Therapists in 01105

Photo of Dr. Shanda M. Reynolds - Wellness with Dr. Shanda, Counselor, EdD, LMHC
Wellness with Dr. Shanda
Counselor, EdD, LMHC
Springfield, MA 01105
Accepting New Intakes Now! I believe that life is built on our relationships with each other and to ourselves. The relationship to ourselves is the one we often forget about. Life has a funny way of reminding us that we are not perfect and many things are out of our control. This can cause us to become afraid, angry, irritable, depressed, overbearing, rebellious, tearful.....But, then what? It is often the case that we like to avoid difficult feelings and hope that they will go away on their own. Sometimes they do...and sometimes they don't.
Accepting New Intakes Now! I believe that life is built on our relationships with each other and to ourselves. The relationship to ourselves is the one we often forget about. Life has a funny way of reminding us that we are not perfect and many things are out of our control. This can cause us to become afraid, angry, irritable, depressed, overbearing, rebellious, tearful.....But, then what? It is often the case that we like to avoid difficult feelings and hope that they will go away on their own. Sometimes they do...and sometimes they don't.
(413) 327-9638 View (413) 327-9638
Photo of Lorraine Fortes - Community Works Therapeutic Services, LLC, Counselor, LMHC, MFT
Community Works Therapeutic Services, LLC
Counselor, LMHC, MFT
1 Endorsed
Springfield, MA 01105
At Community Works Therapeutic Services (CWTS), we believe healing happens in community and serve clients from all walks of life. Were a community-rooted mental health practice ready to walk alongside you with evidence-based care and culturally responsive support to providing high-quality, evidence-based care. CWTS is a compassionate, safe, inclusive, and empowering space for individuals, families, and communities to thrive. A licensed mental health professional is dedicated to creating an environment of trust.
At Community Works Therapeutic Services (CWTS), we believe healing happens in community and serve clients from all walks of life. Were a community-rooted mental health practice ready to walk alongside you with evidence-based care and culturally responsive support to providing high-quality, evidence-based care. CWTS is a compassionate, safe, inclusive, and empowering space for individuals, families, and communities to thrive. A licensed mental health professional is dedicated to creating an environment of trust.
(413) 324-5245 View (413) 324-5245
Photo of Della R Blake - Black Behavioral Health Network Incorporated, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MEd, LADC1
Black Behavioral Health Network Incorporated
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MEd, LADC1
Springfield, MA 01105
We are available to help you to improve your overall well-being. To reduce distress, enhance your quality of life, and to build a brighter future for yourself and your family. We will work with you to break free and to heal from past and present traumas to prevent its intergenerational transmission. We want to help you live a more fulfilling life.
We are available to help you to improve your overall well-being. To reduce distress, enhance your quality of life, and to build a brighter future for yourself and your family. We will work with you to break free and to heal from past and present traumas to prevent its intergenerational transmission. We want to help you live a more fulfilling life.
(413) 366-9942 x700 View (413) 366-9942 x700
Photo of Courtney K Fitzgerald, Counselor, LMHC
Courtney K Fitzgerald
Counselor, LMHC
Serves Area
Individuals who seek help are incredibly courageous, and I am grateful to be a small piece of their journey along the way. My approach uses various modalities that are both, structured, and unstructured, depending on the needs of those I'm serving. Everyone deserves to have an opportunity to feel relief, joy, grounding, and security. This looks different for all, and I'm happy to adapt as needed while supporting in reaching the ultimate goals outlined. I offer the most experience with individuals who have experienced trauma and abuse, anxiety, depression, bipolar symptoms, relationship issues, ADHD, and addiction.
Individuals who seek help are incredibly courageous, and I am grateful to be a small piece of their journey along the way. My approach uses various modalities that are both, structured, and unstructured, depending on the needs of those I'm serving. Everyone deserves to have an opportunity to feel relief, joy, grounding, and security. This looks different for all, and I'm happy to adapt as needed while supporting in reaching the ultimate goals outlined. I offer the most experience with individuals who have experienced trauma and abuse, anxiety, depression, bipolar symptoms, relationship issues, ADHD, and addiction.
(413) 384-5538 View (413) 384-5538
Photo of Shalonda Edwards, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Shalonda Edwards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Therapy is much more than talking out your thoughts. I believe when engaged in therapy individuals feel supported, validated, empowered and encouraged to overcome or get through anything. Therapy is effective in dealing with a wide array of life’s most stressful issues including past trauma, anxiety, job or relationship issues, life transition, loss or just not feeling or functioning your best. I look forward to helping people build skills, think critically about their habits and work towards a better quality of life.
Therapy is much more than talking out your thoughts. I believe when engaged in therapy individuals feel supported, validated, empowered and encouraged to overcome or get through anything. Therapy is effective in dealing with a wide array of life’s most stressful issues including past trauma, anxiety, job or relationship issues, life transition, loss or just not feeling or functioning your best. I look forward to helping people build skills, think critically about their habits and work towards a better quality of life.
(413) 296-8916 View (413) 296-8916
Photo of Deborah J Merriman, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Deborah J Merriman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
If you are looking to change and need someone to encourage, support and guide you, I am a seasoned therapist who utilizes a coaching style which is directive, educational and compassionate.
If you are looking to change and need someone to encourage, support and guide you, I am a seasoned therapist who utilizes a coaching style which is directive, educational and compassionate.
(413) 268-6115 View (413) 268-6115
Photo of Ronald Williams - Renewed Mind Body & Spirit Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC1
Renewed Mind Body & Spirit Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC1
Serves Area
I bring something to individual and couples therapy that is rare today and not from a text book, that is lived experience. In drawing from different evidence based schools of thought in combination with my lived experience we will employ such modalities of therapy such as Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy. Adversity and struggle are situations that are common. The goal to avoid both would be ideal but that is not reality. Peace and calmness in the mist of adversity and struggle is a possible reality and what we will strive to help you achieve.
I bring something to individual and couples therapy that is rare today and not from a text book, that is lived experience. In drawing from different evidence based schools of thought in combination with my lived experience we will employ such modalities of therapy such as Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy. Adversity and struggle are situations that are common. The goal to avoid both would be ideal but that is not reality. Peace and calmness in the mist of adversity and struggle is a possible reality and what we will strive to help you achieve.
(413) 296-2814 View (413) 296-2814
Photo of Hannah Laflin, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC
Hannah Laflin
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC
Serves Area
I am a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor (LADC) with NADDAC certifications in tobacco cessation, gambling prevention, and related areas. I support clients in active recovery and those with complex trauma histories, including survivors of human trafficking, domestic violence, and veterans with military or combat trauma. I also have experience working with individuals transitioning post-incarceration, helping them navigate challenges and rebuild their lives. I believe that every person holds value and deserves the opportunity for recovery, however that may look for them.
I am a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor (LADC) with NADDAC certifications in tobacco cessation, gambling prevention, and related areas. I support clients in active recovery and those with complex trauma histories, including survivors of human trafficking, domestic violence, and veterans with military or combat trauma. I also have experience working with individuals transitioning post-incarceration, helping them navigate challenges and rebuild their lives. I believe that every person holds value and deserves the opportunity for recovery, however that may look for them.
(860) 926-5310 View (860) 926-5310
Photo of Jennifer Watkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Jennifer Watkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you struggling with a life change? Are you feeling stuck, are you experiencing sadness, worry, stress, low self-esteem, or lack of confidence? Do you want to understand yourself better? Are you a young adult, entering a new world of responsibilities? Therapy can help! Starting therapy can feel strange... You're sharing very personal things with a stranger which can be scary and intimidating. I believe that a trusting rapport is most important in a therapeutic relationship and will always spend the time needed to help you to feel comfortable, regardless of how long it takes.
Are you struggling with a life change? Are you feeling stuck, are you experiencing sadness, worry, stress, low self-esteem, or lack of confidence? Do you want to understand yourself better? Are you a young adult, entering a new world of responsibilities? Therapy can help! Starting therapy can feel strange... You're sharing very personal things with a stranger which can be scary and intimidating. I believe that a trusting rapport is most important in a therapeutic relationship and will always spend the time needed to help you to feel comfortable, regardless of how long it takes.
(413) 393-6058 View (413) 393-6058
Photo of Courtney Supple, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Courtney Supple
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
1 Endorsed
Springfield, MA 01105
Not accepting new clients
I work with young adults to people in their mid-40s who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of how to move forward. You might be carrying the weight of things that happened long ago—especially in childhood—that still shape how you see yourself and your relationships today. Maybe you use substances, food, spending, sex, or work to cope, and you're tired of the cycle. Maybe you feel like something’s wrong with you—like you’re too much, not enough, or somehow broken. In therapy, we’ll explore where those beliefs and patterns came from, and why they made sense at the time.
I work with young adults to people in their mid-40s who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of how to move forward. You might be carrying the weight of things that happened long ago—especially in childhood—that still shape how you see yourself and your relationships today. Maybe you use substances, food, spending, sex, or work to cope, and you're tired of the cycle. Maybe you feel like something’s wrong with you—like you’re too much, not enough, or somehow broken. In therapy, we’ll explore where those beliefs and patterns came from, and why they made sense at the time.
(413) 287-8226 View (413) 287-8226
Photo of Catherine Zuzick, Counselor, LMHC, MS
Catherine Zuzick
Counselor, LMHC, MS
Online Only
The type of client that seems to work well with me are those with ADHD, depression, anxiety, or similar and who have the drive to want to find a different way of living. They may even have some goals in mind already that they would like to accomplish and may need the help of someone to put them into action. I look forward to helping someone to find the reason for the change that they want to make which would make it that more powerful.
The type of client that seems to work well with me are those with ADHD, depression, anxiety, or similar and who have the drive to want to find a different way of living. They may even have some goals in mind already that they would like to accomplish and may need the help of someone to put them into action. I look forward to helping someone to find the reason for the change that they want to make which would make it that more powerful.
(413) 414-4633 View (413) 414-4633
Photo of Brittanie C Jemes - Golden 3 Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Golden 3 Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
FREE & Sliding Scale Options with MSW level interns + Immediate Openings “they say lavender softens anxiety / and i wonder whether i can plant a garden / so dense in your mind / that the knots in your chest unravel / and never tighten again.”-jasmine kaur Let’s plant a garden together in your heart. I have the tools and you have the sunlight and the rain too. The work of therapy is an art, a dance, a co-creation. It is a dynamic and transformative process that is a joy to bear witness to, even when it’s hard. It ebbs and it flows. I appreciate being the tender of so many gardens and seeing such magnificent growth. Welcome.
FREE & Sliding Scale Options with MSW level interns + Immediate Openings “they say lavender softens anxiety / and i wonder whether i can plant a garden / so dense in your mind / that the knots in your chest unravel / and never tighten again.”-jasmine kaur Let’s plant a garden together in your heart. I have the tools and you have the sunlight and the rain too. The work of therapy is an art, a dance, a co-creation. It is a dynamic and transformative process that is a joy to bear witness to, even when it’s hard. It ebbs and it flows. I appreciate being the tender of so many gardens and seeing such magnificent growth. Welcome.
(413) 384-5489 View (413) 384-5489
Photo of Shanda Lazare, Counselor, LMHC
Shanda Lazare
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
Hello there! My name is Dr. Shanda Reynolds, LMHC. I work with brave individuals, throughout the age span, who are ready to live in the present moment. While our past builds us up to who we are now, we are best served when we recognize the value of those experiences while not using them as a gauge to determine our value right now. We work on goals by helping to unpack where you feel constrained. Sometimes we begin with a larger goal that we work on "right sizing" to a more concentrated size. Often, we will begin working on one goal and realize other goals may need to be addressed first. All of this is done in collaboration.
Hello there! My name is Dr. Shanda Reynolds, LMHC. I work with brave individuals, throughout the age span, who are ready to live in the present moment. While our past builds us up to who we are now, we are best served when we recognize the value of those experiences while not using them as a gauge to determine our value right now. We work on goals by helping to unpack where you feel constrained. Sometimes we begin with a larger goal that we work on "right sizing" to a more concentrated size. Often, we will begin working on one goal and realize other goals may need to be addressed first. All of this is done in collaboration.
(857) 240-9052 View (857) 240-9052
Photo of Zachary Kinsley-Greeley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Zachary Kinsley-Greeley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Currently accepting new clients. Hello! I pursued a career in therapy to offer support and a safe, therapeutic space for the queer community because it was something I would have liked to have had as a young person growing up. I enjoy working with teens and adults dealing with issues of acceptance, interpersonal conflict, chronic mental illness, and life transitions. I also enjoy working with parents who are seeking to repair their relationship with a LGBTQ+ child. If you’re looking for unconditional positive regard balanced with healthy accountability (and a sense of humor), I’d love to work with you.
Currently accepting new clients. Hello! I pursued a career in therapy to offer support and a safe, therapeutic space for the queer community because it was something I would have liked to have had as a young person growing up. I enjoy working with teens and adults dealing with issues of acceptance, interpersonal conflict, chronic mental illness, and life transitions. I also enjoy working with parents who are seeking to repair their relationship with a LGBTQ+ child. If you’re looking for unconditional positive regard balanced with healthy accountability (and a sense of humor), I’d love to work with you.
(413) 553-1256 View (413) 553-1256
Photo of Dr. Eunice Avilés, Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LMHC, LPC
Dr. Eunice Avilés
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LMHC, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you experiencing sadness, anxiety, or fear? Are you ready to talk to someone about a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia? Are you struggling with doubts about your sexuality or your gender identity? Are you struggling with sex addiction or problem gambling? Are you or a loved one struggling with the impact of discrimination? I provide mental health services to individuals living in the US and expats seeking help to manage the above life challenges and cross-cultural transitions. Early Bird Appointments available.
Are you experiencing sadness, anxiety, or fear? Are you ready to talk to someone about a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia? Are you struggling with doubts about your sexuality or your gender identity? Are you struggling with sex addiction or problem gambling? Are you or a loved one struggling with the impact of discrimination? I provide mental health services to individuals living in the US and expats seeking help to manage the above life challenges and cross-cultural transitions. Early Bird Appointments available.
(908) 913-8285 View (908) 913-8285
Photo of Eva Sachsse, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LCSW
Eva Sachsse
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
NEW clients welcome ! Have you noticed your self-esteem and confidence being low? Is anxiety or depression leaving you feeling tired, frustrated and worried? Are you struggling with trauma or grief making it hard to see better days ahead? Is adjusting to college life, making friends and staying organized been a struggle? or Have you had a difficult time with your social relationships? Seeking therapy is a courageous move, whether you’re addressing a particular issue or aiming more generally to have greater peace, satisfaction, and self-awareness. Whatever your motivation for starting therapy, i look forward to supporting you.
NEW clients welcome ! Have you noticed your self-esteem and confidence being low? Is anxiety or depression leaving you feeling tired, frustrated and worried? Are you struggling with trauma or grief making it hard to see better days ahead? Is adjusting to college life, making friends and staying organized been a struggle? or Have you had a difficult time with your social relationships? Seeking therapy is a courageous move, whether you’re addressing a particular issue or aiming more generally to have greater peace, satisfaction, and self-awareness. Whatever your motivation for starting therapy, i look forward to supporting you.
(508) 413-6581 View (508) 413-6581
Photo of Rachel E. Jadkowski, Psychologist, PsyD
Rachel E. Jadkowski
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
Offering individual therapy sessions in Massachusetts and Vermont. Freud believed that the goal of psychoanalysis is to free a person to love and to work. Similarly, I see therapy as a process of liberation that frees one to love and contribute to the world. The liberation of one person, sparks liberation in the rest of the world too. I believe that each of us has a unique contribution to make in the world. I see therapy as a process of freeing people to love and contribute. By liberating ourselves, we liberate others.
Offering individual therapy sessions in Massachusetts and Vermont. Freud believed that the goal of psychoanalysis is to free a person to love and to work. Similarly, I see therapy as a process of liberation that frees one to love and contribute to the world. The liberation of one person, sparks liberation in the rest of the world too. I believe that each of us has a unique contribution to make in the world. I see therapy as a process of freeing people to love and contribute. By liberating ourselves, we liberate others.
(781) 352-9389 View (781) 352-9389
Photo of Rebekah Doweyko - Bardwell Behavioral, Counselor, LMHC, CEDS-S
Bardwell Behavioral
Counselor, LMHC, CEDS-S
Online Only
Understanding we are all in different "stages of change", we utilize an eclectic approach to guide you through your own process at your own pace. It is absolutely an honor and our passion to treat those who struggle with mental health issues such as Eating Disorders, Substance Use, trauma, depression, anxiety, family conflict, relationship issues and associated disorders. We employ an individualized approach to therapy in order to empower people to change their lives. In the wise words of Maya Angelou, "My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, humor, and style."
Understanding we are all in different "stages of change", we utilize an eclectic approach to guide you through your own process at your own pace. It is absolutely an honor and our passion to treat those who struggle with mental health issues such as Eating Disorders, Substance Use, trauma, depression, anxiety, family conflict, relationship issues and associated disorders. We employ an individualized approach to therapy in order to empower people to change their lives. In the wise words of Maya Angelou, "My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, humor, and style."
(508) 422-4934 View (508) 422-4934
Photo of Amanda Klink, Counselor, LMHC
Amanda Klink
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
You are a unique individual, and no other being across all of space and time has had your particular set of circumstances and experiences. That's why I find it so important to have an individualized, person-centered approach with each client. Whether you are facing a life-altering transition, feeling depressed or anxious, or processing past trauma, together we can choose from a variety of evidence-based techniques to develop the skills you need to improve your daily life.
You are a unique individual, and no other being across all of space and time has had your particular set of circumstances and experiences. That's why I find it so important to have an individualized, person-centered approach with each client. Whether you are facing a life-altering transition, feeling depressed or anxious, or processing past trauma, together we can choose from a variety of evidence-based techniques to develop the skills you need to improve your daily life.
(413) 225-8925 View (413) 225-8925
Photo of Jayson M Brunelle, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, CAGS, LPC
Jayson M Brunelle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, CAGS, LPC
Online Only
Are you a person of faith who has been experiencing significant difficulties in life? Have you found yourself asking, “If God is all-good and all-powerful, why is there so much evil in the world—and in my own life?” Have your emotions begun to feel overwhelming? When the alarm goes off in the AM, do you feel exhausted at the prospect of dragging yourself through yet another meaningless, unfulfilling day? Perhaps you’ve turned to unhealthy substances/behaviors in an effort to escape or numb the pain? Maybe you feel stuck in the past or burdened by fear and uncertainty about the future? If so, you may be longing for a way forward.
Are you a person of faith who has been experiencing significant difficulties in life? Have you found yourself asking, “If God is all-good and all-powerful, why is there so much evil in the world—and in my own life?” Have your emotions begun to feel overwhelming? When the alarm goes off in the AM, do you feel exhausted at the prospect of dragging yourself through yet another meaningless, unfulfilling day? Perhaps you’ve turned to unhealthy substances/behaviors in an effort to escape or numb the pain? Maybe you feel stuck in the past or burdened by fear and uncertainty about the future? If so, you may be longing for a way forward.
(860) 362-2805 View (860) 362-2805

See more therapy options for 01105

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 01105

20+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in 01105 who prioritize treating:

88% Depression
88% Anxiety
83% Self Esteem
79% Trauma and PTSD
67% Relationship Issues
54% Coping Skills
54% Stress

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 01105 see their clients

58% Online Only
42% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 01105?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.