Counselling in London

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Photo of Andrew Mallett, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Andrew Mallett
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London W1U
I am a psychodynamic psychotherapist and group analyst. I provide a safe and confidential space in which together we can explore your experiences and difficulties. We would seek to understand your past and current patterns and relationships in order to enable change - a process that combines coming to terms with aspects of your past, managing your thoughts and feelings in the present, and helping you to equip yourself for your future. Psychotherapy provides a supportive reflective space in which to examine, explore and make changes to your relationship with others and, most profoundly, with yourself.
I am a psychodynamic psychotherapist and group analyst. I provide a safe and confidential space in which together we can explore your experiences and difficulties. We would seek to understand your past and current patterns and relationships in order to enable change - a process that combines coming to terms with aspects of your past, managing your thoughts and feelings in the present, and helping you to equip yourself for your future. Psychotherapy provides a supportive reflective space in which to examine, explore and make changes to your relationship with others and, most profoundly, with yourself.
020 8106 5644 View 020 8106 5644
Photo of Ricardo Arroyo Dans, MSc, BACP, Psychotherapist
Ricardo Arroyo Dans
Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Describing my ideal client feels like it would go against the way I work as that focuses on my wants from a client instead of what my client would need from me and therapy. What would be most helpful for my client and what they would need is to approach therapy with an open mind to therapy just like I would approach their issues, needs and goals with an open mind. By both approaching each other with an open mind, we can both explore, express and engage with one another. What is successful therapy if not a two-way relationship?
Describing my ideal client feels like it would go against the way I work as that focuses on my wants from a client instead of what my client would need from me and therapy. What would be most helpful for my client and what they would need is to approach therapy with an open mind to therapy just like I would approach their issues, needs and goals with an open mind. By both approaching each other with an open mind, we can both explore, express and engage with one another. What is successful therapy if not a two-way relationship?
020 4572 2008 View 020 4572 2008
Photo of Ruth Hill, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Ruth Hill
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
London N16
Imagine feeling truly understood as you navigate challenges like anxiety, stress, personal obstacles, or barriers to exercise. In my practice, I focus on your unique situation, tailoring my approach to best support your journey towards a fulfilling life. Picture yourself learning to replace irrational thoughts with rational ones, mastering stress, and overcoming physical barriers that once seemed insurmountable. Let’s work together to tailor a path that aligns with your personal goals, empowering you to lead a healthier, more balanced life. This is about more than just feeling better—it's about becoming the best version of you.
Imagine feeling truly understood as you navigate challenges like anxiety, stress, personal obstacles, or barriers to exercise. In my practice, I focus on your unique situation, tailoring my approach to best support your journey towards a fulfilling life. Picture yourself learning to replace irrational thoughts with rational ones, mastering stress, and overcoming physical barriers that once seemed insurmountable. Let’s work together to tailor a path that aligns with your personal goals, empowering you to lead a healthier, more balanced life. This is about more than just feeling better—it's about becoming the best version of you.
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Photo of Stephanie Waters, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Stephanie Waters
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London SW18
You may be seeking counselling or psychotherapy for any number of reasons. Perhaps something specific has happened to you that you would like to talk about. Perhaps you don't really know what is wrong, but you are aware of feeling low, anxious, overwhelmed or stressed and feel you would like some support in working through and exploring what might be informing those feelings. In both, and all cases, my approach as a Psychotherapist is to work in a way which provides a safe, empathetic and confidential space, where you and I can together, explore what has brought you to therapy, and help you get back on track.
You may be seeking counselling or psychotherapy for any number of reasons. Perhaps something specific has happened to you that you would like to talk about. Perhaps you don't really know what is wrong, but you are aware of feeling low, anxious, overwhelmed or stressed and feel you would like some support in working through and exploring what might be informing those feelings. In both, and all cases, my approach as a Psychotherapist is to work in a way which provides a safe, empathetic and confidential space, where you and I can together, explore what has brought you to therapy, and help you get back on track.
020 4538 1217 View 020 4538 1217
Photo of Chantal Naqvi, BACP, Counsellor
Chantal Naqvi
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
London N4
There are times when we feel less able to cope, we might feel vulnerable and not sure how to move forward. We might need a gentle place to land, a safe space that offers compassion and is free from judgement. Sharing our experience of difficulties can help us to find parts of us that had been forgotten, strength and resilience that we didn't know we had, and hope. You might be be struggling with a change in your life, negotiating complicated family relationships, or a painful past you would like support in exploring. Whatever you bring, I aim to facilitate your understanding of yourself, your strengths and your unique qualities.
There are times when we feel less able to cope, we might feel vulnerable and not sure how to move forward. We might need a gentle place to land, a safe space that offers compassion and is free from judgement. Sharing our experience of difficulties can help us to find parts of us that had been forgotten, strength and resilience that we didn't know we had, and hope. You might be be struggling with a change in your life, negotiating complicated family relationships, or a painful past you would like support in exploring. Whatever you bring, I aim to facilitate your understanding of yourself, your strengths and your unique qualities.
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Photo of Maurhys Phillips, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Maurhys Phillips
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
London E11
Warm welcome to my profile. My name is Rhys and I am an Integrative therapist and supervisor, helping people find their path to mental health and well-being for over 10 years. My approach is all about working together authentically and collaboratively with my clients, listening to their unique and wonderful stories, and finding solutions that work for them. It's not easy reaching out for help and the fact that you are here I can only imagine has taken you a lot of bravery to show up here which is commendable. I offer a safe space to allow clients the opportunity to explore and reflect deeply in a non-judgemental environment.
Warm welcome to my profile. My name is Rhys and I am an Integrative therapist and supervisor, helping people find their path to mental health and well-being for over 10 years. My approach is all about working together authentically and collaboratively with my clients, listening to their unique and wonderful stories, and finding solutions that work for them. It's not easy reaching out for help and the fact that you are here I can only imagine has taken you a lot of bravery to show up here which is commendable. I offer a safe space to allow clients the opportunity to explore and reflect deeply in a non-judgemental environment.
020 4538 7273 View 020 4538 7273
Photo of Dr Mandy Walters, DCounsPsych, FMBPsS, Psychologist
Dr Mandy Walters
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, FMBPsS
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, I'm a Counselling Psychologist and Psychotherapist with over fifteen years experience, currently working as a Senior Therapist within an NHS Primary Care Service, alongside my private practice. My aim is to help make a positive difference to your life, whether when facing challenging times, a specific life event or through developing self-awareness. I value the importance of a warm, supportive and non-judgemental therapeutic relationship, through which it is possible to explore difficult emotions, experiences and patterns of behaviours to reach a deeper understanding and move forward with new possibilities.
Hi, I'm a Counselling Psychologist and Psychotherapist with over fifteen years experience, currently working as a Senior Therapist within an NHS Primary Care Service, alongside my private practice. My aim is to help make a positive difference to your life, whether when facing challenging times, a specific life event or through developing self-awareness. I value the importance of a warm, supportive and non-judgemental therapeutic relationship, through which it is possible to explore difficult emotions, experiences and patterns of behaviours to reach a deeper understanding and move forward with new possibilities.
020 3912 7918 View 020 3912 7918
Photo of Javier Calatrava, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Javier Calatrava
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London W2
I like to think that therapy is like a guide that encourages you to see what you may have missed or ignored. I work with clients encouraging different aspects of the personality to find their voice. Maybe we learnt to shut these parts down, perhaps because of their threatening nature or just because they weren’t acceptable to us or our caregivers. I encourage clients to engage with these forgotten parts of the personality to find expression, so they can be heard, understood and validated in a non-judgmental space.
I like to think that therapy is like a guide that encourages you to see what you may have missed or ignored. I work with clients encouraging different aspects of the personality to find their voice. Maybe we learnt to shut these parts down, perhaps because of their threatening nature or just because they weren’t acceptable to us or our caregivers. I encourage clients to engage with these forgotten parts of the personality to find expression, so they can be heard, understood and validated in a non-judgmental space.
020 3984 9243 View 020 3984 9243
Photo of Asia Scott, MA, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Asia Scott
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
London SE19
I comprehend that everyone, regardless of age and stage, can be confronted by the difficulties and challenges of life. I provide psychotherapy to young people, adults and couples. At present I am offering online psychotherapy sessions on weekdays.
I comprehend that everyone, regardless of age and stage, can be confronted by the difficulties and challenges of life. I provide psychotherapy to young people, adults and couples. At present I am offering online psychotherapy sessions on weekdays.
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Photo of Siobhan Snowden, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Siobhan Snowden
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London EC1V
I understand that seeking therapy can be daunting but if you are at the stage in your life where you need the space to explore painful feelings, it may well help you come to terms with or make sense of things like: absence, loss, uncertainty, anger, fear, isolation and accept or make the changes that are right for you. I won't tell you which way to turn but I will offer you the right therapeutic relationship which feels safe to explore yourself and your world of feelings. I will work alongside you every step of the way,
I understand that seeking therapy can be daunting but if you are at the stage in your life where you need the space to explore painful feelings, it may well help you come to terms with or make sense of things like: absence, loss, uncertainty, anger, fear, isolation and accept or make the changes that are right for you. I won't tell you which way to turn but I will offer you the right therapeutic relationship which feels safe to explore yourself and your world of feelings. I will work alongside you every step of the way,
020 3835 5412 View 020 3835 5412
Photo of Viviana Meloni, CPsychol, Psychologist
Viviana Meloni
Psychologist, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a multilingual Chartered Principal Counselling Psychologist (English, Italian and Spanish speaking) recognised by the professional bodies Health and Care Professions Council and British Psychology Society, currently offering online therapy which consistently shows itself to be as effective as traditional therapy. With over 15 years’ experience, I provide a range of evidence based psychological therapies in line with NICE recommendations guarantying a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space.
I am a multilingual Chartered Principal Counselling Psychologist (English, Italian and Spanish speaking) recognised by the professional bodies Health and Care Professions Council and British Psychology Society, currently offering online therapy which consistently shows itself to be as effective as traditional therapy. With over 15 years’ experience, I provide a range of evidence based psychological therapies in line with NICE recommendations guarantying a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space.
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Photo of Maryam Keshavarz, MA, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Maryam Keshavarz
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London NW11
I aim to tailor the therapy to meet clients very specific needs with an empathetic and congruent approach. Confidentiality and trust are essential to the counselling process. Clients may share difficult feelings and thoughts with me safe in the knowledge that their personal identity and information will be retained in confidence. I am here for you, to build trust and confidence and to help you unlock your true potential. Therapy might seem daunting at first, but my aim is to bring my clients into contact with what matters in life, to ground them and assist them to encounter​ themselves and others​ better. ​
I aim to tailor the therapy to meet clients very specific needs with an empathetic and congruent approach. Confidentiality and trust are essential to the counselling process. Clients may share difficult feelings and thoughts with me safe in the knowledge that their personal identity and information will be retained in confidence. I am here for you, to build trust and confidence and to help you unlock your true potential. Therapy might seem daunting at first, but my aim is to bring my clients into contact with what matters in life, to ground them and assist them to encounter​ themselves and others​ better. ​
020 3984 9072 View 020 3984 9072
Photo of Dr James Le Couteur, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr James Le Couteur
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London E17
Many people feel lost, anxious, confused or overwhelmed; therapy is an effective way to find direction and stability. By collaboratively exploring your values, you will be supported and encouraged to live the life you want to be living. You are unique. To be most effective, therapy should be tailored to you — matching your own internal experiences (thoughts and emotions) and external life experiences. Fortunately, there are a variety of psychological therapies and therapeutic practices that together we can choose from, to help you feel the best version of yourself.
Many people feel lost, anxious, confused or overwhelmed; therapy is an effective way to find direction and stability. By collaboratively exploring your values, you will be supported and encouraged to live the life you want to be living. You are unique. To be most effective, therapy should be tailored to you — matching your own internal experiences (thoughts and emotions) and external life experiences. Fortunately, there are a variety of psychological therapies and therapeutic practices that together we can choose from, to help you feel the best version of yourself.
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Photo of Sulafa Yassin, MSc, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Sulafa Yassin
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London W5
Starting counselling can seem hard for some but those first steps can have a positive lasting impact. I understand that things can feel overwhelming at first but hopefully I can help you to work through any anxieties about counselling so that I can support you through your personal journey. With me, your therapeutic journey is the priority. I work with you to help understand your difficulties better and find ways of managing similar difficulties in the future. I work with children, adolescents and adults using various approaches depending on the individual's needs, largely person centred and cognitive behaviour approaches.
Starting counselling can seem hard for some but those first steps can have a positive lasting impact. I understand that things can feel overwhelming at first but hopefully I can help you to work through any anxieties about counselling so that I can support you through your personal journey. With me, your therapeutic journey is the priority. I work with you to help understand your difficulties better and find ways of managing similar difficulties in the future. I work with children, adolescents and adults using various approaches depending on the individual's needs, largely person centred and cognitive behaviour approaches.
020 4538 4424 View 020 4538 4424
Photo of Tom Secretan, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Tom Secretan
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE4
All sorts of things bring us to counselling and psychotherapy. Sometimes it’s a life event or transition that feels overwhelming. Sometimes it’s that we find ourselves struggling in relationships, or troubled by our thoughts, feelings or behaviour. Sometimes we are having to cope with an environment that devalues or rejects some aspect of our identity, or we just feel deep down that our lives could be lived more fully. In many cases, we arrive in therapy already knowing what we want help with; in others, this is what we come to find out.
All sorts of things bring us to counselling and psychotherapy. Sometimes it’s a life event or transition that feels overwhelming. Sometimes it’s that we find ourselves struggling in relationships, or troubled by our thoughts, feelings or behaviour. Sometimes we are having to cope with an environment that devalues or rejects some aspect of our identity, or we just feel deep down that our lives could be lived more fully. In many cases, we arrive in therapy already knowing what we want help with; in others, this is what we come to find out.
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Photo of Janine Hayward - Composurepsychology, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Janine Hayward - Composurepsychology
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London W1G
Hello. Do you struggle with stress from; work, relationships, or parenting? Are you overwhelmed, worried, depressed, stuck, or low in self-esteem? You are not alone. Does your need to be perfect upset you or take up too much time? Is a trauma, threat to your health, an illness, a major loss or death hurting you? It doesn't have to be that way. We help people like you understand your distress, learn new skills for managing uncomfortable emotions and thoughts, improve relationships, and find meaning and focus. We're Clinical Psychologists (HCPC), with >10 years of experience delivering effective therapy to kids, teens and adults.
Hello. Do you struggle with stress from; work, relationships, or parenting? Are you overwhelmed, worried, depressed, stuck, or low in self-esteem? You are not alone. Does your need to be perfect upset you or take up too much time? Is a trauma, threat to your health, an illness, a major loss or death hurting you? It doesn't have to be that way. We help people like you understand your distress, learn new skills for managing uncomfortable emotions and thoughts, improve relationships, and find meaning and focus. We're Clinical Psychologists (HCPC), with >10 years of experience delivering effective therapy to kids, teens and adults.
0333 344 2063 View 0333 344 2063
Photo of Courtney Hodgkiss, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Courtney Hodgkiss
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N5
I work with a wide variety of clients, on issues such as sexual assault and abuse, health anxiety, depression, loneliness, and trauma. Most clients come to me looking for a better understanding of why certain issues continue to create discomfort for them, or how to manage recurrent periods of anxiety and depression. I have worked with self-harm and identity, substance abuse and VAWG, with a specific trauma focused methodology based on trust and empathy. I specialise in working with life-limiting and chronic illness, disability and medical trauma and my own lived experience helps clients feel understood and supported by a peer.
I work with a wide variety of clients, on issues such as sexual assault and abuse, health anxiety, depression, loneliness, and trauma. Most clients come to me looking for a better understanding of why certain issues continue to create discomfort for them, or how to manage recurrent periods of anxiety and depression. I have worked with self-harm and identity, substance abuse and VAWG, with a specific trauma focused methodology based on trust and empathy. I specialise in working with life-limiting and chronic illness, disability and medical trauma and my own lived experience helps clients feel understood and supported by a peer.
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Photo of Ahmed Tomal, MBACP, Counsellor
Ahmed Tomal
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London E1
I am a qualified and registered Integrative Counsellor. My hope is to give you an experience of yourself in our sessions, that will overtime carry over to other areas of your life and allow you to feel more at peace. I offer a non-judgemental space where together we can explore your experiences, in order to help you understand them better. I hope that by providing a space for you to speak freely and solely about your issues will facilitate a path to relief via gaining a deeper understanding, gaining greater consciousness and making better choices.
I am a qualified and registered Integrative Counsellor. My hope is to give you an experience of yourself in our sessions, that will overtime carry over to other areas of your life and allow you to feel more at peace. I offer a non-judgemental space where together we can explore your experiences, in order to help you understand them better. I hope that by providing a space for you to speak freely and solely about your issues will facilitate a path to relief via gaining a deeper understanding, gaining greater consciousness and making better choices.
020 3835 3108 View 020 3835 3108
Photo of Poonam Mehta, MA, Psychotherapist
Poonam Mehta
Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As an integrative psychotherapist, I use different combinations of therapeutic tools and approaches to suit individual needs. ‘Integrative psychotherapy’ is a more progressive form of therapy than traditional singular forms of psychotherapy, drawing elements from different schools of thought to make it a more flexible and inclusive form of treatment that’s suitable for a wide range of emotional health issues.
As an integrative psychotherapist, I use different combinations of therapeutic tools and approaches to suit individual needs. ‘Integrative psychotherapy’ is a more progressive form of therapy than traditional singular forms of psychotherapy, drawing elements from different schools of thought to make it a more flexible and inclusive form of treatment that’s suitable for a wide range of emotional health issues.
020 3322 7924 View 020 3322 7924
Photo of Elizabeth Anne Dunn, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Elizabeth Anne Dunn
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London EC1A
There are many reasons for seeking therapy and it is a big step to ask for help. Sometimes it is about coming to terms with a life event such as a relationship breakdown or a bereavement, sometimes long standing feelings of anxiety, depression or plain unhappiness and sometimes a general sense that things are not right. The thoughts, feelings and behaviours which are causing difficulties in your daily life are likely to have their origins in the past, in patterns set up in early relationships which are no longer helpful. Working together, we can begin to make sense of your experience freeing you to live a better life.
There are many reasons for seeking therapy and it is a big step to ask for help. Sometimes it is about coming to terms with a life event such as a relationship breakdown or a bereavement, sometimes long standing feelings of anxiety, depression or plain unhappiness and sometimes a general sense that things are not right. The thoughts, feelings and behaviours which are causing difficulties in your daily life are likely to have their origins in the past, in patterns set up in early relationships which are no longer helpful. Working together, we can begin to make sense of your experience freeing you to live a better life.
020 4538 7760 View 020 4538 7760
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See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
83% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
62% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aviva
64% AXA PPP
55% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.