Counselling in London

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Photo of Jo Bealey, BACP, Counsellor
Jo Bealey
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
London SW18  (Online Only)
Are you having more bad days than good? Feeling fed-up, depressed, anxious or grieving and having trouble ‘to shake’ those difficult feelings? Perhaps you are feeling stuck or having trouble with your relationships? We can feel we ‘should’ be able to cope which can be make our differcult feelings more tough and feel very isolating for you too. I know how daunting it can be to share your thoughts and feelings with someone. Before becoming a therapist, I felt the same. Together can create a create a sanctuary, a place where you can ‘come as you are’ and share what is you are experiencing. A time and space, just for you
Are you having more bad days than good? Feeling fed-up, depressed, anxious or grieving and having trouble ‘to shake’ those difficult feelings? Perhaps you are feeling stuck or having trouble with your relationships? We can feel we ‘should’ be able to cope which can be make our differcult feelings more tough and feel very isolating for you too. I know how daunting it can be to share your thoughts and feelings with someone. Before becoming a therapist, I felt the same. Together can create a create a sanctuary, a place where you can ‘come as you are’ and share what is you are experiencing. A time and space, just for you
01252 986046 View 01252 986046
Photo of Sinisa Jovic, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Sinisa Jovic
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London E17
Hello, I am Sinisa. I am an experienced therapist and Lecturer in Counselling at the University of East London. Working with me, you will find a warm and safe environment to explore your thoughts, feelings, and beliefs. I am here to empower you to help yourself to create meaningful and lasting change. No matter what your background is, I am here to listen and help. I support people with a range of issues, some of which include: anxiety, depression, relationship issues, stress, low moods, sexuality and gender identity issues, low self-esteem, sadness, separation, divorce, middle-life crisis, procrastination, spiritual issues, etc.
Hello, I am Sinisa. I am an experienced therapist and Lecturer in Counselling at the University of East London. Working with me, you will find a warm and safe environment to explore your thoughts, feelings, and beliefs. I am here to empower you to help yourself to create meaningful and lasting change. No matter what your background is, I am here to listen and help. I support people with a range of issues, some of which include: anxiety, depression, relationship issues, stress, low moods, sexuality and gender identity issues, low self-esteem, sadness, separation, divorce, middle-life crisis, procrastination, spiritual issues, etc.
020 4538 3255 View 020 4538 3255
Photo of Julie Friend, MSc, CPsychol, Psychologist
Julie Friend
Psychologist, MSc, CPsychol
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE4
What's on your mind? Perhaps you have suffered a loss, or you are experiencing a low mood which seems to have appeared out of the blue. It might be that anxious feelings are overwhelming you, or that your relationships feel challenging or even destructive. Painful childhood experiences could be impacting your current life and your relationships in a way that feels unmanageable. Or perhaps none of the above - you just can't quite identify what you're feeling and would like to understand yourself better. Whatever your struggles I am happy to meet with you to discuss how I can help.
What's on your mind? Perhaps you have suffered a loss, or you are experiencing a low mood which seems to have appeared out of the blue. It might be that anxious feelings are overwhelming you, or that your relationships feel challenging or even destructive. Painful childhood experiences could be impacting your current life and your relationships in a way that feels unmanageable. Or perhaps none of the above - you just can't quite identify what you're feeling and would like to understand yourself better. Whatever your struggles I am happy to meet with you to discuss how I can help.
020 4530 8414 View 020 4530 8414
Photo of Dr Sandra Couto, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Sandra Couto
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
London SW7
Do you ever feel worried, stuck, lost, hopeless, lonely, lethargic, anxious, unable to sleep – less able to cope with life in general? Does this affect your ability to enjoy relationships, work, everyday life? Most of us experience challenging times at various stages of our lives but we don’t have to be alone with this. Psychological therapy offers a safe place that helps you to understand and overcome your issues. I will work with you as a team to understand symptoms, underlying issues, their causes and maintenance specific to you. We will find ways forward to relieving symptoms and distress and improving your wellbeing.
Do you ever feel worried, stuck, lost, hopeless, lonely, lethargic, anxious, unable to sleep – less able to cope with life in general? Does this affect your ability to enjoy relationships, work, everyday life? Most of us experience challenging times at various stages of our lives but we don’t have to be alone with this. Psychological therapy offers a safe place that helps you to understand and overcome your issues. I will work with you as a team to understand symptoms, underlying issues, their causes and maintenance specific to you. We will find ways forward to relieving symptoms and distress and improving your wellbeing.
020 3195 4395 View 020 3195 4395
Photo of Victoria Kate Riches - Clarity Psychotherapy & Transformational Coaching, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Clarity Psychotherapy & Transformational Coaching
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE9
Do you currently feel stuck or confused, anxious or fearful, emotionally numb, frustrated or restrained, under achieving, without clear identity, low in self-confidence or esteem, lacking purpose, grief or regret, depressed or hopeless, anger, lost or trapped in the past? Do you want to feel empowered & full of clarity, calm & peaceful, emotionally aware & connected, unfettered and free, high achieving, full of self-worth & belief, a strong sense of purpose & identity, healed, joyful & hopeful, composed, focused on the present & future, less self-judgement? The Clarity is the place for you.
Do you currently feel stuck or confused, anxious or fearful, emotionally numb, frustrated or restrained, under achieving, without clear identity, low in self-confidence or esteem, lacking purpose, grief or regret, depressed or hopeless, anger, lost or trapped in the past? Do you want to feel empowered & full of clarity, calm & peaceful, emotionally aware & connected, unfettered and free, high achieving, full of self-worth & belief, a strong sense of purpose & identity, healed, joyful & hopeful, composed, focused on the present & future, less self-judgement? The Clarity is the place for you.
07588 687153 View 07588 687153
Photo of Ben Osborne, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Ben Osborne
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
London N7
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed or stuck in life? Whatever your worry or concern, sharing what’s on your mind is the start of healing and self-acceptance. Asking for help is a vulnerable step, but I believe it's very worthwhile. I understand that finding a therapist you can trust and feel comfortable with, is an important decision. That is why I offer a free initial session where you can find out if we are a good match and ask any questions you might have. I welcome working with LGBTQIA+ clients, global majority clients, and clients with neurodiversity.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed or stuck in life? Whatever your worry or concern, sharing what’s on your mind is the start of healing and self-acceptance. Asking for help is a vulnerable step, but I believe it's very worthwhile. I understand that finding a therapist you can trust and feel comfortable with, is an important decision. That is why I offer a free initial session where you can find out if we are a good match and ask any questions you might have. I welcome working with LGBTQIA+ clients, global majority clients, and clients with neurodiversity.
020 3947 8287 View 020 3947 8287
Photo of Meret Aeschlimann, MA
Meret Aeschlimann
MA
Verified Verified
London SW9
I am a child-centred play therapist and work with children aged 4 to 17 years old. Play therapy is a therapeutic approach which allows the child to process their emotions, trauma and relationship dynamics through play, the child's natural form of communication. Play therapy helps children process traumatic events and relationships, gain more self-esteem and self-acceptance, and lessens anxiety and depression. As a play therapist I provide a safe and containing setting by building a trusting, therapeutic relationship with the child. I am registered with BAPT and follow their code of ethics.
I am a child-centred play therapist and work with children aged 4 to 17 years old. Play therapy is a therapeutic approach which allows the child to process their emotions, trauma and relationship dynamics through play, the child's natural form of communication. Play therapy helps children process traumatic events and relationships, gain more self-esteem and self-acceptance, and lessens anxiety and depression. As a play therapist I provide a safe and containing setting by building a trusting, therapeutic relationship with the child. I am registered with BAPT and follow their code of ethics.
020 7123 8359 View 020 7123 8359
Photo of Simon Chu, MUKCP, Counsellor
Simon Chu
Counsellor, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London W10
Do you find yourself repeating patterns of behaviour that lead to the same unhappy outcome time after time? Are you ever overwhelmed by negative thoughts, feelings or beliefs that stop you moving on in your life? Is the voice of your own inner critic sometimes so loud that you are stricken by panic or frozen with fear? Maybe you are alone or part of a couple and longing for intimacy that never comes? If any of these experiences ring true, I can give you the support you need to find the direction and meaning that has gone missing from your life.
Do you find yourself repeating patterns of behaviour that lead to the same unhappy outcome time after time? Are you ever overwhelmed by negative thoughts, feelings or beliefs that stop you moving on in your life? Is the voice of your own inner critic sometimes so loud that you are stricken by panic or frozen with fear? Maybe you are alone or part of a couple and longing for intimacy that never comes? If any of these experiences ring true, I can give you the support you need to find the direction and meaning that has gone missing from your life.
020 4524 3191 View 020 4524 3191
Photo of Lydie Cacoujat, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Lydie Cacoujat
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London SE10
I am a family therapist and I work with families, couple and individuals. We all face challenges and experience problems from time to time. Sometimes this can put pressure on individuals, families and couples. The latter affects relationships and mental Heath and wellbeing. Family therapist aims to promote understanding and collaboration in relationships and among family members and their community ( extended family and professionals involved with the family).
I am a family therapist and I work with families, couple and individuals. We all face challenges and experience problems from time to time. Sometimes this can put pressure on individuals, families and couples. The latter affects relationships and mental Heath and wellbeing. Family therapist aims to promote understanding and collaboration in relationships and among family members and their community ( extended family and professionals involved with the family).
020 4538 4486 View 020 4538 4486
Photo of Lilian Abrahams, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Lilian Abrahams
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London E4
I am an integrative psychotherapist and systemic family practitioner. I am registered with BACP and UKCP. I work with families, couples and individuals. I have a wealth of experience, having worked within the mental health field for over 20 years with a range of clients with emotional difficulties. I have experience working within the NHS in a secondary care setting offering long-term psychotherapy, within a primary care setting offering short-term counselling, within CAMHS offering family therapy. I am passionate about the mental health and well-being of families, couples and individuals.
I am an integrative psychotherapist and systemic family practitioner. I am registered with BACP and UKCP. I work with families, couples and individuals. I have a wealth of experience, having worked within the mental health field for over 20 years with a range of clients with emotional difficulties. I have experience working within the NHS in a secondary care setting offering long-term psychotherapy, within a primary care setting offering short-term counselling, within CAMHS offering family therapy. I am passionate about the mental health and well-being of families, couples and individuals.
020 7870 1606 View 020 7870 1606
Photo of Christel Ceraline - Christian Counselling Online, ACC Reg, Counsellor
Christian Counselling Online
Counsellor, ACC Reg
Verified Verified
London EC1N  (Online Only)
I offer counselling mainly to those who suffer from depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, family issues, mental, physical, emotional, spiritual or sexual abuse including trauma. My goal is to help the individual to find their own solutions to their problems through active listening, help the person to see the situation more clearly and objectively and enable the client to take responsibility for their own lives and make their own decisions. I have a passion for helping marriages in crisis and have a heart for victims of all sorts of abuse, mainly emotional, sexual and spiritual. I also counsel in French.
I offer counselling mainly to those who suffer from depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, family issues, mental, physical, emotional, spiritual or sexual abuse including trauma. My goal is to help the individual to find their own solutions to their problems through active listening, help the person to see the situation more clearly and objectively and enable the client to take responsibility for their own lives and make their own decisions. I have a passion for helping marriages in crisis and have a heart for victims of all sorts of abuse, mainly emotional, sexual and spiritual. I also counsel in French.
020 4538 9427 View 020 4538 9427
Photo of Julie Coya Telvi, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Julie Coya Telvi
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London NW7  (Online Only)
Some people who have had painful experiences in their past suffer from mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. This is usually because the effect of these experiences on the person's sense of self as well as on their significant relationships have never been explored or discussed. Consequently, they enter into problematic interaction patterns often fueled by feelings of not being validated or acknowledged by the people who are closest to them. Their issues might also be linked to their culture, race, sexuality, age , faith etc as well as to their stories of migration.
Some people who have had painful experiences in their past suffer from mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. This is usually because the effect of these experiences on the person's sense of self as well as on their significant relationships have never been explored or discussed. Consequently, they enter into problematic interaction patterns often fueled by feelings of not being validated or acknowledged by the people who are closest to them. Their issues might also be linked to their culture, race, sexuality, age , faith etc as well as to their stories of migration.
020 7046 1392 View 020 7046 1392
Photo of Bella Whittaker, MBACP, Counsellor
Bella Whittaker
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SW15
Hi, I'm Bella, a psychotherapeutic counsellor who specialises in working with young adults. I chose this path because during my own experience at this stage of life, I realised that there was a mental health crisis amongst the young, and I wanted to do something about it. I’m really aware of the pressures faced and understand the stress caused by this age of comparison and competitiveness that contribute to feelings of inadequacy and anxiety. I primarily work relationally, and I think the most important thing is that, at the core, we’re just two people meeting and connecting as humans.
Hi, I'm Bella, a psychotherapeutic counsellor who specialises in working with young adults. I chose this path because during my own experience at this stage of life, I realised that there was a mental health crisis amongst the young, and I wanted to do something about it. I’m really aware of the pressures faced and understand the stress caused by this age of comparison and competitiveness that contribute to feelings of inadequacy and anxiety. I primarily work relationally, and I think the most important thing is that, at the core, we’re just two people meeting and connecting as humans.
020 3984 9338 View 020 3984 9338
Photo of Nikki Palmer, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Nikki Palmer
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
London E8
I’m an empathic and approachable therapist offering face-to-face appointments in Hackney. I welcome you into a warm, respectful, supportive and non-judgmental space where we can carefully reflect on all parts of yourself – even those that might be scared, vulnerable or angry. Losses, unmet grief, trauma, questions about our identity or sense of self can have enormous impact on our wellbeing. I’m a fully qualified practitioner and MBACP member. I hold a BACP-accredited foundation certificate and a postgraduate diploma in Integrative Counselling/Psychotherapy from the Minster Centre, London.
I’m an empathic and approachable therapist offering face-to-face appointments in Hackney. I welcome you into a warm, respectful, supportive and non-judgmental space where we can carefully reflect on all parts of yourself – even those that might be scared, vulnerable or angry. Losses, unmet grief, trauma, questions about our identity or sense of self can have enormous impact on our wellbeing. I’m a fully qualified practitioner and MBACP member. I hold a BACP-accredited foundation certificate and a postgraduate diploma in Integrative Counselling/Psychotherapy from the Minster Centre, London.
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Photo of Marek Sarnecki, MSc, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Marek Sarnecki
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London EC4N
My name is Marek and I am a Psychotherapist and a Sex and Relationship Therapist who works in a private practice and in a higher education institution in London. I believe therapy helps people to develop a deeper understanding of themselves and their relationships to become free of old patterns, or simply find ways to process pain or memories that have kept them feeling stuck. I strongly believe that we simply repeat what we don't repair. I have a heart and a passion for the work I do in creating effective change. My clinical experience includes working for: NHS, a community counselling services, and a suicidal respite centre.
My name is Marek and I am a Psychotherapist and a Sex and Relationship Therapist who works in a private practice and in a higher education institution in London. I believe therapy helps people to develop a deeper understanding of themselves and their relationships to become free of old patterns, or simply find ways to process pain or memories that have kept them feeling stuck. I strongly believe that we simply repeat what we don't repair. I have a heart and a passion for the work I do in creating effective change. My clinical experience includes working for: NHS, a community counselling services, and a suicidal respite centre.
020 3962 2243 View 020 3962 2243
Photo of Ari Sotiriou, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Ari Sotiriou
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London SE1  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Ari I am an online therapy specialist. I know that taking the first step toward therapy can feel daunting, and it takes real courage to reach out for support. It's natural to feel unsure about opening to someone new, but I want you to know that I'm here to support you every step of the way.
Hello, my name is Ari I am an online therapy specialist. I know that taking the first step toward therapy can feel daunting, and it takes real courage to reach out for support. It's natural to feel unsure about opening to someone new, but I want you to know that I'm here to support you every step of the way.
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Photo of Aaron Wiener-Blotner, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Aaron Wiener-Blotner
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London W8  (Online Only)
Life can be complicated, and sometimes we feel at odds with ourselves, unsure of why we struggle or feel stuck. Whether you're facing relationship difficulties or feelings of being overwhelmed, you don’t have to do it alone. My approach creates a space to explore life's challenges. I specialize in helping individuals navigate complex trauma and emotional challenges. My role is to guide you toward greater self-awareness and a more authentic, unburdened sense of self.
Life can be complicated, and sometimes we feel at odds with ourselves, unsure of why we struggle or feel stuck. Whether you're facing relationship difficulties or feelings of being overwhelmed, you don’t have to do it alone. My approach creates a space to explore life's challenges. I specialize in helping individuals navigate complex trauma and emotional challenges. My role is to guide you toward greater self-awareness and a more authentic, unburdened sense of self.
020 3828 7653 View 020 3828 7653
Photo of Danielle Lisbon, MBACP, Counsellor
Danielle Lisbon
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE13
As a dedicated Person-Centered Therapist, I am committed to providing a safe and empathetic space for individuals to explore their inner experiences and foster personal growth. I am passionate about promoting mental wellness and facilitating meaningful change in the lives of my clients. By fostering a supportive and compassionate therapeutic environment, I aim to empower individuals to tap into their inner resources, build resilience, and lead more authentic and fulfilling lives. My therapeutic approach is grounded in the principles of Person-Centered Therapy, which emphasises unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness.
As a dedicated Person-Centered Therapist, I am committed to providing a safe and empathetic space for individuals to explore their inner experiences and foster personal growth. I am passionate about promoting mental wellness and facilitating meaningful change in the lives of my clients. By fostering a supportive and compassionate therapeutic environment, I aim to empower individuals to tap into their inner resources, build resilience, and lead more authentic and fulfilling lives. My therapeutic approach is grounded in the principles of Person-Centered Therapy, which emphasises unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness.
020 3772 3308 View 020 3772 3308
Photo of Mischa Richards, MA, BPC, Psychotherapist
Mischa Richards
Psychotherapist, MA, BPC
Verified Verified
London SE1
Looking for help, enhanced quality of life and to realise your potential? Along life’s course, suffering can prevent us from living the life that is ours. With empathy and interest, I will support you to discover your truth and freedom.
Looking for help, enhanced quality of life and to realise your potential? Along life’s course, suffering can prevent us from living the life that is ours. With empathy and interest, I will support you to discover your truth and freedom.
020 7870 6643 View 020 7870 6643
Photo of Simon Riches, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Simon Riches
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London SE1  (Online Only)
I provide psychological assessment and therapy with individuals, couples, and families. I am a warm, compassionate psychologist who provides a collaborative therapeutic space attuned to clients' values and goals.
I provide psychological assessment and therapy with individuals, couples, and families. I am a warm, compassionate psychologist who provides a collaborative therapeutic space attuned to clients' values and goals.
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See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
83% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
62% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aviva
63% AXA PPP
55% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.