSD
78% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
70% Life Transitions
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Providence
52% Aetna
52% PacificSource

How Therapists in 97267 see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 97267?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.