Therapists in Green Bay, WI

Bonnie M Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSSW, LMFT, LCSW, CSAC, ICS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Green Bay, WI 54304
I learn by listening to my clients. I specialize in the treatment of dual diagnosis (AODA/Mental Health). I often work with affected family members, as well as, the whole family as balance is sought. Family Systems work is the earliest work done with individuals and families in learning how to regulate emotions in order to find equilibrium in relationships. These teachings guide my practice. Common issues include, premarital and marital conflict, life transitions, relationship betrayals, generational conflicts, chronic and terminal illnesses, grief issues, anxiety and depressive disorders.
I learn by listening to my clients. I specialize in the treatment of dual diagnosis (AODA/Mental Health). I often work with affected family members, as well as, the whole family as balance is sought. Family Systems work is the earliest work done with individuals and families in learning how to regulate emotions in order to find equilibrium in relationships. These teachings guide my practice. Common issues include, premarital and marital conflict, life transitions, relationship betrayals, generational conflicts, chronic and terminal illnesses, grief issues, anxiety and depressive disorders.
(920) 654-1838 View (920) 654-1838
Photo of Zach Zellner, MA, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Zach Zellner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Green Bay, WI 54301
The struggle of day-to-day life and the burden of past experiences can diminish the awe and wonder surrounding us daily. My hope is to be able to help you resolve past trauma, bust through mental blocks, and have you experience the joy of living to your fullest potential.
The struggle of day-to-day life and the burden of past experiences can diminish the awe and wonder surrounding us daily. My hope is to be able to help you resolve past trauma, bust through mental blocks, and have you experience the joy of living to your fullest potential.
(920) 250-9939 View (920) 250-9939
Photo of Dan Bergman, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dan Bergman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Green Bay, WI 54311
Today you are one step closer to feeling empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. As a solution-focused psychotherapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary psychotherapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be preventing you from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
Today you are one step closer to feeling empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. As a solution-focused psychotherapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary psychotherapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be preventing you from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(920) 933-8034 View (920) 933-8034
Photo of Sandra Dercks, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sandra Dercks
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Green Bay, WI 54301
I am a deeply spiritual person and have faith in God and Jesus. I am a wife and mother of 2 children. I have been in the mental health field for over 11 years. I have been passionate about helping people since a young age. In combination with my passion for helping others and my professional background will provide you with a well-rounded therapist. I believe in the holistic approach (healing throughout the Spirit, body, and mind). I love what I do! I counsel children 8 years old through adults. I specialize in providing the best quality of care to everyone that I see for counseling.
I am a deeply spiritual person and have faith in God and Jesus. I am a wife and mother of 2 children. I have been in the mental health field for over 11 years. I have been passionate about helping people since a young age. In combination with my passion for helping others and my professional background will provide you with a well-rounded therapist. I believe in the holistic approach (healing throughout the Spirit, body, and mind). I love what I do! I counsel children 8 years old through adults. I specialize in providing the best quality of care to everyone that I see for counseling.
(920) 310-8877 View (920) 310-8877
Photo of David W. Paluch, MS, EdPsy, LPC, BSN, RN, Licensed Professional Counselor
David W. Paluch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, EdPsy, LPC, BSN, RN
Verified Verified
Green Bay, WI 54301
I help others explore and resolve personal issues that get in the way of their happiness and well-being. I invite client's to experience a counseling process that releases distress and promotes a renewed sense of well-being arising from an authentic sense of health, hope, and happiness that makes life worth living.
I help others explore and resolve personal issues that get in the way of their happiness and well-being. I invite client's to experience a counseling process that releases distress and promotes a renewed sense of well-being arising from an authentic sense of health, hope, and happiness that makes life worth living.
(920) 843-9926 View (920) 843-9926
Photo of Leslie C Ousley - Wings of Eagles Counseling Clinic, MA, LPC, SAC-IT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Wings of Eagles Counseling Clinic
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, SAC-IT
Verified Verified
Green Bay, WI 54301
My ideal client is someone who feels overwhelmed by life's challenges and is seeking meaningful change. They may be grappling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues. Their needs include understanding and addressing the root causes of their struggles, finding practical strategies for coping, and developing a clearer sense of direction and purpose. Their goals are to gain insight into their thoughts and behaviors, build resilience, and achieve a greater sense of well-being and fulfillment. They want to feel more in control of their emotions and improve their relationships and enjoy life.
My ideal client is someone who feels overwhelmed by life's challenges and is seeking meaningful change. They may be grappling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues. Their needs include understanding and addressing the root causes of their struggles, finding practical strategies for coping, and developing a clearer sense of direction and purpose. Their goals are to gain insight into their thoughts and behaviors, build resilience, and achieve a greater sense of well-being and fulfillment. They want to feel more in control of their emotions and improve their relationships and enjoy life.
(920) 656-4039 View (920) 656-4039
Photo of Jesse F Kusserow, MSE, LCP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jesse F Kusserow
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSE, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Green Bay, WI 54301
We all have things that sometimes get in the way of living the life that we want to live. That is part of the human experience, and sometimes you need an objective and kind voice to help you reflect. It may take just a few sessions to get back on track, or you need more time and support to heal and grow. Whatever place you are in, I work to create a safe space in which you can explore, learn, grow and heal.
We all have things that sometimes get in the way of living the life that we want to live. That is part of the human experience, and sometimes you need an objective and kind voice to help you reflect. It may take just a few sessions to get back on track, or you need more time and support to heal and grow. Whatever place you are in, I work to create a safe space in which you can explore, learn, grow and heal.
(920) 482-6289 View (920) 482-6289
Photo of Karen M Pleshe, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen M Pleshe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Green Bay, WI 54313
Have you tried other forms of therapy or don't have confidence that counseling is going to help you? Brainspotting (BSP) may be the type of treatment that will assist you. Developed initially for PTSD, it has been found to be extremely effective in helping people overcome performance issues whether they are at work, home, athletically, or relationaly related. Whether it is trauma or anxiety symptoms that are the root cause of your problem, BSP can help you move beyond the negative beliefs and mental barriers that stem from these symptoms, to a place of peace,confidence, and improved well being.
Have you tried other forms of therapy or don't have confidence that counseling is going to help you? Brainspotting (BSP) may be the type of treatment that will assist you. Developed initially for PTSD, it has been found to be extremely effective in helping people overcome performance issues whether they are at work, home, athletically, or relationaly related. Whether it is trauma or anxiety symptoms that are the root cause of your problem, BSP can help you move beyond the negative beliefs and mental barriers that stem from these symptoms, to a place of peace,confidence, and improved well being.
(920) 710-0993 View (920) 710-0993
Photo of Amanda Cardinal, MS, LPC, NCC, NCTFCBT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda Cardinal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, NCTFCBT
Verified Verified
Green Bay, WI 54303
The hardest part about therapy is having to deal with those thoughts, feelings, and memories we've been pushing aside for so long. What makes it even harder, are our fears of being judged for who we are, what we've gone through, or how we've acted. I strive to create a space where you feel comfortable being your true self. I do this by showing you genuine compassion, empathy, and understanding as we work through the tougher stuff. As such, I work with children, teens, families, and adults whose social, academic/work, behavioral, physical, and/or emotional well-being has been negatively impacted by ongoing mental health struggles.
The hardest part about therapy is having to deal with those thoughts, feelings, and memories we've been pushing aside for so long. What makes it even harder, are our fears of being judged for who we are, what we've gone through, or how we've acted. I strive to create a space where you feel comfortable being your true self. I do this by showing you genuine compassion, empathy, and understanding as we work through the tougher stuff. As such, I work with children, teens, families, and adults whose social, academic/work, behavioral, physical, and/or emotional well-being has been negatively impacted by ongoing mental health struggles.
(920) 770-4088 View (920) 770-4088
Photo of Sarah Siebert, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Siebert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Green Bay, WI 54311  (Online Only)
Anxiety leaves us overwhelmed, frustrated, and feeling stuck. You may be sick of feeling stressed in everyday situations, tired of overanalyzing conversations, and worrying that you are not good enough. You might not remember a time when things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to feel confident in yourself without feeling worried. You want to find strategies to understand what you are experiencing and work to reset your nervous system so you can feel more peace. Most of all, you’re ready to find more enjoyment in life without the worry holding you back.
Anxiety leaves us overwhelmed, frustrated, and feeling stuck. You may be sick of feeling stressed in everyday situations, tired of overanalyzing conversations, and worrying that you are not good enough. You might not remember a time when things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to feel confident in yourself without feeling worried. You want to find strategies to understand what you are experiencing and work to reset your nervous system so you can feel more peace. Most of all, you’re ready to find more enjoyment in life without the worry holding you back.
(920) 875-5992 View (920) 875-5992
Photo of Megan Timm, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Megan Timm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Green Bay, WI 54304  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with a loss of sense of self, anxiety or feeling like you’re stuck in fight or flight? Does this affect your day to day life and ability to have the life you want? Do you feel overwhelmed by the demands of the day, unable to sort through your thoughts and emotions? Now more than ever, people are feeling lost and overwhelmed trying to find their place in life. I believe there is a way to open up your life and truly find joy. I offer a custom holistic approach for each client. I start with understanding you as a whole person - past, present and future - and will be beside you as you navigate life’s ups and down.
Do you struggle with a loss of sense of self, anxiety or feeling like you’re stuck in fight or flight? Does this affect your day to day life and ability to have the life you want? Do you feel overwhelmed by the demands of the day, unable to sort through your thoughts and emotions? Now more than ever, people are feeling lost and overwhelmed trying to find their place in life. I believe there is a way to open up your life and truly find joy. I offer a custom holistic approach for each client. I start with understanding you as a whole person - past, present and future - and will be beside you as you navigate life’s ups and down.
(920) 695-6865 View (920) 695-6865
Photo of Tara Foytik, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tara Foytik
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Green Bay, WI 54304
I am a Marriage and Family Intern who believes in empowering others to feel confident in the change they are seeking. We all go through life and wish that we had support, understanding, and someone to help us through all that life throws at us. Is this you? Are you struggling with relationship(s) and need someone to work that through with you? Do you feel isolated, judged, lacking confidence, or just feeling overwhelmed? I work with children, adults and families in a systemic model that have Medicaid or are able to do private pay.
I am a Marriage and Family Intern who believes in empowering others to feel confident in the change they are seeking. We all go through life and wish that we had support, understanding, and someone to help us through all that life throws at us. Is this you? Are you struggling with relationship(s) and need someone to work that through with you? Do you feel isolated, judged, lacking confidence, or just feeling overwhelmed? I work with children, adults and families in a systemic model that have Medicaid or are able to do private pay.
(920) 777-3025 View (920) 777-3025
Photo of Kimberly Kennedy - Phoenix Rising Counseling LLC, MFT, LPC, NCC, ERT, Counselor
Phoenix Rising Counseling LLC
Counselor, MFT, LPC, NCC, ERT
Verified Verified
Green Bay, WI 54311
At Phoenix Rising Counseling our goal is to provide a safe space for healing and open exploration of oneself. This is done through individualized treatment plans based on a clients needs and goals in counseling. The Phoenix represents transformation, death, and rebirth in its fire. As a powerful spiritual totem, the phoenix is the ultimate symbol of strength and renewal. As both a fire and solar symbol, the phoenix is symbolic of the sun, which “dies” in setting each night only to be reborn in rising the next morning. You are not alone in this journey. Let Us walk with you through the darkness into the light of who you are.
At Phoenix Rising Counseling our goal is to provide a safe space for healing and open exploration of oneself. This is done through individualized treatment plans based on a clients needs and goals in counseling. The Phoenix represents transformation, death, and rebirth in its fire. As a powerful spiritual totem, the phoenix is the ultimate symbol of strength and renewal. As both a fire and solar symbol, the phoenix is symbolic of the sun, which “dies” in setting each night only to be reborn in rising the next morning. You are not alone in this journey. Let Us walk with you through the darkness into the light of who you are.
(920) 259-2481 View (920) 259-2481
Photo of Nichole Baumgartner, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nichole Baumgartner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Green Bay, WI 54301
Not accepting new clients
I support neurodivergent adults (ADHD, Autism, BPD, cPTSD, etc) in better understanding their brains and creating systems that actually work for them. So often my clients tell me that they feel like everyone else got a user manual for life but they were absent that day. My role is to collaborate with them to create a better user manual for their unique brains so they can navigate life with less shame, more ease, and can focus on what matters to them most.
I support neurodivergent adults (ADHD, Autism, BPD, cPTSD, etc) in better understanding their brains and creating systems that actually work for them. So often my clients tell me that they feel like everyone else got a user manual for life but they were absent that day. My role is to collaborate with them to create a better user manual for their unique brains so they can navigate life with less shame, more ease, and can focus on what matters to them most.
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Photo of Colleen Rice, Pre-Licensed Professional
Colleen Rice
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Green Bay, WI 54304
I believe in the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit on the journey to healing. I tailor my therapeutic techniques to empower clients, supporting their wellness and growth in a safe, non-judgmental space that honors their unique experiences and identities. With experience working with individuals from diverse backgrounds in various settings, I am committed to helping clients navigate life changes, manage stress, and seek greater self-awareness to achieve their goals.
I believe in the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit on the journey to healing. I tailor my therapeutic techniques to empower clients, supporting their wellness and growth in a safe, non-judgmental space that honors their unique experiences and identities. With experience working with individuals from diverse backgrounds in various settings, I am committed to helping clients navigate life changes, manage stress, and seek greater self-awareness to achieve their goals.
(920) 678-7673 View (920) 678-7673
Photo of Jodi Ann Mathys, MSE, NCC, LPC, Counselor
Jodi Ann Mathys
Counselor, MSE, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Green Bay, WI 54304
I am a eclectic therapist which means that I use which ever technique will be most beneficial for the client. I get the client agreement before proceeding. I am trained in EMDR and am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional.
I am a eclectic therapist which means that I use which ever technique will be most beneficial for the client. I get the client agreement before proceeding. I am trained in EMDR and am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional.
(920) 875-5372 View (920) 875-5372
Photo of Carrie Ison, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carrie Ison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Green Bay, WI 54311
Thank you for taking the time to stop by! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in the State of Wisconsin. I have over 20 years of experience in mental health and addiction treatment, working with individuals from all backgrounds. I take pride in being an empathetic, approachable and caring provider, as I strive to challenge my clients to utilize their strengths in finding recovery. Your trust is paramount to our therapeutic relationship. I'm looking forward to learning more about you and the challenges you face.
Thank you for taking the time to stop by! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in the State of Wisconsin. I have over 20 years of experience in mental health and addiction treatment, working with individuals from all backgrounds. I take pride in being an empathetic, approachable and caring provider, as I strive to challenge my clients to utilize their strengths in finding recovery. Your trust is paramount to our therapeutic relationship. I'm looking forward to learning more about you and the challenges you face.
(715) 489-5248 View (715) 489-5248
Photo of Deborah A Goodine - Goodine Counseling , Licensed Professional Counselor
Goodine Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Green Bay, WI 54301
At the heart of my practice is behavioral health therapy, a powerful tool to enhance the quality of life. By empowering clients to focus on positive aspects, challenge negative self-talk, practice self-respect, manage stress and resolve conflicts in their relationships, I aim to foster positive transformation and growth. I believe that even small steps can lead to significant improvements, enriching daily experiences and boosting overall well-being.
At the heart of my practice is behavioral health therapy, a powerful tool to enhance the quality of life. By empowering clients to focus on positive aspects, challenge negative self-talk, practice self-respect, manage stress and resolve conflicts in their relationships, I aim to foster positive transformation and growth. I believe that even small steps can lead to significant improvements, enriching daily experiences and boosting overall well-being.
(920) 362-0447 View (920) 362-0447
Photo of Bethany Klim - Embrace Behavioral Health, LLC, PsyD, LP, Psychologist
Embrace Behavioral Health, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Green Bay, WI 54313
Waitlist for new clients
Are you seeking a compassionate and experienced psychologist to help you or a loved one with mental health challenges? Look no further than Dr. Klim. With over 17 years of federal service and 11 years of independent practice, she is renowned for her career focus on treating PTSD/trauma. Dr. Klim is passionate about helping the military, veterans, their families, and patients in rural areas. She takes a holistic approach to treatment, prioritizing measurable outcomes and providing a patient-focused experience you won't find anywhere else.
Are you seeking a compassionate and experienced psychologist to help you or a loved one with mental health challenges? Look no further than Dr. Klim. With over 17 years of federal service and 11 years of independent practice, she is renowned for her career focus on treating PTSD/trauma. Dr. Klim is passionate about helping the military, veterans, their families, and patients in rural areas. She takes a holistic approach to treatment, prioritizing measurable outcomes and providing a patient-focused experience you won't find anywhere else.
(920) 259-2735 View (920) 259-2735
Photo of Risa Lynn Janowski, MS, LPC, CCTP, CATP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Risa Lynn Janowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTP, CATP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Green Bay, WI 54304
If you are looking for someone who specializes in working with children and adolescents I have over 20 years of experience. Helping children and teens with issues such as stress, anxiety, depression, family issues, relationship issues, ADHD, learning struggles, low self esteem, parent/child, teen conflict, and sexual identity are all areas I enjoy working with. I am one of the few qualified therapists who provide services for children age 3 and up.
If you are looking for someone who specializes in working with children and adolescents I have over 20 years of experience. Helping children and teens with issues such as stress, anxiety, depression, family issues, relationship issues, ADHD, learning struggles, low self esteem, parent/child, teen conflict, and sexual identity are all areas I enjoy working with. I am one of the few qualified therapists who provide services for children age 3 and up.
(920) 657-5226 View (920) 657-5226

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Green Bay, WI

100+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Green Bay, WI who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
85% Depression
81% Self Esteem
77% Trauma and PTSD
76% Stress
72% Relationship Issues
71% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
62% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Other

How Therapists in Green Bay, WI see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Green Bay?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.