Photo of Gary Alan Stommel, MA, CTC, CTLC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Gary Alan Stommel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, CTC, CTLC
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37068
It would be a privilege to work with you on the areas of your life where you feel stuck. Anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, relational issues with family, spirituality issues, grief and loss, men's issues, and marriage counseling, are all areas I specialize in. I help individuals get to the root of why they can not seem to change and I my strengths are helping you create a plan for success. We repeat what we do not repair in our relationships. As a certified temperament specialist, I help people understand their own personalities within relationships. Extensive training through several nationally accredited counseling programs.
It would be a privilege to work with you on the areas of your life where you feel stuck. Anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, relational issues with family, spirituality issues, grief and loss, men's issues, and marriage counseling, are all areas I specialize in. I help individuals get to the root of why they can not seem to change and I my strengths are helping you create a plan for success. We repeat what we do not repair in our relationships. As a certified temperament specialist, I help people understand their own personalities within relationships. Extensive training through several nationally accredited counseling programs.
(615) 338-8827 View (615) 338-8827
Photo of Jim Frost, MA, LSPE
Jim Frost
MA, LSPE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37068
I help people make the changes they desire in their lives. I don’t use EMDR. DBT. EFT, IFS or any of the other new-fangled techniques. What I do is listen deeply and with compassion and without judgment. I strive to help you better understand yourself and any patterns of thinking, feeling, and behavior that are holding you back from being who you want to be. I have over 40 years of experience working with a variety of problems. I am also an ordained spiritual director and appreciate the opportunity to work with individuals who want their spiritual lives to be addressed as part of their counseling.
I help people make the changes they desire in their lives. I don’t use EMDR. DBT. EFT, IFS or any of the other new-fangled techniques. What I do is listen deeply and with compassion and without judgment. I strive to help you better understand yourself and any patterns of thinking, feeling, and behavior that are holding you back from being who you want to be. I have over 40 years of experience working with a variety of problems. I am also an ordained spiritual director and appreciate the opportunity to work with individuals who want their spiritual lives to be addressed as part of their counseling.
(615) 933-2390 View (615) 933-2390
Photo of Wendell Aaron Kelley - Aaron Kelley, LPC, MA, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Aaron Kelley, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37068
The most rewarding therapy sessions occur with clients who are motivated to make progress towards the goals they set. I strongly believe that the therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the client is of upmost importance to the client meeting their goals. I strive to build a trusting, supportive, and safe relationship with each of my clients. I believe everyone has their own unique story to tell. I enjoy hearing that story and helping people overcome the issues that can surface over a lifetime. I see adults and adolescents in my therapy practice as well as the occasional couple.
The most rewarding therapy sessions occur with clients who are motivated to make progress towards the goals they set. I strongly believe that the therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the client is of upmost importance to the client meeting their goals. I strive to build a trusting, supportive, and safe relationship with each of my clients. I believe everyone has their own unique story to tell. I enjoy hearing that story and helping people overcome the issues that can surface over a lifetime. I see adults and adolescents in my therapy practice as well as the occasional couple.
(615) 206-4013 View (615) 206-4013
Photo of Nate A De Graaf, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nate A De Graaf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37068
For the past 25 years I have been committed to assisting individuals, couples, adolescents and athletes through life's difficult situations. I have a strong background in working directly with general psychiatry, so most of my experience is in mood disorders, crisis management, grief therapy and co-occurring disorders such as addiction. My passion is in teaching clients strengths-based techniques to improve coping abilities and quality of life.
For the past 25 years I have been committed to assisting individuals, couples, adolescents and athletes through life's difficult situations. I have a strong background in working directly with general psychiatry, so most of my experience is in mood disorders, crisis management, grief therapy and co-occurring disorders such as addiction. My passion is in teaching clients strengths-based techniques to improve coping abilities and quality of life.
(615) 338-6654 View (615) 338-6654
Photo of Amanda-Jo Serrano, MEd, LPC, MHSP(T), Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda-Jo Serrano Serrano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP(T)
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37068
Individuals & Couples: Are you facing relationship challenges, navigating a difficult life transition, or feeling trapped in patterns that no longer serve your growth? Do you long for a life where you feel confident, empowered, and fulfilled in your relationships? If so, you’re not alone—and you’re in the right place. I’m Amanda-Jo, a compassionate therapist dedicated to helping individuals and couples break through obstacles and create the life they deserve. Together, we’ll work toward a future defined by your dreams and potential, not your past. Let’s take that first step on this journey together.
Individuals & Couples: Are you facing relationship challenges, navigating a difficult life transition, or feeling trapped in patterns that no longer serve your growth? Do you long for a life where you feel confident, empowered, and fulfilled in your relationships? If so, you’re not alone—and you’re in the right place. I’m Amanda-Jo, a compassionate therapist dedicated to helping individuals and couples break through obstacles and create the life they deserve. Together, we’ll work toward a future defined by your dreams and potential, not your past. Let’s take that first step on this journey together.
(629) 265-1957 View (629) 265-1957
Photo of Diane Gammon -Living With Hope Counseling, LPCMHSP, CMHIMP, ASDCS, NCC, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Diane Gammon -Living With Hope Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, CMHIMP, ASDCS, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37068
Welcome, I am glad you are here! I specialize in Crisis, Depression, Trauma, Autism Testing & Therapy, Couples/Marriage, Pre-marital Counseling, Family Reunification, Abandonment, Anxiety/Panic, PTSD, Neurodiverse/Neurotypical Relationships, Holistic Self-Care, Self-Harm, Grief/Loss, RAD, Miscarriage/Infant Loss, ADHD, Personality Disorders, Drug/Alcohol/Other Addictions, Low Self-Esteem/Self-Worth, Eating Disorders, Body Image, Communication Skills/ Relationships, Sexual Assault, Rape/Domestic Violence, Behavior Issues, Corrections, Foster Care, Adoption Transition, Postpartum, Illness & more.
Welcome, I am glad you are here! I specialize in Crisis, Depression, Trauma, Autism Testing & Therapy, Couples/Marriage, Pre-marital Counseling, Family Reunification, Abandonment, Anxiety/Panic, PTSD, Neurodiverse/Neurotypical Relationships, Holistic Self-Care, Self-Harm, Grief/Loss, RAD, Miscarriage/Infant Loss, ADHD, Personality Disorders, Drug/Alcohol/Other Addictions, Low Self-Esteem/Self-Worth, Eating Disorders, Body Image, Communication Skills/ Relationships, Sexual Assault, Rape/Domestic Violence, Behavior Issues, Corrections, Foster Care, Adoption Transition, Postpartum, Illness & more.
(615) 654-6252 View (615) 654-6252
Photo of Sarah Dowdy, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Dowdy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Trauma shatters the illusion of invincibility, but in that vulnerability lies the seeds of strength.” – Jayneen Sanders Hello! My name is Sarah and I would love to get the chance to provide a safe relationship that would give you the space for personal growth and healing. I am here to help you at the pace that fits your needs. You are the expert in your own life and everyone deserves happiness.
Trauma shatters the illusion of invincibility, but in that vulnerability lies the seeds of strength.” – Jayneen Sanders Hello! My name is Sarah and I would love to get the chance to provide a safe relationship that would give you the space for personal growth and healing. I am here to help you at the pace that fits your needs. You are the expert in your own life and everyone deserves happiness.
(615) 375-4759 View (615) 375-4759
Photo of Deborah Adams, MAPC, Pastoral Counselor
Deborah Adams
Pastoral Counselor, MAPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Challenging life situations and relationships can shape and guide your emotions and choices. Using the framework of God's word along with evidence-based methods, I can lead you to understanding the bigger picture of your situation and how it is you got to this place. Each session is an investment towards building a different future and undoing patterns of thought & behavior that have kept you cycling through the same life challenges again and again. I'm invested in your growth towards living in healthier relationships with Yourself, with God, and others. I offer both Counseling & Life Coaching depending on your needs and goals.
Challenging life situations and relationships can shape and guide your emotions and choices. Using the framework of God's word along with evidence-based methods, I can lead you to understanding the bigger picture of your situation and how it is you got to this place. Each session is an investment towards building a different future and undoing patterns of thought & behavior that have kept you cycling through the same life challenges again and again. I'm invested in your growth towards living in healthier relationships with Yourself, with God, and others. I offer both Counseling & Life Coaching depending on your needs and goals.
(470) 250-8432 View (470) 250-8432

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sarah Broyles Ledbetter, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Broyles Ledbetter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37214
My clients often refer to what I call 'blurry trauma,' early attachment experiences that were less than affirming but so ingrained, the client often doesn't recall outstanding events. They may not even remember much about their childhood at all. That kind of trauma leads to addiction, confusing, disorganized or unfulfilling relationships, and difficulty harnessing the resources needed to navigate change so the client can create their most authentic life and relationships. I use present moment, present location resources such as the client's own strengths, passions, and ability to make creative decisions to facilitate safe change.
My clients often refer to what I call 'blurry trauma,' early attachment experiences that were less than affirming but so ingrained, the client often doesn't recall outstanding events. They may not even remember much about their childhood at all. That kind of trauma leads to addiction, confusing, disorganized or unfulfilling relationships, and difficulty harnessing the resources needed to navigate change so the client can create their most authentic life and relationships. I use present moment, present location resources such as the client's own strengths, passions, and ability to make creative decisions to facilitate safe change.
(615) 471-7631 View (615) 471-7631
Photo of Maria Abercrombie, PhD, Psychologist
Maria Abercrombie
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brentwood, TN 37027
Do you feel overwhelmed and out of control? Are you dealing with difficult people and problematic situations? Let me help you focus on the things that you can control and can change. Let's focus on changing your attitudes, expectations and outlook. Sometimes it is also important to redefine boundaries and expectations with others. I have a positive approach, will make practical suggestions and will support you in making important decisions. I specialize in relationship issues, marital counseling, resolving trauma, anxiety, depression and life transition issues. I teach stress management, relaxation exercises and guided imagery.
Do you feel overwhelmed and out of control? Are you dealing with difficult people and problematic situations? Let me help you focus on the things that you can control and can change. Let's focus on changing your attitudes, expectations and outlook. Sometimes it is also important to redefine boundaries and expectations with others. I have a positive approach, will make practical suggestions and will support you in making important decisions. I specialize in relationship issues, marital counseling, resolving trauma, anxiety, depression and life transition issues. I teach stress management, relaxation exercises and guided imagery.
(865) 927-8641 View (865) 927-8641
Photo of Holly Jackle, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Holly Jackle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Holly Jackle, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I work with adolescents and adults and specialize in grief therapy, stress management, trauma recovery, 12 step recovery from Addiction, and Cognitive Behavioral therapy to help my clients make progress and start feeling better. My approach to therapy varies on the needs of each client I work with. I frequently use Solution Focused therapy and Cognitive behavioral therapy to focus on healing.
My name is Holly Jackle, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I work with adolescents and adults and specialize in grief therapy, stress management, trauma recovery, 12 step recovery from Addiction, and Cognitive Behavioral therapy to help my clients make progress and start feeling better. My approach to therapy varies on the needs of each client I work with. I frequently use Solution Focused therapy and Cognitive behavioral therapy to focus on healing.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Cat Tourangeau - Allied Behavioral Health Solutions, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Allied Behavioral Health Solutions
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
We are glad you are here. Allied Behavioral Health Solutions is a provider-owned behavioral health practice based out of Nashville. We are dedicated to providing high-quality services that result in better outcomes for all. Our clinicians are trained in a variety of methodologies to be able to meet the needs of each client and family we serve.
We are glad you are here. Allied Behavioral Health Solutions is a provider-owned behavioral health practice based out of Nashville. We are dedicated to providing high-quality services that result in better outcomes for all. Our clinicians are trained in a variety of methodologies to be able to meet the needs of each client and family we serve.
(615) 619-1795 View (615) 619-1795
Photo of Sammy Weakley, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sammy Weakley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you ever feel like your emotions are imbalanced, and you can't put your finger on why or how to manage them? Sometimes, when our feelings are unpredictable, it can lead to added stress, panic attacks, and personal reactions that may catch us off guard. Trauma, anxiety, and significant life changes, like a move or new job, can affect the way we respond in sensitive circumstances. You may want to discover the why, or you may just want to figure out a solution to regulate the turbulence and navigate the uncertainty.
Do you ever feel like your emotions are imbalanced, and you can't put your finger on why or how to manage them? Sometimes, when our feelings are unpredictable, it can lead to added stress, panic attacks, and personal reactions that may catch us off guard. Trauma, anxiety, and significant life changes, like a move or new job, can affect the way we respond in sensitive circumstances. You may want to discover the why, or you may just want to figure out a solution to regulate the turbulence and navigate the uncertainty.
(512) 866-4369 View (512) 866-4369
Photo of Jonathan McCollum, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jonathan McCollum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
When it comes to treatment, I use a pragmatic approach tailor-fitting treatment to each person. I consider myself eclectic, weaving many types of therapies together. I research and train in a variety of different approaches to put in my therapist toolbox. I individualize treatment to fit each person by equipping them with therapy tools for their daily life and encouraging involvement from a person's social support and community. This leads to successful outcomes for my clients.
When it comes to treatment, I use a pragmatic approach tailor-fitting treatment to each person. I consider myself eclectic, weaving many types of therapies together. I research and train in a variety of different approaches to put in my therapist toolbox. I individualize treatment to fit each person by equipping them with therapy tools for their daily life and encouraging involvement from a person's social support and community. This leads to successful outcomes for my clients.
(865) 658-4768 View (865) 658-4768
Photo of Kevin Hull, PhD, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kevin Hull
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37064
I decided to become a therapist because of my own struggles with mental health issues especially as an adolescent and young adult. I want to take these awful experiences and use them as motivation to help others. If you are an over thinker, I believe I can help. I work with engineers, executives, health care professionals, teachers, and pretty much any person who is in a profession that tends to reward perfectionism and over analysis.
I decided to become a therapist because of my own struggles with mental health issues especially as an adolescent and young adult. I want to take these awful experiences and use them as motivation to help others. If you are an over thinker, I believe I can help. I work with engineers, executives, health care professionals, teachers, and pretty much any person who is in a profession that tends to reward perfectionism and over analysis.
(629) 260-5742 View (629) 260-5742
Photo of Kara Cross, LPCMHSP, ATR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kara Cross
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
I am a licensed psychotherapist, registered art therapist, artist, former art teacher, and of course, I love using art in my sessions. I can provide a safe, non judgemental space for you to work through whatever life issues you are processing. I believe in empowering my clients to find their voice and foster the potential they already have through realizing self worth, building confidence, and embracing our whole selves. I am excited to hear from you.
I am a licensed psychotherapist, registered art therapist, artist, former art teacher, and of course, I love using art in my sessions. I can provide a safe, non judgemental space for you to work through whatever life issues you are processing. I believe in empowering my clients to find their voice and foster the potential they already have through realizing self worth, building confidence, and embracing our whole selves. I am excited to hear from you.
(615) 908-6681 View (615) 908-6681
Photo of Kandie Hansen Approved Supervisor, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kandie Hansen Approved Supervisor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Approved supervisor in TN and KY. Accepting new supervisees in TN and KY for individual and group supervision virtually. New clients are referred to supervisees as Kandie is not accepting new clients. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life. My main objective is to provide a safe, judgment free zone where clients can discuss and work through the struggles in their life. My goal is not to give you advice but to provide a different perspective and cognitive behavioral tools for you to use through your therapeutic journey. Helping clients Defy the Limits they have set in order to embrace a happier more fulfilled life.
Approved supervisor in TN and KY. Accepting new supervisees in TN and KY for individual and group supervision virtually. New clients are referred to supervisees as Kandie is not accepting new clients. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life. My main objective is to provide a safe, judgment free zone where clients can discuss and work through the struggles in their life. My goal is not to give you advice but to provide a different perspective and cognitive behavioral tools for you to use through your therapeutic journey. Helping clients Defy the Limits they have set in order to embrace a happier more fulfilled life.
(615) 398-4498 View (615) 398-4498
Photo of David Yarian, PhD, Psychologist
David Yarian
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Sexual relationships find us at our most vulnerable, and it is often through sexuality that we experience some of our deepest yearnings, profound fears, compulsive behaviors, inhibitions, confusions, uncertainties, and desires. I am an AASECT certified Sex Therapist, as well as an individual and marital psychotherapist with over thirty years' experience.
Sexual relationships find us at our most vulnerable, and it is often through sexuality that we experience some of our deepest yearnings, profound fears, compulsive behaviors, inhibitions, confusions, uncertainties, and desires. I am an AASECT certified Sex Therapist, as well as an individual and marital psychotherapist with over thirty years' experience.
(615) 656-7228 View (615) 656-7228
Photo of Joe McNulty, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joe McNulty
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brentwood, TN 37027
Informed by attachment theory and IFS, I incorporate effective counseling models to work with couples, families, and individuals. My passion is to help people recover their hearts so they can be who they are made to be and do what they are made to do.
Informed by attachment theory and IFS, I incorporate effective counseling models to work with couples, families, and individuals. My passion is to help people recover their hearts so they can be who they are made to be and do what they are made to do.
(615) 645-2177 View (615) 645-2177
Photo of Bridget Hill, MFT, CADCI, Pre-Licensed Professional
Bridget Hill
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT, CADCI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Murfreesboro, TN 37129
Bridget Hill holds a Master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy and certifications in Addictions Counseling and Life Coaching. She has been working in the mental health field for over nine years helping diverse groups of individuals with a variety of issues such as depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma and adjustment disorders. Bridget practices from a trauma-informed lens which identifies the impacts of trauma and supports individuals as they reclaim a sense of joy, empowerment and well-being. She believes in a holistic approach to psychotherapy and supports the integration of mind, body and spirit for the process of healing.
Bridget Hill holds a Master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy and certifications in Addictions Counseling and Life Coaching. She has been working in the mental health field for over nine years helping diverse groups of individuals with a variety of issues such as depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma and adjustment disorders. Bridget practices from a trauma-informed lens which identifies the impacts of trauma and supports individuals as they reclaim a sense of joy, empowerment and well-being. She believes in a holistic approach to psychotherapy and supports the integration of mind, body and spirit for the process of healing.
(615) 653-4115 View (615) 653-4115

See more therapy options for 37068

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 37068

< 10

Therapists in 37068 who prioritize treating:

88% Relationship Issues
75% Depression
75% Anxiety
75% Grief
63% Addiction
63% Trauma and PTSD
63% Behavioral Issues

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% Cigna and Evernorth
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 37068 see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

58% Female
42% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 37068?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.