Therapists in Grass Valley, CA

Photo of Lin Jovanovic, PhD, Psychologist
Lin Jovanovic
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Do you feel like you are disconnected from your partner or do you fight all the time? I know what these struggles feel like, and I know how painful it is to face those problems alone. Creating stronger and healthier relationships and sex lives is my primary focus. I have extensive training in helping couples and I get down to business in the very first session. I offer individual therapy, couples therapy, two day in person intensives for more complex issues, and Discernment Counseling. Get more information about my approach at my website: www.relationshipexplorations.com.
Do you feel like you are disconnected from your partner or do you fight all the time? I know what these struggles feel like, and I know how painful it is to face those problems alone. Creating stronger and healthier relationships and sex lives is my primary focus. I have extensive training in helping couples and I get down to business in the very first session. I offer individual therapy, couples therapy, two day in person intensives for more complex issues, and Discernment Counseling. Get more information about my approach at my website: www.relationshipexplorations.com.
(530) 491-4779 View (530) 491-4779
Photo of Julie Quillen, MA, SEP
Julie Quillen
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, SEP
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Waitlist for new clients
I offer holistic, heart-centered therapy and focus on the mind-body connection. I will support you as you navigate life’s struggles, deepen your inner resources, and develop tools to embrace a rich and meaningful life. I bring attunement, warmth, and curiosity to my work, and I believe that we are all capable of growth. It is an honor to hear your story and bear witness to your experience.
I offer holistic, heart-centered therapy and focus on the mind-body connection. I will support you as you navigate life’s struggles, deepen your inner resources, and develop tools to embrace a rich and meaningful life. I bring attunement, warmth, and curiosity to my work, and I believe that we are all capable of growth. It is an honor to hear your story and bear witness to your experience.
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Photo of Christine Shelton, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christine Shelton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I have a special heart to help people. I offer kind and compassionate therapy to help individuals, couples, families, teens, and children smooth out and overcome the bumps in life's path. I encourage, empower, and educate clients on using effective tools to help them on their journey through life. I am an experienced clinician and have been supporting individuals and families since 2002. I will help you gain tools to lead to positive change and a healthy, happy life. Call me to get help with anxiety, depression, communication, stages of life, trauma, self-esteem, stress, co-parenting and problem-solving.
I have a special heart to help people. I offer kind and compassionate therapy to help individuals, couples, families, teens, and children smooth out and overcome the bumps in life's path. I encourage, empower, and educate clients on using effective tools to help them on their journey through life. I am an experienced clinician and have been supporting individuals and families since 2002. I will help you gain tools to lead to positive change and a healthy, happy life. Call me to get help with anxiety, depression, communication, stages of life, trauma, self-esteem, stress, co-parenting and problem-solving.
(530) 802-8005 View (530) 802-8005
Photo of Agnes Cartry-Jacobsen, MA, AMFT, CCHT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Agnes Cartry-Jacobsen
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, CCHT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
If you or your child is suffering from depression, anxiety, relational problems, eating disorders, ADHD, the effect of trauma, grief, loss, as well as a mood or personality disorder, I can help you develop skills in your present life aimed at restoring healthy and meaningful strategies in your daily experience.
If you or your child is suffering from depression, anxiety, relational problems, eating disorders, ADHD, the effect of trauma, grief, loss, as well as a mood or personality disorder, I can help you develop skills in your present life aimed at restoring healthy and meaningful strategies in your daily experience.
(530) 675-8464 View (530) 675-8464
Photo of Meg Luce, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Meg Luce
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Caring, compassionate counseling to help clients move forward through challenges and make positive life changes. I work with individuals and couples to address relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety, trauma, stress management, low self-esteem, perfectionism, and new pathways for personal growth. While working with individuals, clients set the goals that they wish to address. My role is to listen, encourage, and guide clients in a process of self-discovery and self-mastery. Sometimes clients are trying to heal from past trauma and move forward. Sessions offer support for healing and learning new healthy ways to live.
Caring, compassionate counseling to help clients move forward through challenges and make positive life changes. I work with individuals and couples to address relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety, trauma, stress management, low self-esteem, perfectionism, and new pathways for personal growth. While working with individuals, clients set the goals that they wish to address. My role is to listen, encourage, and guide clients in a process of self-discovery and self-mastery. Sometimes clients are trying to heal from past trauma and move forward. Sessions offer support for healing and learning new healthy ways to live.
(530) 419-4557 View (530) 419-4557
Photo of Annabelle Graven, ACSW
Annabelle Graven
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
Welcome, I’m Annabelle! I’m a strength-based therapist who aims to offer a safe and nurturing environment for you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I hope to create an atmosphere that is full of trust, empathy, and unconditional positive regard that will allow you to embark on a journey of self-discovery and healing. I do not take the expert role and instead invite you to walk alongside me. I will remain curious and open as we begin to explore your innermost thoughts and emotions to strengthen your sense of self.
Welcome, I’m Annabelle! I’m a strength-based therapist who aims to offer a safe and nurturing environment for you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I hope to create an atmosphere that is full of trust, empathy, and unconditional positive regard that will allow you to embark on a journey of self-discovery and healing. I do not take the expert role and instead invite you to walk alongside me. I will remain curious and open as we begin to explore your innermost thoughts and emotions to strengthen your sense of self.
(530) 423-3400 View (530) 423-3400
Photo of Windy DiPietro, MA, LMFT, Coach, RYT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Windy DiPietro
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, Coach, RYT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95949
Are you constantly prioritizing others' needs over your own, feeling emotionally exhausted and undervalued? Do you struggle to set boundaries and often find yourself in relationships where you feel invisible, taken for granted, or unable to express your true feelings? These patterns can leave you feeling disconnected from yourself, anxious, and unsure of your identity outside of your role in others' lives.
Are you constantly prioritizing others' needs over your own, feeling emotionally exhausted and undervalued? Do you struggle to set boundaries and often find yourself in relationships where you feel invisible, taken for granted, or unable to express your true feelings? These patterns can leave you feeling disconnected from yourself, anxious, and unsure of your identity outside of your role in others' lives.
(530) 734-3180 View (530) 734-3180
Photo of Julianne Henry, MSW, LCSW, PPS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julianne Henry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, PPS
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
Open to accepting new clients in May 2024. I believe we all have the ability and strength within ourselves to experience emotionally healthy, strong, confident, happy, and successful lives. In a positive, empathetic, respectful, and safe environment, it would be my privilege to work with you to explore your truth, grow your inner strength, and increase your confidence. I assist my clients in making positive life changes by helping them cultivate greater self-awareness and emotional flexibility. With focused support and reflection, let's work together to overcome barriers to you thriving and living your best life.
Open to accepting new clients in May 2024. I believe we all have the ability and strength within ourselves to experience emotionally healthy, strong, confident, happy, and successful lives. In a positive, empathetic, respectful, and safe environment, it would be my privilege to work with you to explore your truth, grow your inner strength, and increase your confidence. I assist my clients in making positive life changes by helping them cultivate greater self-awareness and emotional flexibility. With focused support and reflection, let's work together to overcome barriers to you thriving and living your best life.
(530) 803-4999 View (530) 803-4999
Photo of Julia Mudarri, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julia Mudarri
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
Do you often feel isolated or overwhelmed? Do you constantly feel hurried? Our lives can present us with situations that cause us to question everything we thought we knew. Sometimes painful issues from your past like sexual abuse or other painful childhood experiences resurface. During these times, it can feel hopeless: causing anxiety or depression. Balancing these concerns among our busy lives causes stress and affect relationships with partners and children. Sometimes disagreements about how to parent also adds extra strain. You are not alone.
Do you often feel isolated or overwhelmed? Do you constantly feel hurried? Our lives can present us with situations that cause us to question everything we thought we knew. Sometimes painful issues from your past like sexual abuse or other painful childhood experiences resurface. During these times, it can feel hopeless: causing anxiety or depression. Balancing these concerns among our busy lives causes stress and affect relationships with partners and children. Sometimes disagreements about how to parent also adds extra strain. You are not alone.
(408) 560-4758 View (408) 560-4758
Photo of Brian David Parker, LPCC, MA, Counselor
Brian David Parker
Counselor, LPCC, MA
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
You are on a path toward healing. I would love to partner with you and bring my training and experience to support your healing and growth. Individuals, couples, families, and children are all welcome. I work with Narrative, Existential, and Strengths Based modalities to help you find meaning in suffering, create a new narrative, and capitalize on the strengths you already have. I am trained in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and EMDR. I provide therapy in English and in Spanish.
You are on a path toward healing. I would love to partner with you and bring my training and experience to support your healing and growth. Individuals, couples, families, and children are all welcome. I work with Narrative, Existential, and Strengths Based modalities to help you find meaning in suffering, create a new narrative, and capitalize on the strengths you already have. I am trained in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and EMDR. I provide therapy in English and in Spanish.
(530) 444-6203 View (530) 444-6203
Photo of Dr. Ramona Beresford-Howe, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Ramona Beresford-Howe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Are you feeling it right now? That stress and anxiety that just doesn't seem to go away? Do you find yourself still feeling worried and concerned about what happens next in the world? In your life? In your job? And aren't you getting tired of it all? Because even if you've tried therapy in the past, you realize that you can only get so far on your own. Deep down, you sense that finding someone who really gets you would be a relief, that asking for help is more a sign of strength than weakness, and that it really is possible to find the right person to help you feel better.
Are you feeling it right now? That stress and anxiety that just doesn't seem to go away? Do you find yourself still feeling worried and concerned about what happens next in the world? In your life? In your job? And aren't you getting tired of it all? Because even if you've tried therapy in the past, you realize that you can only get so far on your own. Deep down, you sense that finding someone who really gets you would be a relief, that asking for help is more a sign of strength than weakness, and that it really is possible to find the right person to help you feel better.
(530) 212-7223 View (530) 212-7223
Photo of Susan Byrne, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Susan Byrne
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95949
These are challenging, even scary, times for many. People can feel at a loss about how and where to find support. Many people experience an increase in anxiety, depression and PTSD symptoms due to personal and global challenges. If you are struggling, please know there are resources that can help even if you are not able to go out into your community or to a therapist's office. I am offering phone and video chat sessions via Zoom. A recent episode on NPR.org titled, "How to Get Therapy When You Can't Leave the House" might be of interest and helpful. You can also go to www.NPR.org/Life Kit
These are challenging, even scary, times for many. People can feel at a loss about how and where to find support. Many people experience an increase in anxiety, depression and PTSD symptoms due to personal and global challenges. If you are struggling, please know there are resources that can help even if you are not able to go out into your community or to a therapist's office. I am offering phone and video chat sessions via Zoom. A recent episode on NPR.org titled, "How to Get Therapy When You Can't Leave the House" might be of interest and helpful. You can also go to www.NPR.org/Life Kit
(530) 738-5040 View (530) 738-5040
Photo of Sierra Sparks - Sierra Therapy Center, LMFT
Sierra Therapy Center
LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Our story: Some of the best physicians are wounded healers, those who have walked through pain and suffering themselves only to emerge on the other side to help others. We believe strongly in the human capacity to heal. Our counseling specialists work with children/teens, adults, couples and families. With sensitivity and compassion, we help you bring resolution to the struggles you are facing. Modalities range from depth therapy, IMAGO couples therapy, Brainspotting, EMDR, play therapy, addiction groups to solution focused. We are trained in a variety of different therapeutic interventions that will fit what you need.
Our story: Some of the best physicians are wounded healers, those who have walked through pain and suffering themselves only to emerge on the other side to help others. We believe strongly in the human capacity to heal. Our counseling specialists work with children/teens, adults, couples and families. With sensitivity and compassion, we help you bring resolution to the struggles you are facing. Modalities range from depth therapy, IMAGO couples therapy, Brainspotting, EMDR, play therapy, addiction groups to solution focused. We are trained in a variety of different therapeutic interventions that will fit what you need.
(530) 419-5189 View (530) 419-5189
Catherine Scholz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95949  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Catherine brings: anxiety reduction practices (breathing, grounding, mindfulness, guided imagery & visualization), expressive arts practices (music, visual, drama, movement/dance & literary/narrative), mindfulness (loving-kindness), Non-Violent Communication (NVC) and Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT).
Catherine brings: anxiety reduction practices (breathing, grounding, mindfulness, guided imagery & visualization), expressive arts practices (music, visual, drama, movement/dance & literary/narrative), mindfulness (loving-kindness), Non-Violent Communication (NVC) and Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT).
(530) 804-5589 View (530) 804-5589
Photo of Victoria Eagle, PsyD, Psychologist
Victoria Eagle
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
I work with individual adult and adolescent clients to heal symptoms such as depression, anxiety, addictions, body image issues, somatic pain or illness, suicidal ideation, parent- child related difficulties, and attachment-based wounding. Through the lens of Internal Family Systems, a non-pathologizing approach to healing trauma, I help clients to align with their internal resource for healing, get to know the true meaning of their symptoms, and unburden the pain they carry. Clients report feeling greater connectedness, expanded perspective on their lives and compassion for themselves and others around them following treatment.
I work with individual adult and adolescent clients to heal symptoms such as depression, anxiety, addictions, body image issues, somatic pain or illness, suicidal ideation, parent- child related difficulties, and attachment-based wounding. Through the lens of Internal Family Systems, a non-pathologizing approach to healing trauma, I help clients to align with their internal resource for healing, get to know the true meaning of their symptoms, and unburden the pain they carry. Clients report feeling greater connectedness, expanded perspective on their lives and compassion for themselves and others around them following treatment.
(530) 435-7743 View (530) 435-7743
Photo of Alex Tulisso, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Alex Tulisso
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
The challenge is walking up in the morning and making sense of our lives in order to get going. The times that we live in are becoming increasingly more difficult. It is easy to feel alone, lost, stuck, and without a compass to find our path. The way to turn things around in our lives starts here and now. You have come to a safe place where you can be vulnerable, heard, and seen through and through.
The challenge is walking up in the morning and making sense of our lives in order to get going. The times that we live in are becoming increasingly more difficult. It is easy to feel alone, lost, stuck, and without a compass to find our path. The way to turn things around in our lives starts here and now. You have come to a safe place where you can be vulnerable, heard, and seen through and through.
(707) 730-2621 View (707) 730-2621
Photo of Kathleen Benson, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathleen Benson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
During difficult times, no matter how big or small the issue may be, I extend an invitation to provide support and guidance, while you and/or your family member(s) take steps towards healing. Everyone knows or understands what it means to suffer - whether one grew up in a volatile family system, carries the scars of traumatic life events or lives with feelings of self-doubt, inner discord or unhappiness. I can provide you with a client and trauma - centered approach to healing. I will help you acquire the balance, relief, or personal development you are seeking.
During difficult times, no matter how big or small the issue may be, I extend an invitation to provide support and guidance, while you and/or your family member(s) take steps towards healing. Everyone knows or understands what it means to suffer - whether one grew up in a volatile family system, carries the scars of traumatic life events or lives with feelings of self-doubt, inner discord or unhappiness. I can provide you with a client and trauma - centered approach to healing. I will help you acquire the balance, relief, or personal development you are seeking.
(530) 771-6615 View (530) 771-6615
Photo of Olivia Hardt, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Olivia Hardt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
Therapy is a conscious and brave decision. Daily stressors can have the effect of snowballing into something more overtime, a life change can hit out of nowhere, and past experiences seem to seep into the present day when you least expect an arrival. So, the reason(s) for therapy is subjective to you: It could be to improve the relationship you have with yourself and/or others, changing behavioral patterns or habits, seeking alternative perspectives, or to just be heard and seen.
Therapy is a conscious and brave decision. Daily stressors can have the effect of snowballing into something more overtime, a life change can hit out of nowhere, and past experiences seem to seep into the present day when you least expect an arrival. So, the reason(s) for therapy is subjective to you: It could be to improve the relationship you have with yourself and/or others, changing behavioral patterns or habits, seeking alternative perspectives, or to just be heard and seen.
(530) 236-6792 View (530) 236-6792
Photo of Danielle Daviscourt, MA, AMFT, APCC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Danielle Daviscourt
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
Welcome! I'm Danielle, a psychodynamic depth therapist and alum of Pacifica Graduate Institute. As a registered associate MFT, and PCC, Reiki Master, and Coach, I work remotely with clients across California to offer a holistic and integrative approach to therapy, focusing on the physical, spiritual, social, energetic, and psychological aspects of self. My passion for Jungian works, dreams, spirituality, rites of passage, and initiations enriches our work, assisting with transformative healing experiences. Together, we can navigate the ups and downs, finding inspiration in every season of life.
Welcome! I'm Danielle, a psychodynamic depth therapist and alum of Pacifica Graduate Institute. As a registered associate MFT, and PCC, Reiki Master, and Coach, I work remotely with clients across California to offer a holistic and integrative approach to therapy, focusing on the physical, spiritual, social, energetic, and psychological aspects of self. My passion for Jungian works, dreams, spirituality, rites of passage, and initiations enriches our work, assisting with transformative healing experiences. Together, we can navigate the ups and downs, finding inspiration in every season of life.
(650) 547-1438 View (650) 547-1438
Photo of Julie Marie Choquette, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julie Marie Choquette
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95949
Not accepting new clients
I believe in providing a client-centered, strength-based, nonjudgmental and compassionate place to assist clients in creating the life that they desire and deserve. I integrate various approaches in collaboration with clients to develop goals that promote healing and healthy living. Working with individuals, children and families has been very fulfilling and I feel fortunate to have the opportunity to do this work.
I believe in providing a client-centered, strength-based, nonjudgmental and compassionate place to assist clients in creating the life that they desire and deserve. I integrate various approaches in collaboration with clients to develop goals that promote healing and healthy living. Working with individuals, children and families has been very fulfilling and I feel fortunate to have the opportunity to do this work.
(530) 212-7122 View (530) 212-7122

See more therapy options for Grass Valley

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Grass Valley, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Grass Valley, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
84% Trauma and PTSD
80% Grief
80% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
69% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

38% Other
38% Medi-Cal
37% Aetna

How Therapists in Grass Valley, CA see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Grass Valley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.