Counselling in London

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Photo of Janja Mihoci, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Janja Mihoci
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London NW1
As a Psychotherapist, Psychologist and Group Analyst, I am dedicated to helping individuals explore their inner worlds and navigate complex emotional landscapes. With over 15 years of experience, I focus on understanding how your past influences your present, enabling deeper self-awareness and personal growth. My approach is rooted in psychodynamic principles, which emphasise the exploration of unconscious processes and early relational experiences. I believe that understanding the dynamics of your thoughts, feelings, and behaviours can lead to profound insights and lasting change.
As a Psychotherapist, Psychologist and Group Analyst, I am dedicated to helping individuals explore their inner worlds and navigate complex emotional landscapes. With over 15 years of experience, I focus on understanding how your past influences your present, enabling deeper self-awareness and personal growth. My approach is rooted in psychodynamic principles, which emphasise the exploration of unconscious processes and early relational experiences. I believe that understanding the dynamics of your thoughts, feelings, and behaviours can lead to profound insights and lasting change.
020 3962 1185 View 020 3962 1185
Photo of Paul Clark - paulclarktherapy, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
paulclarktherapy
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SW3
People come to therapy for lots of reasons, often motivated by a desire for something new; something better; sometimes uncertain how best to make and manage change; often powerfully resistant to it. You may want to understand how you came to be where you are, or how to stop repeating unhelpful patterns. You may or may not have a specific aim in mind, but you probably would like to feel engaged, and hopeful and alive. Whatever your reason, there's the idea that speaking with an experienced professional should provide relief and insight.
People come to therapy for lots of reasons, often motivated by a desire for something new; something better; sometimes uncertain how best to make and manage change; often powerfully resistant to it. You may want to understand how you came to be where you are, or how to stop repeating unhelpful patterns. You may or may not have a specific aim in mind, but you probably would like to feel engaged, and hopeful and alive. Whatever your reason, there's the idea that speaking with an experienced professional should provide relief and insight.
020 4538 8180 View 020 4538 8180
Photo of Kimberley Guest, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Kimberley Guest
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London SW2
I have worked with people experiencing low mood, severe depression and anxiety difficulties (including OCD, social anxiety, body image difficulties, and social anxiety) as well as people experiencing low self-esteem, work stress and feeling low in confidence. I have experience of working with individuals who struggle to maintain all kinds of relationships and who want to explore their patterns of relating. I have worked with mothers in the perinatal period, and parents who are working hard to support their children experiencing difficulties.
I have worked with people experiencing low mood, severe depression and anxiety difficulties (including OCD, social anxiety, body image difficulties, and social anxiety) as well as people experiencing low self-esteem, work stress and feeling low in confidence. I have experience of working with individuals who struggle to maintain all kinds of relationships and who want to explore their patterns of relating. I have worked with mothers in the perinatal period, and parents who are working hard to support their children experiencing difficulties.
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Photo of Brieanne Doyle, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Brieanne Doyle
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London EC3V
As a high achiever you are used to success. You work hard, you enjoy work and you have meaningful relationships, but something is missing. You've tried all manner of ways to fill this gap - working more, working harder, prioritising your personal life, your health, your relationships - but it never quite fits. You wonder how you can achieve at work, but not in other areas of your life? Will it always be this exhausting? What if you could ditch the hustle and find a different way to show up in your life, your work, your relationships?
As a high achiever you are used to success. You work hard, you enjoy work and you have meaningful relationships, but something is missing. You've tried all manner of ways to fill this gap - working more, working harder, prioritising your personal life, your health, your relationships - but it never quite fits. You wonder how you can achieve at work, but not in other areas of your life? Will it always be this exhausting? What if you could ditch the hustle and find a different way to show up in your life, your work, your relationships?
020 4538 8873 View 020 4538 8873
Photo of Lital Serby (Bejerano), MBACP, Psychotherapist
Lital Serby (Bejerano)
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N3
I am an integrative counsellor/psychotherapist specialise in counselling children, adolescent and parents. I help children of all ages cope with their emotional distress through the use of play, art, creative therapy, mindfulness and CBT therapeutic techniques. I also offer guidance to parents and provide them with the necessary knowledge and tools needed to improve their relationship with their children and deal with their possible changes. My aim is to provide a sensitive and confidential space for you to be open and explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours so you can develop a better understanding of yourself and others.
I am an integrative counsellor/psychotherapist specialise in counselling children, adolescent and parents. I help children of all ages cope with their emotional distress through the use of play, art, creative therapy, mindfulness and CBT therapeutic techniques. I also offer guidance to parents and provide them with the necessary knowledge and tools needed to improve their relationship with their children and deal with their possible changes. My aim is to provide a sensitive and confidential space for you to be open and explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours so you can develop a better understanding of yourself and others.
020 4538 5292 View 020 4538 5292
Photo of Madeleine Ensor, BPC, Psychotherapist
Madeleine Ensor
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
London SW11
At any point in our lives we may find ourselves feeling low, depressed or anxious. This may be something that has been going on for some time, perhaps over many years, or it may be brought on by an event. It can help to share these feelings with a trained therapist. Psychotherapy offers a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space to talk, think and be.
At any point in our lives we may find ourselves feeling low, depressed or anxious. This may be something that has been going on for some time, perhaps over many years, or it may be brought on by an event. It can help to share these feelings with a trained therapist. Psychotherapy offers a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space to talk, think and be.
020 7046 1982 View 020 7046 1982
Photo of Kelly Dieu, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Kelly Dieu
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N3
Are you avoiding social interaction? struggling with relationships? feeling stuck? low in motivation? or performing worse at work? Natural changes in life can shift our mental health and it may feel overwhelming tackling this on your own. I am a psychodynamic psychotherapist and counsellor with experience working with individuals from diverse backgrounds and with many emotional challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, relationship issues, loss & bereavement, and many more. I specialise psychodynamically which brings the unconscious mind into consciousness.
Are you avoiding social interaction? struggling with relationships? feeling stuck? low in motivation? or performing worse at work? Natural changes in life can shift our mental health and it may feel overwhelming tackling this on your own. I am a psychodynamic psychotherapist and counsellor with experience working with individuals from diverse backgrounds and with many emotional challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, relationship issues, loss & bereavement, and many more. I specialise psychodynamically which brings the unconscious mind into consciousness.
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Photo of Annabel Crocker-Mellor, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Annabel Crocker-Mellor
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N1
As a Person-Centred therapist I recognise clients have the capacity to fulfil their potential when able to truly encounter themselves. I facilitate the therapeutic process by creating a compassionate environment that fosters sincere and intimate experiencing of your true self.
As a Person-Centred therapist I recognise clients have the capacity to fulfil their potential when able to truly encounter themselves. I facilitate the therapeutic process by creating a compassionate environment that fosters sincere and intimate experiencing of your true self.
020 3862 4761 View 020 3862 4761
Photo of Shirley Archibald-William, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Shirley Archibald-William
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London W13
My mantra, "Once we face the things we fear, they no longer have power over us!" So well done for taking your initial steps towards change. We get stuck within our own worlds (especially our past), fearful that we will not be heard or even understood. The 'noises' within us remain unheard setting the tone to overthink/discredit our way own way of being. We find sanctuary in others peoples words, feelings, emotions, thoughts & continue to dishonor our own as we are fearful for what we mite have to face - demeaning our needs seem so much easier than confront them?
My mantra, "Once we face the things we fear, they no longer have power over us!" So well done for taking your initial steps towards change. We get stuck within our own worlds (especially our past), fearful that we will not be heard or even understood. The 'noises' within us remain unheard setting the tone to overthink/discredit our way own way of being. We find sanctuary in others peoples words, feelings, emotions, thoughts & continue to dishonor our own as we are fearful for what we mite have to face - demeaning our needs seem so much easier than confront them?
020 3835 4612 View 020 3835 4612
Photo of Isabella Evans-Zoltowski, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Isabella Evans-Zoltowski
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London E8
As a qualified integrative therapist who practises relationally, I believe the quality of our relationships - both past and present, has a huge effect on our sense of self, our self-worth and our ability to manage powerful emotions and moods. I have helped clients who have experienced childhood trauma and other difficult relationships and can help you to reflect on your own harmful relationship and behaviour patterns, to let go of unhelpful coping mechanisms which once served you. We will consider what has happened to you rather than what is wrong with you, as well as how to move forwards and make better choices.
As a qualified integrative therapist who practises relationally, I believe the quality of our relationships - both past and present, has a huge effect on our sense of self, our self-worth and our ability to manage powerful emotions and moods. I have helped clients who have experienced childhood trauma and other difficult relationships and can help you to reflect on your own harmful relationship and behaviour patterns, to let go of unhelpful coping mechanisms which once served you. We will consider what has happened to you rather than what is wrong with you, as well as how to move forwards and make better choices.
020 3984 8674 View 020 3984 8674
Photo of Siobhan Louise Jayne Tierney, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Siobhan Louise Jayne Tierney
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello, I'm Siobhan. I'm an experienced Clinical Psychologist. I'm trained to work with people of all ages, using a range of psychological techniques. If you're looking for someone who can offer you an open space to talk things through, I may be able to help. I offer assessments and therapeutic interventions to people who are experiencing some kind of psychological discomfort that prevents them from living life to its fullest. I have worked in a range of settings, including both mainstream and specialist schools, community mental health teams, secure inpatient wards, forensic units, the NHS and Social Care.
Hello, I'm Siobhan. I'm an experienced Clinical Psychologist. I'm trained to work with people of all ages, using a range of psychological techniques. If you're looking for someone who can offer you an open space to talk things through, I may be able to help. I offer assessments and therapeutic interventions to people who are experiencing some kind of psychological discomfort that prevents them from living life to its fullest. I have worked in a range of settings, including both mainstream and specialist schools, community mental health teams, secure inpatient wards, forensic units, the NHS and Social Care.
020 3958 4053 View 020 3958 4053
Photo of Patrycja Jackson, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Patrycja Jackson
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London E3
Starting psychotherapy is a significant and personal decision. You may be considering it due to challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, early developmental issues, relational difficulties, crises, loss, a lack of meaning in life, or other psychological struggles. Engaging in therapy can be a valuable step towards healing and growth. My approach provides a secure and supportive space to explore and work through these life challenges, helping you gain a deeper understanding of your experiences and connect to your own authentic center.
Starting psychotherapy is a significant and personal decision. You may be considering it due to challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, early developmental issues, relational difficulties, crises, loss, a lack of meaning in life, or other psychological struggles. Engaging in therapy can be a valuable step towards healing and growth. My approach provides a secure and supportive space to explore and work through these life challenges, helping you gain a deeper understanding of your experiences and connect to your own authentic center.
07979 775448 x44 View 07979 775448 x44
Photo of Eric C Bettelheim, PhD, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Eric C Bettelheim
Psychotherapist, PhD, MBACP
Verified Verified
London W8
I treat adults in all stages of life who find themselves in need of help dealing with distress and in making important transitions in life. My clients often feel anxious, depressed or disappointed in life and in themselves. Some feel stuck in life, have difficult work or personal relationships, are raising a family, grieving, have chronic illness or are dealing with old age. Many have tried and been disappointed by short-term therapies. Together we examine both past and present experience to find meaning and new perspectives in order to resolve distress and move forward toward a more fulfilling way of life.
I treat adults in all stages of life who find themselves in need of help dealing with distress and in making important transitions in life. My clients often feel anxious, depressed or disappointed in life and in themselves. Some feel stuck in life, have difficult work or personal relationships, are raising a family, grieving, have chronic illness or are dealing with old age. Many have tried and been disappointed by short-term therapies. Together we examine both past and present experience to find meaning and new perspectives in order to resolve distress and move forward toward a more fulfilling way of life.
020 4572 1171 View 020 4572 1171
Photo of Yasmin Gale, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Yasmin Gale
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London NW1
I am a counsellor and psychotherapist who works with adult couples and individuals of all ages and backgrounds. I create a safe, non-judgemental space to listen and help you explore issues with empathy and compassion. My clinical framework is psychodynamic, meaning that I help clients consider how past experiences may relate to their current feelings, behaviour patterns and relationships, with the aim of uncovering the root cause of the problem. Our sessions will enable us to look together at your situation, paving the way for you to think about how things might be different.
I am a counsellor and psychotherapist who works with adult couples and individuals of all ages and backgrounds. I create a safe, non-judgemental space to listen and help you explore issues with empathy and compassion. My clinical framework is psychodynamic, meaning that I help clients consider how past experiences may relate to their current feelings, behaviour patterns and relationships, with the aim of uncovering the root cause of the problem. Our sessions will enable us to look together at your situation, paving the way for you to think about how things might be different.
020 3871 3133 View 020 3871 3133
Photo of Liesbeth Allart, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Liesbeth Allart
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London N1
In therapy, we work together to increase your awareness of what is happening for you, as well as any patterns you have developed in response to significant events and relationships in your life that may no longer serve you. Therapy offers a safe space to explore what it is you need now, and how you might move towards that. My approach very deliberately engages with your "whole-you" experience: your thoughts, feelings and bodily sensations, as you are, right now. I also pay special attention to how you are "in relation" with your context: the life situations you are in, the people in your life, and even the therapist in the room.
In therapy, we work together to increase your awareness of what is happening for you, as well as any patterns you have developed in response to significant events and relationships in your life that may no longer serve you. Therapy offers a safe space to explore what it is you need now, and how you might move towards that. My approach very deliberately engages with your "whole-you" experience: your thoughts, feelings and bodily sensations, as you are, right now. I also pay special attention to how you are "in relation" with your context: the life situations you are in, the people in your life, and even the therapist in the room.
020 4572 9799 View 020 4572 9799
Photo of Oliver Jarvis, MBACP, Counsellor
Oliver Jarvis
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N4
You may have an issue you would like to explore that’s clear in your mind, or you may feel lost and confused about what’s happening and aren’t sure where to begin. Either way, I offer a professional and non-judgemental space for whatever it is you would like to explore. Some may look for short-term crisis interventions, others for a long-term exploration of what has led to the current difficulties. Together, we can work towards understanding the underlying issues which contribute to current symptoms taking into account the social, cultural, sexual and psychological aspects of each individual's way of being in the world.
You may have an issue you would like to explore that’s clear in your mind, or you may feel lost and confused about what’s happening and aren’t sure where to begin. Either way, I offer a professional and non-judgemental space for whatever it is you would like to explore. Some may look for short-term crisis interventions, others for a long-term exploration of what has led to the current difficulties. Together, we can work towards understanding the underlying issues which contribute to current symptoms taking into account the social, cultural, sexual and psychological aspects of each individual's way of being in the world.
020 8138 8531 View 020 8138 8531
Photo of Madelene Louw, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Madelene Louw
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SW14
Sometimes, you feel that you can talk to trusted family or friends. However, at this moment, a private, secluded space may be what you need because you feel depressed, low, anxious, scared, or hopeless because of a current situation or something that happened in the past. As a result unwanted thoughts or images keep feeding overwhelming feelings and unwanted behaviours. These feelings, thoughts, and behaviours feel too difficult to understand, manage, or share with anyone, leaving you feeling alone or misunderstood. I offer privacy and a trusted space where you can share your experiences at your own pace.
Sometimes, you feel that you can talk to trusted family or friends. However, at this moment, a private, secluded space may be what you need because you feel depressed, low, anxious, scared, or hopeless because of a current situation or something that happened in the past. As a result unwanted thoughts or images keep feeding overwhelming feelings and unwanted behaviours. These feelings, thoughts, and behaviours feel too difficult to understand, manage, or share with anyone, leaving you feeling alone or misunderstood. I offer privacy and a trusted space where you can share your experiences at your own pace.
01748 905905 View 01748 905905
Photo of Daphne Pratt, MBACP, Counsellor
Daphne Pratt
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N3
As an experienced counsellor, I operate a private practice in North London. My counselling services are available in-person, online, and through telephone consultations. I provide a secure and confidential environment to help clients make sense of their difficult emotions. I believe in collaborating with individuals and couples to address their specific requirements and determine the most effective way to achieve the positive change that they want. My credentials include qualifications in Couples counselling, Family, Children's & Adult Systemic Practice. I work using a range of approaches for both short- and long term interventions.
As an experienced counsellor, I operate a private practice in North London. My counselling services are available in-person, online, and through telephone consultations. I provide a secure and confidential environment to help clients make sense of their difficult emotions. I believe in collaborating with individuals and couples to address their specific requirements and determine the most effective way to achieve the positive change that they want. My credentials include qualifications in Couples counselling, Family, Children's & Adult Systemic Practice. I work using a range of approaches for both short- and long term interventions.
020 8138 8428 View 020 8138 8428
Photo of Harriet Wills, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Harriet Wills
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London NW1
Taking the first step by asking for help is a significant and courageous moment. I am an experienced qualified psychotherapist, for almost a decade I have conducted psychotherapy groups and offered psychodynamic therapy to individuals within the NHS. I am a registered BACP psychotherapist, a group work practitioner and an Associate Member of the Institute of Group Analysis.
Taking the first step by asking for help is a significant and courageous moment. I am an experienced qualified psychotherapist, for almost a decade I have conducted psychotherapy groups and offered psychodynamic therapy to individuals within the NHS. I am a registered BACP psychotherapist, a group work practitioner and an Associate Member of the Institute of Group Analysis.
020 8154 5649 View 020 8154 5649
Photo of Beverley Marais - The Eating Disorder Psychologist, DCounsPsych, AFBPSsS, Psychologist
The Eating Disorder Psychologist
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, AFBPSsS
Verified Verified
London N1
Recovery from an eating disorder is hard work. Working through daily challenges takes courage, strength and persistence. We are a team of eating disorder specialists consisting of psychologists, psychotherapists, dietitians, recovery workers and body movement therapists who provide holistic evidence-based treatment for children, adolescents, adults and families. We employ a virtual treatment platform that enables our partnerships to grow and work together effortlessly. Through the use of technology, we are able to implement solutions to help clients access specialist treatment and support at any locality.
Recovery from an eating disorder is hard work. Working through daily challenges takes courage, strength and persistence. We are a team of eating disorder specialists consisting of psychologists, psychotherapists, dietitians, recovery workers and body movement therapists who provide holistic evidence-based treatment for children, adolescents, adults and families. We employ a virtual treatment platform that enables our partnerships to grow and work together effortlessly. Through the use of technology, we are able to implement solutions to help clients access specialist treatment and support at any locality.
020 4538 5627 View 020 4538 5627
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See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
83% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
62% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aviva
63% AXA PPP
55% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.