Counselling in London

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Photo of Dr Zera Brittenden, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Zera Brittenden
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
London W1G
I work with people who may be experiencing difficulty with a range of issues, including anxiety (e.g. social anxiety, OCD, worry/generalised anxiety, health anxiety, panic), trauma, psychosis spectrum experiences (e.g. voices, paranoia or unusual beliefs), sleep, perfectionism and low self-esteem. Therapy usually begins with understanding how these difficulties developed, before working on what may be maintaining them, supporting you to make changes in line with your goals.
I work with people who may be experiencing difficulty with a range of issues, including anxiety (e.g. social anxiety, OCD, worry/generalised anxiety, health anxiety, panic), trauma, psychosis spectrum experiences (e.g. voices, paranoia or unusual beliefs), sleep, perfectionism and low self-esteem. Therapy usually begins with understanding how these difficulties developed, before working on what may be maintaining them, supporting you to make changes in line with your goals.
020 4538 4295 View 020 4538 4295
Photo of Sue Wilson, Counsellor, MBACP
Sue Wilson
Counsellor, MBACP
London W6
I hold huge love and commitment in working alongside people to empower them in looking at events in their lives which may have been overwhelming or distressing and can happen to anyone at any time. Sometimes life can leave us feeling stuck, not knowing where to turn. Distressing events can fill us with fear in taking the next step. Feeling confused and overwhelmed can unexpectedly stop us in our tracks. Whatever your challenge, my approach is to offer an honest, trusting relationship within which to accompany you through your difficulties to regain your confidence in finding your way to a better place in life.
I hold huge love and commitment in working alongside people to empower them in looking at events in their lives which may have been overwhelming or distressing and can happen to anyone at any time. Sometimes life can leave us feeling stuck, not knowing where to turn. Distressing events can fill us with fear in taking the next step. Feeling confused and overwhelmed can unexpectedly stop us in our tracks. Whatever your challenge, my approach is to offer an honest, trusting relationship within which to accompany you through your difficulties to regain your confidence in finding your way to a better place in life.
020 3871 3241 View 020 3871 3241
Photo of Joanna Benfield, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Joanna Benfield
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Online Only
Sex is a natural, normal and enjoyable part of our lives but sometimes it can become something that feels out of control, damaging and destructive. Some people find themselves addicted to porn, watching it for hours every day, and as a result their work and their relationships suffer. Others become addicted to having sex with strangers or with escorts. They may find themselves spending huge amounts of money, putting themselves and their partners at risk of sexually transmitted diseases and damaging their relationships. When sex feels like it has become out of control, then it is time to seek help.
Sex is a natural, normal and enjoyable part of our lives but sometimes it can become something that feels out of control, damaging and destructive. Some people find themselves addicted to porn, watching it for hours every day, and as a result their work and their relationships suffer. Others become addicted to having sex with strangers or with escorts. They may find themselves spending huge amounts of money, putting themselves and their partners at risk of sexually transmitted diseases and damaging their relationships. When sex feels like it has become out of control, then it is time to seek help.
020 3893 2510 View 020 3893 2510
Photo of Michelle Denny-Browne, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Michelle Denny-Browne
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Online Only
I am an experienced qualified Therapist and Supervisor, accredited member of the BACP and NCS (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy/National Counselling and Psychotherapist Society). I have been working therapeutically in the community for nearly 20 years. My background is in family health. I am committed to working ethically and within a contracted relationship, and I have extensive experience with childhood trauma, relationship issues, abuse, anger management, addictions, work/employment dynamics, sexual identity, loss/bereavement, cultural identity issues, family dynamics, anxiety and depression.
I am an experienced qualified Therapist and Supervisor, accredited member of the BACP and NCS (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy/National Counselling and Psychotherapist Society). I have been working therapeutically in the community for nearly 20 years. My background is in family health. I am committed to working ethically and within a contracted relationship, and I have extensive experience with childhood trauma, relationship issues, abuse, anger management, addictions, work/employment dynamics, sexual identity, loss/bereavement, cultural identity issues, family dynamics, anxiety and depression.
020 8049 3070 View 020 8049 3070
Photo of Victoria Gale, Counsellor, MBACP
Victoria Gale
Counsellor, MBACP
London SE22
Sometimes it’s difficult to admit we are struggling, show our vulnerability and ask for help. But when we get ‘stuck’ and can’t see a way out, it can be helpful to have someone impartial and non-judgemental to talk things through with, to help us make sense of the challenges we are facing in life. Life is an inevitably difficult process to manage as it is always dynamic and changing. As human beings and social creatures, we navigate multiple relationships, search for meaning and purpose in our lives, balance responsibility with choice and freedom, and endure physical and emotional pain, loss and loneliness.
Sometimes it’s difficult to admit we are struggling, show our vulnerability and ask for help. But when we get ‘stuck’ and can’t see a way out, it can be helpful to have someone impartial and non-judgemental to talk things through with, to help us make sense of the challenges we are facing in life. Life is an inevitably difficult process to manage as it is always dynamic and changing. As human beings and social creatures, we navigate multiple relationships, search for meaning and purpose in our lives, balance responsibility with choice and freedom, and endure physical and emotional pain, loss and loneliness.
020 4634 3803 View 020 4634 3803
Photo of Gillian Carmichael, Counsellor, MBACP
Gillian Carmichael
Counsellor, MBACP
London SE1
I specialize in working with couples. Whether you’re navigating conflict, rebuilding trust, or feeling disconnected, counselling offers a space for both of you to explore challenges and create meaningful change together. Relationships are complex, shaped by shared history, individual experiences, and the way we respond to one another. Sometimes, uncovering patterns from the past can lead to powerful breakthroughs in the present. I also work with individuals, helping to address a wide range of issues. The act of naming and exploring a challenge in a safe, non-judgmental space can bring relief and open the door to lasting growth.
I specialize in working with couples. Whether you’re navigating conflict, rebuilding trust, or feeling disconnected, counselling offers a space for both of you to explore challenges and create meaningful change together. Relationships are complex, shaped by shared history, individual experiences, and the way we respond to one another. Sometimes, uncovering patterns from the past can lead to powerful breakthroughs in the present. I also work with individuals, helping to address a wide range of issues. The act of naming and exploring a challenge in a safe, non-judgmental space can bring relief and open the door to lasting growth.
020 4538 5965 View 020 4538 5965
Photo of Fatma Arnavut - The Self-Esteem & Anxiety Therapist , Psychotherapist, MBABCP
The Self-Esteem & Anxiety Therapist
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
London E1
Regulate stress. Manage Anxiety. Boost your self esteem. Build confidence. Do you struggle with overthinking, stress, anxiety, or feeling constantly on edge? Maybe you experience anxiety attacks, intrusive thoughts OR find it hard to relax. Perhaps past experiences still affect you, making it difficult to feel safe or in control? I help burnt out clients break free from cycles of anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and self criticism using CBT, EMDR, and mind-body techniques. Therapy can help you feel calmer, build confidence and regain a sense of balance in your life. You don’t have to navigate this alone—let me help you!
Regulate stress. Manage Anxiety. Boost your self esteem. Build confidence. Do you struggle with overthinking, stress, anxiety, or feeling constantly on edge? Maybe you experience anxiety attacks, intrusive thoughts OR find it hard to relax. Perhaps past experiences still affect you, making it difficult to feel safe or in control? I help burnt out clients break free from cycles of anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and self criticism using CBT, EMDR, and mind-body techniques. Therapy can help you feel calmer, build confidence and regain a sense of balance in your life. You don’t have to navigate this alone—let me help you!
01708 596846 View 01708 596846
Photo of Fergus A Mooney, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Fergus A Mooney
Psychotherapist, MBACP
London SE11
As a registered BACP counsellor, I offer a person-centred approach that integrates psychodynamic theories. I also integrate CBT exercises as an extra aid for you between sessions.
As a registered BACP counsellor, I offer a person-centred approach that integrates psychodynamic theories. I also integrate CBT exercises as an extra aid for you between sessions.
020 3893 3563 View 020 3893 3563
Photo of Dr Robert O'Flaherty - Dr Rob - Clinical Psychologist - Online Therapy, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Rob - Clinical Psychologist - Online Therapy
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
Specialising in men’s issues, including sex problems (erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, sex addiction / sexual compulsions, and problematic pornography use / porn addiction); sexual abuse; trauma and PTSD; intrusive sexual thoughts; anger issues; anxiety; depression; adjusting to a physical health condition; relationship issues; stress; sexuality and more. I am a chartered clinical psychologist and EMDR therapist with over 15 years NHS experience of working in mental health and now work full time in private practice online.
Specialising in men’s issues, including sex problems (erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, sex addiction / sexual compulsions, and problematic pornography use / porn addiction); sexual abuse; trauma and PTSD; intrusive sexual thoughts; anger issues; anxiety; depression; adjusting to a physical health condition; relationship issues; stress; sexuality and more. I am a chartered clinical psychologist and EMDR therapist with over 15 years NHS experience of working in mental health and now work full time in private practice online.
01525 659965 View 01525 659965
Photo of Letitia Heywood, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Letitia Heywood
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
London E3
Whatever the reason you are seeking therapy I will offer a safe and non-judgmental space for us to explore the difficulties you might be facing in your life. I bring a relational and empathic approach to the work. In other words, I am simply myself and I welcome whoever you are and whatever you may wish to bring. I believe such a relationship can prove to be the reparative foundation for the change and growth you seek.
Whatever the reason you are seeking therapy I will offer a safe and non-judgmental space for us to explore the difficulties you might be facing in your life. I bring a relational and empathic approach to the work. In other words, I am simply myself and I welcome whoever you are and whatever you may wish to bring. I believe such a relationship can prove to be the reparative foundation for the change and growth you seek.
020 4538 9814 View 020 4538 9814
Photo of Nick Rawling, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Nick Rawling
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
London SE19
Many people feel 'stuck' and unable to move forward. I can help you unpick the reasons for this paralysis and find a way through your difficulties.Psychotherapy can help when life crises such as divorce, bereavement, ageing parents, or a lack of purpose become hard to deal with.
Many people feel 'stuck' and unable to move forward. I can help you unpick the reasons for this paralysis and find a way through your difficulties.Psychotherapy can help when life crises such as divorce, bereavement, ageing parents, or a lack of purpose become hard to deal with.
020 4524 2175 View 020 4524 2175
Photo of Bia Padilha, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MUKCP
Bia Padilha
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
London E3
Hello and welcome. Starting therapy can feel daunting but also incredibly liberating once you get started. I offer a warm and welcoming environment where together we can explore what is troubling you and seek to ultimately find relief through this process. With twelve years of experience working with clients who have sought to make sense of their life, I am able to help by walking alongside you in your journey, whether this is for a short while or longer-term. In our time together, we will uncover what lies behind your anxieties and try out strategies that may support you as you work through the challenges you are facing.
Hello and welcome. Starting therapy can feel daunting but also incredibly liberating once you get started. I offer a warm and welcoming environment where together we can explore what is troubling you and seek to ultimately find relief through this process. With twelve years of experience working with clients who have sought to make sense of their life, I am able to help by walking alongside you in your journey, whether this is for a short while or longer-term. In our time together, we will uncover what lies behind your anxieties and try out strategies that may support you as you work through the challenges you are facing.
020 3389 9686 View 020 3389 9686
Photo of Kirsten Shirke, Psychotherapist, BACP
Kirsten Shirke
Psychotherapist, BACP
London SE9
Do you feel overwhelmed by feelings and emotions you can't understand? Do you struggle with relationships or feel isolated and alone? Do you have a difficult relationship with food? Have you harmed yourself or struggled with thoughts of ending your life? Have you experienced trauma, abuse, violence or loss? Have you turned to drugs or alcohol to help cope with difficult memories? Are you going through work stress or chronic pain? I will work with you to explore your feelings and help develop an understanding of your experiences in relation to the whole person that you are, working towards building a different and brighter future.
Do you feel overwhelmed by feelings and emotions you can't understand? Do you struggle with relationships or feel isolated and alone? Do you have a difficult relationship with food? Have you harmed yourself or struggled with thoughts of ending your life? Have you experienced trauma, abuse, violence or loss? Have you turned to drugs or alcohol to help cope with difficult memories? Are you going through work stress or chronic pain? I will work with you to explore your feelings and help develop an understanding of your experiences in relation to the whole person that you are, working towards building a different and brighter future.
020 3962 0857 View 020 3962 0857
Photo of Rita Da Silva, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Rita Da Silva
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
London SE27
I am an experienced and accredited counsellor, psychotherapist, and CBT therapist dedicated to helping you navigate life’s challenges. Through our sessions, we can explore what is happening in your current life, identify paths forward, and support your personal growth. Counselling provides a valuable space to understand your needs, develop effective coping strategies, and improve relationships with others.
I am an experienced and accredited counsellor, psychotherapist, and CBT therapist dedicated to helping you navigate life’s challenges. Through our sessions, we can explore what is happening in your current life, identify paths forward, and support your personal growth. Counselling provides a valuable space to understand your needs, develop effective coping strategies, and improve relationships with others.
020 4538 4875 View 020 4538 4875
Photo of Imogen Parry, Counsellor, MBACP
Imogen Parry
Counsellor, MBACP
3 Endorsed
London NW6
Hello, I'm Imogen. I offer a steady, compassionate presence and a safe space for you to explore your difficulties. I will walk alongside you to challenging places and help you find your voice, make sense of your feelings, and begin to heal. I have over 10 years' experience of working in mental health and physical well-being with individuals and groups. I am an Integrative Therapist, which means I draw on a range of different psychotherapeutic approaches in response to you and what you bring, rather than imposing any set regime.
Hello, I'm Imogen. I offer a steady, compassionate presence and a safe space for you to explore your difficulties. I will walk alongside you to challenging places and help you find your voice, make sense of your feelings, and begin to heal. I have over 10 years' experience of working in mental health and physical well-being with individuals and groups. I am an Integrative Therapist, which means I draw on a range of different psychotherapeutic approaches in response to you and what you bring, rather than imposing any set regime.
020 3958 4412 View 020 3958 4412
Photo of Dr Jane Kelly, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Jane Kelly
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
London SW19
I work in 3 main ways: 1. Gently: I can help you begin a journey of understanding yourself and introduce you to therapy tools and get you back to feeling like you again. 2. We delve deeper, I can help you heal from a broken relationship either recent or long ago that is holding you back. You must be ready to do this deep work as you will release a lot of stored emotion. 3. I also work with young people (14-17yrs) helping them understand their emotions and teaching them tools and tricks to manage life. You choose which level you want to work at, but our discussions are wrapped with warmth, fun and need to know truths.
I work in 3 main ways: 1. Gently: I can help you begin a journey of understanding yourself and introduce you to therapy tools and get you back to feeling like you again. 2. We delve deeper, I can help you heal from a broken relationship either recent or long ago that is holding you back. You must be ready to do this deep work as you will release a lot of stored emotion. 3. I also work with young people (14-17yrs) helping them understand their emotions and teaching them tools and tricks to manage life. You choose which level you want to work at, but our discussions are wrapped with warmth, fun and need to know truths.
01285 704369 View 01285 704369
Photo of Adam Tiger, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Adam Tiger
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
London W13
Life presents challenges which may lead to feelings of anxiety, depression and low self-esteem which are often difficult to navigate alone. My role as a therapist is to support you through this. My path to becoming a therapist hasn't been straightforward, it's been shaped by real-life challenges. I know what it’s like to feel lost, stuck, or disconnected from yourself and others. Working through these struggles has deepened my understanding of human resilience, healing and change. These lived experiences have informed my compassionate, grounded approach to therapy and given me a deep respect for each person’s unique journey.
Life presents challenges which may lead to feelings of anxiety, depression and low self-esteem which are often difficult to navigate alone. My role as a therapist is to support you through this. My path to becoming a therapist hasn't been straightforward, it's been shaped by real-life challenges. I know what it’s like to feel lost, stuck, or disconnected from yourself and others. Working through these struggles has deepened my understanding of human resilience, healing and change. These lived experiences have informed my compassionate, grounded approach to therapy and given me a deep respect for each person’s unique journey.
020 3675 9870 View 020 3675 9870
Photo of Chloe Diski, Psychotherapist, MA, BPC
Chloe Diski
Psychotherapist, MA, BPC
London WC1A
Talking about the most difficult experiences or the most difficult parts of oneself can be challenging, but it is also an essential part of development and change. I offer an open and calm environment which give clients the space to learn about themselves and to explore complicated internal experiences, with confidence and compassion. After a career in writing and journalism I completed a five-year adult psychodynamic psychotherapy training at the Tavistock Clinic and saw patients for over 10 years at St Bart's Hospital, Homerton Hospital and the Tavistock Clinic. I now work in private practice in Bloomsbury.
Talking about the most difficult experiences or the most difficult parts of oneself can be challenging, but it is also an essential part of development and change. I offer an open and calm environment which give clients the space to learn about themselves and to explore complicated internal experiences, with confidence and compassion. After a career in writing and journalism I completed a five-year adult psychodynamic psychotherapy training at the Tavistock Clinic and saw patients for over 10 years at St Bart's Hospital, Homerton Hospital and the Tavistock Clinic. I now work in private practice in Bloomsbury.
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Photo of Piotr Jusik, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Piotr Jusik
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Online Only
Do you belong to many cultures? Perhaps working in an international company? Are you a high-flyer who will benefit from a mixture of coaching & counselling? Whether you're struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship problems, stress, anger problems, loneliness, low self-esteem, or navigating major life changes such as changing jobs or moving to a new country, I have successfully helped clients with these issues both in the UK NHS and in my private practice. If you are a multicultural professional working in high-pressure environments wanting to improve your mental health and grow personally, you have come to the right place.
Do you belong to many cultures? Perhaps working in an international company? Are you a high-flyer who will benefit from a mixture of coaching & counselling? Whether you're struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship problems, stress, anger problems, loneliness, low self-esteem, or navigating major life changes such as changing jobs or moving to a new country, I have successfully helped clients with these issues both in the UK NHS and in my private practice. If you are a multicultural professional working in high-pressure environments wanting to improve your mental health and grow personally, you have come to the right place.
020 3667 9837 View 020 3667 9837
Photo of India Hutchison, Counsellor, MBACP
India Hutchison
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
Whether you are looking to heal from the past, navigate the challenges of the present, or work toward a more fulfilling future, my goal is to walk alongside you, to explore the journey together and reach a place of clarity, strength, and positive change.  I support clients facing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, neurodivergence, grief, trauma, and major life changes. Therapy offers a compassionate space to feel understood, gain deeper self-awareness, and develop tools to navigate life’s challenges with greater confidence.
Whether you are looking to heal from the past, navigate the challenges of the present, or work toward a more fulfilling future, my goal is to walk alongside you, to explore the journey together and reach a place of clarity, strength, and positive change.  I support clients facing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, neurodivergence, grief, trauma, and major life changes. Therapy offers a compassionate space to feel understood, gain deeper self-awareness, and develop tools to navigate life’s challenges with greater confidence.
020 4538 3821 View 020 4538 3821

See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£80

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
82% Self Esteem
79% Relationship Issues
77% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
61% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aviva
65% AXA PPP
55% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.