Counselling in London

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Photo of Valérie Wendorff - Dr Valérie Wendorff-CPsychol/Psychotherapist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Valérie Wendorff-CPsychol/Psychotherapist
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London W1U
I have 15 years of experience and have worked in a variety of settings across the lifespan in both public and private sectors. My roles were not limited to clinical work but also at a management level such as being the Supervisor and Training Manager at an eating disorders facility and head of a disability department at a school. I have extensive experience in different presentations: OCD, eating disorders, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, relationship issues, and psychological assessments. I am recognised by Bupa Global, Aviva and WPA.
I have 15 years of experience and have worked in a variety of settings across the lifespan in both public and private sectors. My roles were not limited to clinical work but also at a management level such as being the Supervisor and Training Manager at an eating disorders facility and head of a disability department at a school. I have extensive experience in different presentations: OCD, eating disorders, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, relationship issues, and psychological assessments. I am recognised by Bupa Global, Aviva and WPA.
020 3962 0466 View 020 3962 0466
Photo of Louis Carruthers, MBACP, Counsellor
Louis Carruthers
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London E1
I am an Integrative Counsellor (MBACP) and I work with adults both in-person and online on a wide range of behavioural, emotional, and relationship issues. I am here to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings and facilitate self-awareness and movement towards healing and growth. I have been trained in a number of modalities including person-centred, psychodynamic, existential, cognitive, and relational approaches. My practice also draws on embodied/somatic approaches to trauma. My approach is tailored to the client and what works best for each individual.​
I am an Integrative Counsellor (MBACP) and I work with adults both in-person and online on a wide range of behavioural, emotional, and relationship issues. I am here to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings and facilitate self-awareness and movement towards healing and growth. I have been trained in a number of modalities including person-centred, psychodynamic, existential, cognitive, and relational approaches. My practice also draws on embodied/somatic approaches to trauma. My approach is tailored to the client and what works best for each individual.​
020 3949 7725 View 020 3949 7725
Photo of Sophia Tait, MBACP, Counsellor
Sophia Tait
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE1  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I provide psychotherapeutic counselling and I would like to help you to feel better- whatever that means to you. Perhaps you want to relieve depression or anxiety? Heal from trauma? Work through difficulties in relationships or at work? Maybe you just want to feel more vitality, more connected to yourself & to live life more fully. I’m an experienced therapist and I’m passionate about providing professional & effective therapy. I offer a non-judgmental & supportive space where you can be yourself as we explore what is causing you suffering or holding you back. We will work as a team to help you to access your inner resources.
I provide psychotherapeutic counselling and I would like to help you to feel better- whatever that means to you. Perhaps you want to relieve depression or anxiety? Heal from trauma? Work through difficulties in relationships or at work? Maybe you just want to feel more vitality, more connected to yourself & to live life more fully. I’m an experienced therapist and I’m passionate about providing professional & effective therapy. I offer a non-judgmental & supportive space where you can be yourself as we explore what is causing you suffering or holding you back. We will work as a team to help you to access your inner resources.
020 3872 2492 View 020 3872 2492
Photo of Helen Allman, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Helen Allman
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N19
I’m a registered psychotherapist and trained wild therapist, and I work outdoors on Hampstead Heath and online. I specialise in working with people who seek a deeper, more meaningful connection with life, with other people, and with the world around them.
I’m a registered psychotherapist and trained wild therapist, and I work outdoors on Hampstead Heath and online. I specialise in working with people who seek a deeper, more meaningful connection with life, with other people, and with the world around them.
020 3962 0883 View 020 3962 0883
Photo of Maya Soto Jones, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Maya Soto Jones
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London E8  (Online Only)
How often do you have a space that is just for you? If you are here, you have already made the first step of recognizing you need this space and time. Together we can go on a journey where you can discover what has been holding you back, work through painful memories and understand yourself better. This journey will allow you to let go of what isn’t working and grow your confidence, compassion and self-acceptance. I am passionate about offering a space where we can explore freely. You are the expert of your own life, and I am here to be by your side and guide you every step of the way.
How often do you have a space that is just for you? If you are here, you have already made the first step of recognizing you need this space and time. Together we can go on a journey where you can discover what has been holding you back, work through painful memories and understand yourself better. This journey will allow you to let go of what isn’t working and grow your confidence, compassion and self-acceptance. I am passionate about offering a space where we can explore freely. You are the expert of your own life, and I am here to be by your side and guide you every step of the way.
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Photo of Dr Nicole Harvey, HCPC - Forensic Psych., Psychologist
Dr Nicole Harvey
Psychologist, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
Verified Verified
London NW6  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
If you're reading this you're probably looking for some support to make important changes to your life. Maybe you’ve noticed unhealthy or unwanted patterns in your relationships. Maybe you’re struggling to make sense of your emotions and behaviours. I will help you to understand yourself and support you to make the changes you may have been struggling to make on your own. You've come to the right place.
If you're reading this you're probably looking for some support to make important changes to your life. Maybe you’ve noticed unhealthy or unwanted patterns in your relationships. Maybe you’re struggling to make sense of your emotions and behaviours. I will help you to understand yourself and support you to make the changes you may have been struggling to make on your own. You've come to the right place.
020 4572 0474 View 020 4572 0474
Photo of Robert Backai - Forth Counselling & CBT, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Forth Counselling & CBT
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London E1
Life can surprise and challenge us in many ways. Having a safe space and the support of a therapist can help you explore and 'make sense' of what's troubling you, build new perspectives and move forward in life in healthier ways.
Life can surprise and challenge us in many ways. Having a safe space and the support of a therapist can help you explore and 'make sense' of what's troubling you, build new perspectives and move forward in life in healthier ways.
020 4572 1715 View 020 4572 1715
Photo of Yasmine Donia Najib, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Yasmine Donia Najib
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London E8
If you're navigating relational difficulties, grappling with anxiety, depression, stress, or struggling with self-esteem and identity issues, therapy can be a valuable space to explore these feelings. I work with adults seeking support to work through difficult experiences, wanting to better understand their emotions, behaviours, and the impact of past events on their present lives. Whether you're looking for confidence-building, dealing with personal or work-related concerns, or simply wanting a non-judgmental space to process your thoughts, my aim is to provide the support and understanding you need to move forward.
If you're navigating relational difficulties, grappling with anxiety, depression, stress, or struggling with self-esteem and identity issues, therapy can be a valuable space to explore these feelings. I work with adults seeking support to work through difficult experiences, wanting to better understand their emotions, behaviours, and the impact of past events on their present lives. Whether you're looking for confidence-building, dealing with personal or work-related concerns, or simply wanting a non-judgmental space to process your thoughts, my aim is to provide the support and understanding you need to move forward.
020 4572 0056 View 020 4572 0056
Photo of Maja (Maya) Zivkovic, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Maja (Maya) Zivkovic
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London W7
Short and long term trauma-informed counselling and EMDR for individuals. Couples counselling. Supervision for counsellors. I provide a non-judgemental, safe and holding space where you can get an insight into your problems and symptoms. Trauma-informed counselling is not about finding what's "wrong" with you; it is about helping you to understand how your past experiences are contributing to your current problems and supporting you to find your own way in moving forward in life. I am a qualified EMDR practitioner and have an extensive experience in working with trauma survivors in private practice and larger organisations.
Short and long term trauma-informed counselling and EMDR for individuals. Couples counselling. Supervision for counsellors. I provide a non-judgemental, safe and holding space where you can get an insight into your problems and symptoms. Trauma-informed counselling is not about finding what's "wrong" with you; it is about helping you to understand how your past experiences are contributing to your current problems and supporting you to find your own way in moving forward in life. I am a qualified EMDR practitioner and have an extensive experience in working with trauma survivors in private practice and larger organisations.
020 3816 1586 View 020 3816 1586
Photo of Ian Davis, MBACP Snr. Accred, Counsellor
Ian Davis
Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
London SW4
The World today makes increasing demands on the individual and at times it almost seems to be shouting at us. Anxiety levels are at record highs. More than ever people need to be true to their own unique path in life and articulate their own meaning. Not having this can lead to unhappiness and depression. My approach is spiritual rather than religious, but I believe we have to know ourselves on a deeper level to live to our full potential. This involves understanding our childhoods, being in touch with our dreams and above all being able to live fully in the present
The World today makes increasing demands on the individual and at times it almost seems to be shouting at us. Anxiety levels are at record highs. More than ever people need to be true to their own unique path in life and articulate their own meaning. Not having this can lead to unhappiness and depression. My approach is spiritual rather than religious, but I believe we have to know ourselves on a deeper level to live to our full potential. This involves understanding our childhoods, being in touch with our dreams and above all being able to live fully in the present
020 3835 2680 View 020 3835 2680
Photo of Alejandra Lozada Andrade, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Alejandra Lozada Andrade
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London W8
I am an integrative psychotherapist with experience in relational psychoanalysis. My aim is to help individuals understand the root causes of their difficulties to transform their lives in meaningful ways. I work with clients on a wide range of issues, including: dealing with anxiety and/or depression, difficulties with pregnancy, postpartum depression, pregnancy loss, abuse (past and/or present), addiction, bereavement, and trauma, among other concerns. I appreciate how past experiences can impact present relationships and contribute to feelings of low mood, anxiety and disconnection.
I am an integrative psychotherapist with experience in relational psychoanalysis. My aim is to help individuals understand the root causes of their difficulties to transform their lives in meaningful ways. I work with clients on a wide range of issues, including: dealing with anxiety and/or depression, difficulties with pregnancy, postpartum depression, pregnancy loss, abuse (past and/or present), addiction, bereavement, and trauma, among other concerns. I appreciate how past experiences can impact present relationships and contribute to feelings of low mood, anxiety and disconnection.
020 4538 8960 View 020 4538 8960
Photo of Dr Emma Larsson-Thomas, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Emma Larsson-Thomas
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London SE1
I am a qualified Clinical Psychologist with over 10 years experience. Individuals coming to see me may be considering therapy for a specific concern or difficulty (e.g. anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties) or have a specific question, event or life transition that needs attention. Others may have noticed that they are stuck in unhelpful and painful patterns. Or perhaps wanting to get to know themselves on a deeper level or change the way they interact with themselves.
I am a qualified Clinical Psychologist with over 10 years experience. Individuals coming to see me may be considering therapy for a specific concern or difficulty (e.g. anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties) or have a specific question, event or life transition that needs attention. Others may have noticed that they are stuck in unhelpful and painful patterns. Or perhaps wanting to get to know themselves on a deeper level or change the way they interact with themselves.
020 3984 9972 View 020 3984 9972
Photo of Dr Dean Flanagan, PsychD, HCPC - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Dean Flanagan
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London WC1B
I am a HCPC registered Psychologist who specialises in supporting teens and young adults 14 to 25 years old. I have helped young people with various difficulties including anxiety, depression, relationships, loss as well as life transitions and identity. I can draw upon a range of evidence based psychological approaches to meet needs and achieve personal goals. I offer individual as well as group psychotherapy.
I am a HCPC registered Psychologist who specialises in supporting teens and young adults 14 to 25 years old. I have helped young people with various difficulties including anxiety, depression, relationships, loss as well as life transitions and identity. I can draw upon a range of evidence based psychological approaches to meet needs and achieve personal goals. I offer individual as well as group psychotherapy.
020 3835 6408 View 020 3835 6408
Photo of Ali Xavier, MA, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Ali Xavier
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SW17
Waitlist for new clients
I work with Millennial adults 1-1 and with couples, who are experiencing challenges in life transitions, their mental health, and relationships. It can be that all of these affect one another; therapy is a non-judgemental space to explore these, with the aim of coming to a fuller sense of understanding, renewed perspective, with clarity and healing along the way. My client work includes working managing a range of mental health issues, relationship breakdown, loss and bereavement, post-abortion grief, sexual abuse, and identity change. Work with couples includes conflict management, affair recovery, and supporting communication.
I work with Millennial adults 1-1 and with couples, who are experiencing challenges in life transitions, their mental health, and relationships. It can be that all of these affect one another; therapy is a non-judgemental space to explore these, with the aim of coming to a fuller sense of understanding, renewed perspective, with clarity and healing along the way. My client work includes working managing a range of mental health issues, relationship breakdown, loss and bereavement, post-abortion grief, sexual abuse, and identity change. Work with couples includes conflict management, affair recovery, and supporting communication.
020 3835 4483 View 020 3835 4483
Photo of Judi Bauernfreund, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Judi Bauernfreund
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London N2
It takes courage to seek support, therefore I offer a confidential space where you can safely explore the particular situation you find yourself in. This may mean you come with a specific problem, anxiety, crisis or perhaps a vaguer sense that something doesn't feel quite right for you. Everyday life does not always leave room for reflection or questioning, therefore carving out a regular space to wonder, alongside another person about yourself, can be a powerful way to uncover how past experiences and relationships may have impacted the way things are now, whilst identifying how you would like things to be in the future.
It takes courage to seek support, therefore I offer a confidential space where you can safely explore the particular situation you find yourself in. This may mean you come with a specific problem, anxiety, crisis or perhaps a vaguer sense that something doesn't feel quite right for you. Everyday life does not always leave room for reflection or questioning, therefore carving out a regular space to wonder, alongside another person about yourself, can be a powerful way to uncover how past experiences and relationships may have impacted the way things are now, whilst identifying how you would like things to be in the future.
07449 765037 View 07449 765037
Photo of Sana Afsar, BACP, Counsellor
Sana Afsar
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London N4  (Online Only)
I am an Integrative Humanistic Therapist. I work with the understanding of intersectional complexities, neurodiversity and GSRD (gender, sexual, and relationship diversity). We explore all aspects of your lived experience to understand your current state of being. I utilise a trauma informed lens, as well as aim to re-establish connection with the body. Having lived in South Asia, the Middle East, America, France and now the UK, I am able to understand and acknowledge the social and cultural uniqueness of each person.
I am an Integrative Humanistic Therapist. I work with the understanding of intersectional complexities, neurodiversity and GSRD (gender, sexual, and relationship diversity). We explore all aspects of your lived experience to understand your current state of being. I utilise a trauma informed lens, as well as aim to re-establish connection with the body. Having lived in South Asia, the Middle East, America, France and now the UK, I am able to understand and acknowledge the social and cultural uniqueness of each person.
020 4524 3078 View 020 4524 3078
Photo of Maria Gomes, MA, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Maria Gomes
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
London WC1X
Hello, I'm Maria, an art psychotherapist from Brazil based in London. I offer 1:1 art psychotherapy sessions both online and in person. Additionally, I conduct reflective art therapy workshops and group art therapy. Drawing from years of experience as a psychotherapist in Brazil, where I worked with diverse client groups, my focus currently is with adult mental health and empowering women on their personal journeys. Art psychotherapy, to me, is a transformative medium that transcends traditional verbal therapy. Through the expressive use of art materials and dialogue, it unlocks profound insights and
Hello, I'm Maria, an art psychotherapist from Brazil based in London. I offer 1:1 art psychotherapy sessions both online and in person. Additionally, I conduct reflective art therapy workshops and group art therapy. Drawing from years of experience as a psychotherapist in Brazil, where I worked with diverse client groups, my focus currently is with adult mental health and empowering women on their personal journeys. Art psychotherapy, to me, is a transformative medium that transcends traditional verbal therapy. Through the expressive use of art materials and dialogue, it unlocks profound insights and
020 3761 4053 View 020 3761 4053
Photo of Adele Braun, ACP, Psychotherapist
Adele Braun
Psychotherapist, ACP
Verified Verified
London W6  (Online Only)
I have an MPsychpsych (6-year postgraduate training) and I am registered with the Association of Child Psychotherapists (ACP), for work with children and young people up to the age of 25, as well as parents, carers and professionals. I have 20 years of experience working with children and families, including clinical and leadership positions within the NHS and in many mainstream and specialist schools. Most recently, running a specialist CAMHS service within the NHS in West London and as a Visiting Lecturer on Postgraduate mental health courses at the Tavistock & Portman.
I have an MPsychpsych (6-year postgraduate training) and I am registered with the Association of Child Psychotherapists (ACP), for work with children and young people up to the age of 25, as well as parents, carers and professionals. I have 20 years of experience working with children and families, including clinical and leadership positions within the NHS and in many mainstream and specialist schools. Most recently, running a specialist CAMHS service within the NHS in West London and as a Visiting Lecturer on Postgraduate mental health courses at the Tavistock & Portman.
01992 927835 View 01992 927835
Photo of Lulu Eden, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Lulu Eden
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London EC4A
Are you experiencing difficulties and challenges in your life, feeling confused or overwhelmed? We can all experience difficulties and challenges and you may now be feeling confused or overwhelmed by what is going on in your life and not be able to see a way through. In the past you may have been able to resolve your issue on your own or turned to family or friends but perhaps, now, these supports are not available. At times like these it can be helpful to talk to a professional who will provide a confidential space, listen non-judgementally and have the experience to support you explore your thoughts, behaviours and feelings.
Are you experiencing difficulties and challenges in your life, feeling confused or overwhelmed? We can all experience difficulties and challenges and you may now be feeling confused or overwhelmed by what is going on in your life and not be able to see a way through. In the past you may have been able to resolve your issue on your own or turned to family or friends but perhaps, now, these supports are not available. At times like these it can be helpful to talk to a professional who will provide a confidential space, listen non-judgementally and have the experience to support you explore your thoughts, behaviours and feelings.
020 4538 4833 View 020 4538 4833
Photo of Khaled Helmy, PhD, Psychiatrist
Khaled Helmy
Psychiatrist, PhD
Verified Verified
London W1G
An overly caring private psychiatrist with more than 25 years of experience in mental health disorders and drug misuse. Dr Helmy completed his Medical training in 1998, MSc and MD in psychiatry and substance misuse in 2009 and joined Royal College of Psychiatrists since 2013. During his medical practice, he was the medical director of inpatient and community services for mental health and drug misuse disorders. Dr Helmy is an International Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, an appointed fellow of the International Society of Addiction Medicine and a member of EMDR Association UK & Ireland.
An overly caring private psychiatrist with more than 25 years of experience in mental health disorders and drug misuse. Dr Helmy completed his Medical training in 1998, MSc and MD in psychiatry and substance misuse in 2009 and joined Royal College of Psychiatrists since 2013. During his medical practice, he was the medical director of inpatient and community services for mental health and drug misuse disorders. Dr Helmy is an International Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, an appointed fellow of the International Society of Addiction Medicine and a member of EMDR Association UK & Ireland.
020 8154 5507 View 020 8154 5507
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See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
83% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
62% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aviva
63% AXA PPP
55% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.