Photo of Sarah Edmonds, MA, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Sarah Edmonds
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
Thank you for joining me here - my name is Sarah, I am a qualified Art Psychotherapist who specialises with working with bereavement, grief and loss - it’s painful, unexpected and complicatedness is very welcome here. The intricate and exclusiveness of each individual grieving process is as unique as a fingerprint and through my practice, I strive to provide a safe, gentle and nourishing space for all forms of loss to be deeply acknowledged, held and grown around.
Thank you for joining me here - my name is Sarah, I am a qualified Art Psychotherapist who specialises with working with bereavement, grief and loss - it’s painful, unexpected and complicatedness is very welcome here. The intricate and exclusiveness of each individual grieving process is as unique as a fingerprint and through my practice, I strive to provide a safe, gentle and nourishing space for all forms of loss to be deeply acknowledged, held and grown around.
020 4572 1863 View 020 4572 1863
Photo of Dr Cecilia Wolfenstein-Harris, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Cecilia Wolfenstein-Harris
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Most people experience difficulties at some stage of their life, such as overwhelming distress, feeling of ‘stuckness’ or lack of meaningfulness. Thoughts and feelings can be difficult to identify alone and come to terms with alone. Talking to a therapist in a confidential and supportive environment is a space to understand and address your difficulties. My view is that the role of the therapist is to explore with the client their core beliefs, in order to identify their feelings of ‘stuckness’ and relationship patterns.
Most people experience difficulties at some stage of their life, such as overwhelming distress, feeling of ‘stuckness’ or lack of meaningfulness. Thoughts and feelings can be difficult to identify alone and come to terms with alone. Talking to a therapist in a confidential and supportive environment is a space to understand and address your difficulties. My view is that the role of the therapist is to explore with the client their core beliefs, in order to identify their feelings of ‘stuckness’ and relationship patterns.
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Photo of Alana Black, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Alana Black
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
There are many reasons why we may seek the help of a therapist. Sometimes it can be because we feel overwhelmed, defeated, or find ourselves in crisis, due to relationship difficulties, employment changes or life-transitions. Sometimes we feel isolated and painfully stuck and may be having difficulty understanding why, or we may be struggling to work through challenging personal and relational issues. Perhaps we have lost touch with important aspects of ourselves, or are getting caught up in rigid or self-defeating behavioural patterns.
There are many reasons why we may seek the help of a therapist. Sometimes it can be because we feel overwhelmed, defeated, or find ourselves in crisis, due to relationship difficulties, employment changes or life-transitions. Sometimes we feel isolated and painfully stuck and may be having difficulty understanding why, or we may be struggling to work through challenging personal and relational issues. Perhaps we have lost touch with important aspects of ourselves, or are getting caught up in rigid or self-defeating behavioural patterns.
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Photo of Dr Adila Mahmood, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Adila Mahmood
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Adila and I'm a Counselling Psychologist registered with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). I have been working in the mental health field for over 10 years. My professional background includes working in mental health hospitals and outpatient clinics in the National Health Service (NHS) as well as the private sector.
My name is Adila and I'm a Counselling Psychologist registered with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). I have been working in the mental health field for over 10 years. My professional background includes working in mental health hospitals and outpatient clinics in the National Health Service (NHS) as well as the private sector.
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Photo of Steven Dunn Msc, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Steven Dunn Msc
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I understand navigating life’s challenges—whether related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, stress, relationship or sexual issues—can be overwhelming. I offer a confidential, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings one-to-one. What sets me apart is my focus on not just your current struggles but also understanding how your past has shaped you. Together, we’ll work through these challenges, helping you build a future that truly excites and motivates you, at a pace that feels right for you. To help you move forward, with clarity, confidence & purpose. For more information visit: www.TheJourneyTherapists.com
I understand navigating life’s challenges—whether related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, stress, relationship or sexual issues—can be overwhelming. I offer a confidential, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings one-to-one. What sets me apart is my focus on not just your current struggles but also understanding how your past has shaped you. Together, we’ll work through these challenges, helping you build a future that truly excites and motivates you, at a pace that feels right for you. To help you move forward, with clarity, confidence & purpose. For more information visit: www.TheJourneyTherapists.com
020 8016 2431 View 020 8016 2431
Photo of Donna Mendel - Pavana Therapy, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Pavana Therapy
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
I practice psychodynamic Psychotherapy it is a form of therapy that focuses on the unconscious processess as they are manifested in a person's present behaviour. This type of therapy aims to explore unresolved conflicts and issues from the past that may be influencing your current thoughts, emotions and behaviours. It often involves exploring early childhood experiences and relationships to gain insight into patterns of behaviour and develop a deeper understanding of yourself.
I practice psychodynamic Psychotherapy it is a form of therapy that focuses on the unconscious processess as they are manifested in a person's present behaviour. This type of therapy aims to explore unresolved conflicts and issues from the past that may be influencing your current thoughts, emotions and behaviours. It often involves exploring early childhood experiences and relationships to gain insight into patterns of behaviour and develop a deeper understanding of yourself.
020 7870 6481 View 020 7870 6481
The Body Image Treatment Clinic, London.
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Our team of Psychologists and additional clinicians are all HCPC registered, representing the gold standard in evidence-based interventions. Our highly experienced team are proficient in treating most psychological conditions but we have a special interest in presentations which impact both mind and body. Such as: Eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, low body confidence, intimacy issues & sexual dysfunction, self-criticism, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, adult and childhood trauma (physical, emotional and sexual), addictions, neurodiversity, gender dysphoria, LGBTQ+, skin/sweat conditions as well as physical injury.
Our team of Psychologists and additional clinicians are all HCPC registered, representing the gold standard in evidence-based interventions. Our highly experienced team are proficient in treating most psychological conditions but we have a special interest in presentations which impact both mind and body. Such as: Eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, low body confidence, intimacy issues & sexual dysfunction, self-criticism, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, adult and childhood trauma (physical, emotional and sexual), addictions, neurodiversity, gender dysphoria, LGBTQ+, skin/sweat conditions as well as physical injury.
020 3835 2757 View 020 3835 2757
Photo of Marcelline Menyié - Intra Therapy, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Intra Therapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Experienced psychotherapist and consultant. We are the experts of our lives and sometimes, we go through difficult times, where we may need support from someone else, to guide us on our journey. How I offer this support is by providing a safe space, allowing you to have the autonomy to be that expert in your life. I strongly focus on safety, trust and a person centred foundation, as it is important for you to feel that the therapeutic space, is your safe space. Know that working with me, you will feel seen. You will feel heard. You will feel understood. I welcome you to a safe space where we can make sense of things together.
Experienced psychotherapist and consultant. We are the experts of our lives and sometimes, we go through difficult times, where we may need support from someone else, to guide us on our journey. How I offer this support is by providing a safe space, allowing you to have the autonomy to be that expert in your life. I strongly focus on safety, trust and a person centred foundation, as it is important for you to feel that the therapeutic space, is your safe space. Know that working with me, you will feel seen. You will feel heard. You will feel understood. I welcome you to a safe space where we can make sense of things together.
01708 989874 View 01708 989874
Photo of Ailis Clarke, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Ailis Clarke
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
It is difficult to stay on course throughout our lives. As a behavioural psychologist and psychotherapist, I understand why some people come to therapy when they feel they have lost the sense of who they are by bending into who they think their partner, boss or parents need. Others may come feeling unable to handle a sudden traumatic event or circumstances that have slowly built for years. Whatever difficulties have brought you to this point, I will create a warm, understanding and calm place for you to share them and begin to leave some of them behind. I focus on four areas anxiety, mediation, infidelity and life transitions.
It is difficult to stay on course throughout our lives. As a behavioural psychologist and psychotherapist, I understand why some people come to therapy when they feel they have lost the sense of who they are by bending into who they think their partner, boss or parents need. Others may come feeling unable to handle a sudden traumatic event or circumstances that have slowly built for years. Whatever difficulties have brought you to this point, I will create a warm, understanding and calm place for you to share them and begin to leave some of them behind. I focus on four areas anxiety, mediation, infidelity and life transitions.
01483 967264 View 01483 967264
Photo of Dr Max Eames, PhD, CPsychol, Psychologist
Dr Max Eames
Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Success is often depicted as a series of milestones achieved through talent, hard work, and perseverance. Yet, there’s a hidden dimension to success that goes beyond external accomplishments. The "secret language of success" includes understanding and overcoming personal emotional challenges that can impede our progress. Every successful individual has faced various personal challenges. Typically, the impact of such challenges goes unnoticed for quite some time. Anxiety can make it hard for us to focus and perform. Depression can cast a shadow over our aspirations. Low self-esteem and self-doubt can inhibit our confidence.
Success is often depicted as a series of milestones achieved through talent, hard work, and perseverance. Yet, there’s a hidden dimension to success that goes beyond external accomplishments. The "secret language of success" includes understanding and overcoming personal emotional challenges that can impede our progress. Every successful individual has faced various personal challenges. Typically, the impact of such challenges goes unnoticed for quite some time. Anxiety can make it hard for us to focus and perform. Depression can cast a shadow over our aspirations. Low self-esteem and self-doubt can inhibit our confidence.
020 4538 6722 View 020 4538 6722
Photo of Anna Carver, BPC, Psychotherapist
Anna Carver
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
I am an experienced and certified psychodynamic psychotherapist. I work with individuals and couples seeking help with relationship difficulties, anxiety, low mood and depression, low self-esteem, work performance, creativity and psychosexual problems. I provide a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space for you to talk about your thoughts, feelings and emotions, both online or in a lovely room in Queen Anne Street, London W1.
I am an experienced and certified psychodynamic psychotherapist. I work with individuals and couples seeking help with relationship difficulties, anxiety, low mood and depression, low self-esteem, work performance, creativity and psychosexual problems. I provide a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space for you to talk about your thoughts, feelings and emotions, both online or in a lovely room in Queen Anne Street, London W1.
020 3974 2898 View 020 3974 2898
Photo of Joanna Konstantopoulou, MSc, HCPC - Health Psych., Psychologist
Joanna Konstantopoulou
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Health Psych.
Verified Verified
With over 18 years of scientific knowledge in psychology, and over 14 years of professional clinical experience she is an expert in behavioral and emotional change. Joanna’s experience includes psychological therapy for individuals, groups and couples with a variety of emotional and behavioural issues including depression, anxiety, and relationship issues
With over 18 years of scientific knowledge in psychology, and over 14 years of professional clinical experience she is an expert in behavioral and emotional change. Joanna’s experience includes psychological therapy for individuals, groups and couples with a variety of emotional and behavioural issues including depression, anxiety, and relationship issues
020 3962 1120 View 020 3962 1120
Photo of Joanna King, MBACP, Counsellor
Joanna King
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
I offer a warm and compassionate space for you to process whatever might be troubling you right now. I am trauma-informed and have a special interest in working with people with low self-esteem, relational and self-worth issues. Since training at Metanoia Institue, I have been pursuing further training in different modalities such as IFS and other trauma focused practices, such as the works of Gabor Maté and Bessel van der Kolk. I have a special interest in developmental trauma, co-dependendency and complex-PTSD.
I offer a warm and compassionate space for you to process whatever might be troubling you right now. I am trauma-informed and have a special interest in working with people with low self-esteem, relational and self-worth issues. Since training at Metanoia Institue, I have been pursuing further training in different modalities such as IFS and other trauma focused practices, such as the works of Gabor Maté and Bessel van der Kolk. I have a special interest in developmental trauma, co-dependendency and complex-PTSD.
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Photo of Jesse Tremblay, MSc, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Jesse Tremblay
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Online Only
As a fully Registered Counselling Psychologist, I believe in the importance of developing a collaborative, therapeutic relationship that helps you find solutions to your problems in a way that is most effective and comfortable for you.
As a fully Registered Counselling Psychologist, I believe in the importance of developing a collaborative, therapeutic relationship that helps you find solutions to your problems in a way that is most effective and comfortable for you.
020 3657 9858 View 020 3657 9858
Photo of Yossi Koffler, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Yossi Koffler
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
My name is Yossi Koffler and I am a Clinical Psychologist, trained in UCL and based in London, UK. With over a decade of experience delivering psychology sessions, I have cultivated a deep understanding of various disciplines including Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Compassion Focused Therapy, and Mindfulness. My aim is always to craft the most suitable solution for each client's unique needs. Whether you're contemplating a shift in your life, navigating past traumas, addressing emotional challenges, or pursuing personal growth, I am here to support you.
My name is Yossi Koffler and I am a Clinical Psychologist, trained in UCL and based in London, UK. With over a decade of experience delivering psychology sessions, I have cultivated a deep understanding of various disciplines including Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Compassion Focused Therapy, and Mindfulness. My aim is always to craft the most suitable solution for each client's unique needs. Whether you're contemplating a shift in your life, navigating past traumas, addressing emotional challenges, or pursuing personal growth, I am here to support you.
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Photo of Valerie Manners, MBACP, Counsellor
Valerie Manners
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
On-line CBT Counselling Specialist, Therapeutic Coach and Face to Face Practitioner - MBACP. For 15 years I have been in private practice in Harley Street, London, Marlow in Bucks and Hove in Sussex. I have been offering video consultations via Zoom, WhatsApp and other platforms for many years. This has the advantage of being conducted at your convenience from your own front room. You can choose the platform that you are most familiar with e.g. Zoom, Facetime, WhatsApp or Skype. Cognitive behavioural therapy is proven to make a big difference to anxiety and depression and it is also approved by the NHS.
On-line CBT Counselling Specialist, Therapeutic Coach and Face to Face Practitioner - MBACP. For 15 years I have been in private practice in Harley Street, London, Marlow in Bucks and Hove in Sussex. I have been offering video consultations via Zoom, WhatsApp and other platforms for many years. This has the advantage of being conducted at your convenience from your own front room. You can choose the platform that you are most familiar with e.g. Zoom, Facetime, WhatsApp or Skype. Cognitive behavioural therapy is proven to make a big difference to anxiety and depression and it is also approved by the NHS.
01494 360824 View 01494 360824
Photo of Lisa Sanfilippo, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Lisa Sanfilippo
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
While you may be seeking therapy to help you out of a dark or difficult time- due to anxiety, depression, relationship issues, crisis of meaning, insomnia... therapy can be a powerful gift. We learn a great deal about ourselves and others- ultimately about living life with more ease and enjoyment. We'll get curious about what you learnt growing up: your world-view, your assumptions and even your bodily responses to situations that you face today. We'll see what has worked for you and what causes pain or limits you- to unblock and clear the path forward with compassion, kindness, insight, and even at times, a sense of humour.
While you may be seeking therapy to help you out of a dark or difficult time- due to anxiety, depression, relationship issues, crisis of meaning, insomnia... therapy can be a powerful gift. We learn a great deal about ourselves and others- ultimately about living life with more ease and enjoyment. We'll get curious about what you learnt growing up: your world-view, your assumptions and even your bodily responses to situations that you face today. We'll see what has worked for you and what causes pain or limits you- to unblock and clear the path forward with compassion, kindness, insight, and even at times, a sense of humour.
020 3835 6084 View 020 3835 6084
Photo of Dr Juan Du, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Juan Du
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dr. Juan Du (DCPsych, CPsychol) Hello, I’m Dr. Juan Du, an award-winning bilingual psychotherapist and a chartered counselling psychologist based in the UK. I take pride in delivering therapy that fosters meaningful change and has a positive, lasting impact on their lives. If you’d like to explore how I can support you, please feel free to get in touch.
Dr. Juan Du (DCPsych, CPsychol) Hello, I’m Dr. Juan Du, an award-winning bilingual psychotherapist and a chartered counselling psychologist based in the UK. I take pride in delivering therapy that fosters meaningful change and has a positive, lasting impact on their lives. If you’d like to explore how I can support you, please feel free to get in touch.
020 4572 2316 View 020 4572 2316
Photo of Elli Josephs, BPC, Psychotherapist
Elli Josephs
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
I am an experienced psychodynamic psychotherapist working with adults in private practice and the NHS. Having trained at the Tavistock Centre, I am registered with the British Psychoanalytic Council (BPC) and the Tavistock Society of Psychotherapists. I have held psychotherapy positions in three London NHS trusts and have broad experience in the creative and media industries, as well as in voluntary sector family support services. I aim to offer a safe and confidential environment in which you can explore the issues that bring you to therapy.
I am an experienced psychodynamic psychotherapist working with adults in private practice and the NHS. Having trained at the Tavistock Centre, I am registered with the British Psychoanalytic Council (BPC) and the Tavistock Society of Psychotherapists. I have held psychotherapy positions in three London NHS trusts and have broad experience in the creative and media industries, as well as in voluntary sector family support services. I aim to offer a safe and confidential environment in which you can explore the issues that bring you to therapy.
020 4538 3672 View 020 4538 3672
Photo of Janine Hayward - Composurepsychology, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Janine Hayward - Composurepsychology
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hello. Do you struggle with stress from; work, relationships, or parenting? Are you overwhelmed, worried, depressed, stuck, or low in self-esteem? You are not alone. Does your need to be perfect upset you or take up too much time? Is a trauma, threat to your health, an illness, a major loss or death hurting you? It doesn't have to be that way. We help people like you understand your distress, learn new skills for managing uncomfortable emotions and thoughts, improve relationships, and find meaning and focus. We're Clinical Psychologists (HCPC), with >10 years of experience delivering effective therapy to kids, teens and adults.
Hello. Do you struggle with stress from; work, relationships, or parenting? Are you overwhelmed, worried, depressed, stuck, or low in self-esteem? You are not alone. Does your need to be perfect upset you or take up too much time? Is a trauma, threat to your health, an illness, a major loss or death hurting you? It doesn't have to be that way. We help people like you understand your distress, learn new skills for managing uncomfortable emotions and thoughts, improve relationships, and find meaning and focus. We're Clinical Psychologists (HCPC), with >10 years of experience delivering effective therapy to kids, teens and adults.
0333 344 2063 View 0333 344 2063
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See more therapy options for W1G

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in W1G

300+

Average cost per session

£100

Counsellors in W1G who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
81% Self Esteem
81% Stress
73% Trauma and PTSD
64% Bereavement

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aviva
63% AXA PPP
62% Vitality

How Counsellors in W1G see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

72% Female
28% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in W1G?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.