Therapists in Albany, NY

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Photo of Emily Wood, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albany, NY
Emily Wood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albany, NY 12209  (Online Only)
You are there when everyone needs you but have a hard time asking for or receiving help. You often feel bitter or resentful in close relationships because you have a hard time telling others how you really feel. You are ready to make a change and are looking for someone who sees and understands you. I’m Emily and I’ve been in the mental health field for 8+ years. I have experience working with people from all walks of life to improve their circumstances and live more authentically. I've had my own mental health struggles which helps me better understand and relate to my clients.
You are there when everyone needs you but have a hard time asking for or receiving help. You often feel bitter or resentful in close relationships because you have a hard time telling others how you really feel. You are ready to make a change and are looking for someone who sees and understands you. I’m Emily and I’ve been in the mental health field for 8+ years. I have experience working with people from all walks of life to improve their circumstances and live more authentically. I've had my own mental health struggles which helps me better understand and relate to my clients.
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Photo of Mandy Maryan Himes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albany, NY
Mandy Maryan Himes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12205
I am an extremely passionate, empathetic Therapist, with a deep understanding of human connection and how to incorporate that into building and sustaining healthy relationships. Through clinical experience, compassion, and empathy, I support those looking to make a positive change in their lives. I pride myself in providing a safe and supportive space to work side by side to overcome traumas and barriers that prevent us from living healthy, fulfilled lives. I utilize a holistic, individualized approach that is lead by meeting the client exactly where they are. I look forward to taking this journey with you!
I am an extremely passionate, empathetic Therapist, with a deep understanding of human connection and how to incorporate that into building and sustaining healthy relationships. Through clinical experience, compassion, and empathy, I support those looking to make a positive change in their lives. I pride myself in providing a safe and supportive space to work side by side to overcome traumas and barriers that prevent us from living healthy, fulfilled lives. I utilize a holistic, individualized approach that is lead by meeting the client exactly where they are. I look forward to taking this journey with you!
(518) 808-2923 View (518) 808-2923
Photo of Jennifer Melli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albany, NY
Jennifer Melli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Albany, NY 12203  (Online Only)
As a therapist I help patients make sense of their lives, past and present, enabling them to understand what causes their current struggles. This provides an opportunity for change by creating more fulfillment. Therapy provides an opportunity to feel better and grow as a person. It can alleviate symptoms by providing insight which helps develop your most genuine and creative self. I start my sessions by getting to know you and assessing your needs while we build rapport. As I get to know you, I am able to tailor my treatment approach to best fit your needs.
As a therapist I help patients make sense of their lives, past and present, enabling them to understand what causes their current struggles. This provides an opportunity for change by creating more fulfillment. Therapy provides an opportunity to feel better and grow as a person. It can alleviate symptoms by providing insight which helps develop your most genuine and creative self. I start my sessions by getting to know you and assessing your needs while we build rapport. As I get to know you, I am able to tailor my treatment approach to best fit your needs.
(607) 478-0414 View (607) 478-0414
Photo of Anika Dottin-Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albany, NY
Anika Dottin-Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12205  (Online Only)
I believe you are the main player in your life. Sometimes it may not feel this way, whether it is past experiences, unhelpful habits, or challenges arising in your relationships that seem to be taking the lead. My approach builds on established skills to develop the necessary tools to help you feel in control again. This process can take time, but will help you live the life that you want. Together, we can take time to explore your goals and obstacles, while also getting to know you as a person. You are the expert on your life, so I view therapy as a collaborative team approach that allows me to serve as a supportive guide.
I believe you are the main player in your life. Sometimes it may not feel this way, whether it is past experiences, unhelpful habits, or challenges arising in your relationships that seem to be taking the lead. My approach builds on established skills to develop the necessary tools to help you feel in control again. This process can take time, but will help you live the life that you want. Together, we can take time to explore your goals and obstacles, while also getting to know you as a person. You are the expert on your life, so I view therapy as a collaborative team approach that allows me to serve as a supportive guide.
(518) 851-8120 View (518) 851-8120
Mutual Arising Mental Health Counseling, PLLC
Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12210
Welcome to our Neurofeedback (NFB) Trauma Clinic and Trauma Resolution Retreat Center. Our group practice helps address a wide variety of conditions with NFB and then transition to our trauma resolution retreat services. After that, we support your needs with a mindfulness maintenance program.
Welcome to our Neurofeedback (NFB) Trauma Clinic and Trauma Resolution Retreat Center. Our group practice helps address a wide variety of conditions with NFB and then transition to our trauma resolution retreat services. After that, we support your needs with a mindfulness maintenance program.
(518) 351-7784 View (518) 351-7784
Photo of Zach Forbes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albany, NY
Zach Forbes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, ACSW, CASAC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Albany, NY 12203
Not accepting new clients
Normal is just a setting on your dryer. If you agree with this, then I'm your guy! I don't believe in a "one size fits all" approach. I work collaboratively with individuals to help them achieve the skills and insight they need to successfully navigate through challenges posed by daily stressors, including, but not limited to: relationships, work, school, and physical illness. By providing a holistic approach, I support individuals in achieving their overall health; physically, emotionally, mentally and spiritually. I will respectfully consider your cultural background, religion, and personal beliefs while working together.
Normal is just a setting on your dryer. If you agree with this, then I'm your guy! I don't believe in a "one size fits all" approach. I work collaboratively with individuals to help them achieve the skills and insight they need to successfully navigate through challenges posed by daily stressors, including, but not limited to: relationships, work, school, and physical illness. By providing a holistic approach, I support individuals in achieving their overall health; physically, emotionally, mentally and spiritually. I will respectfully consider your cultural background, religion, and personal beliefs while working together.
(315) 370-4496 View (315) 370-4496
Photo of Mark Persaud in Albany, NY
Mark Persaud
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12205
I have had the privilege of supporting clients through difficulties, including trauma, depression, sexual abuse, anger management, dysfunctional relationships, and issues related to sexual orientation and gender identity. I specialize in working with clients who've experienced trauma. Trauma has a widespread impact and its pain is often managed alone and the impact stays with us. BIPOC, LGBTQIA+, and other minority groups have experienced issues that have significantly impacted their mental health and I want create a space for them where they are empowered and affirmed.
I have had the privilege of supporting clients through difficulties, including trauma, depression, sexual abuse, anger management, dysfunctional relationships, and issues related to sexual orientation and gender identity. I specialize in working with clients who've experienced trauma. Trauma has a widespread impact and its pain is often managed alone and the impact stays with us. BIPOC, LGBTQIA+, and other minority groups have experienced issues that have significantly impacted their mental health and I want create a space for them where they are empowered and affirmed.
(518) 839-1479 View (518) 839-1479
Photo of Kristy Leo, Counselor in Albany, NY
Kristy Leo
Counselor, MS, LMHC, CASAC-T
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12207
I’m passionate in helping people better understand how their nervous systems work and affect their emotional well-being. I’m also passionate about helping people understand how a dysregulated nervous system leads to development of mental health conditions. It’s important for an individual to determine the focus of treatment and what they need to happen in order to consider enacting a change process. Sometimes someone just needs an active listener they can use as a sound board and to mirror back their experience. Empathy and validation are the cornerstone to my approach.
I’m passionate in helping people better understand how their nervous systems work and affect their emotional well-being. I’m also passionate about helping people understand how a dysregulated nervous system leads to development of mental health conditions. It’s important for an individual to determine the focus of treatment and what they need to happen in order to consider enacting a change process. Sometimes someone just needs an active listener they can use as a sound board and to mirror back their experience. Empathy and validation are the cornerstone to my approach.
(518) 414-3048 View (518) 414-3048
Photo of Courtney L Butler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albany, NY
Courtney L Butler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12208  (Online Only)
Are you tired of stress, worry, and depression affecting your health and happiness? Are you unsure how to handle it or what to do to make things better? Do you want to change the way you feel about yourself and your life? I can help you identify, explore, understand and change what is getting in the way of you getting more of what you want out of life.
Are you tired of stress, worry, and depression affecting your health and happiness? Are you unsure how to handle it or what to do to make things better? Do you want to change the way you feel about yourself and your life? I can help you identify, explore, understand and change what is getting in the way of you getting more of what you want out of life.
(518) 310-4583 View (518) 310-4583
Photo of John Kane, Counselor in Albany, NY
John Kane
Counselor, LMHC, MSc
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12203
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with mental health symptoms - anxiety, depression, relationship or family issues, intrusive thoughts, isolation, loneliness, grief or general "stress"? The discomfort may be the result of a short-term situational experience. Or it could be something you have struggled with for years. Counseling or psychotherapy can help you reduce or eliminate the discomfort you are experiencing. Just as people at times experience uncomfortable physical health symptoms, they can also experience uncomfortable mental health symptoms. The good news is, you can regain control over your emotions, your thoughts and your life!
Are you struggling with mental health symptoms - anxiety, depression, relationship or family issues, intrusive thoughts, isolation, loneliness, grief or general "stress"? The discomfort may be the result of a short-term situational experience. Or it could be something you have struggled with for years. Counseling or psychotherapy can help you reduce or eliminate the discomfort you are experiencing. Just as people at times experience uncomfortable physical health symptoms, they can also experience uncomfortable mental health symptoms. The good news is, you can regain control over your emotions, your thoughts and your life!
(518) 412-3365 View (518) 412-3365
Photo of Barbara L Freedman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albany, NY
Barbara L Freedman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12205
People arrive at a therapist's office, having tried their best way of getting along in the world, regardless of age, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation and so forth. A universal reason for seeking help is distress in a primary relationship. In therapy, I help individuals understand how past relationships with parents, siblings and significant others impacts relationship troubles in the here and now. A trusting therapeutic relationship offers an opportunity for exploration of one's own mind at the deepest level - healing, new pathways of relating, greater authenticity, vitality & living a life that's true to one's self.
People arrive at a therapist's office, having tried their best way of getting along in the world, regardless of age, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation and so forth. A universal reason for seeking help is distress in a primary relationship. In therapy, I help individuals understand how past relationships with parents, siblings and significant others impacts relationship troubles in the here and now. A trusting therapeutic relationship offers an opportunity for exploration of one's own mind at the deepest level - healing, new pathways of relating, greater authenticity, vitality & living a life that's true to one's self.
(518) 631-3782 View (518) 631-3782
Photo of Tom D'Agostino, Psychologist in Albany, NY
Tom D'Agostino
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12205
Not accepting new clients
I work best with patients who feel stuck, confused, lost, guilty, scared and frustrated. These are common feelings that tend to surface most when we face challenges and limitations in life. My goal is to help you better understand yourself so that you can make choices to bring peace and a greater sense of meaning to your days. I value building a strong relationship with my patients and will work collaboratively to create a treatment plan that fits with your goals.
I work best with patients who feel stuck, confused, lost, guilty, scared and frustrated. These are common feelings that tend to surface most when we face challenges and limitations in life. My goal is to help you better understand yourself so that you can make choices to bring peace and a greater sense of meaning to your days. I value building a strong relationship with my patients and will work collaboratively to create a treatment plan that fits with your goals.
(914) 996-6834 View (914) 996-6834
Photo of Jonathan Caputo At Nassau Psychology Pc in Albany, NY
Jonathan Caputo At Nassau Psychology Pc
MFT-LP
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12208  (Online Only)
Book an appointment online through our website www.nassaupsychology.org! Jonathan graduated with a master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Hofstra and is currently a PhD student at Antioch University New England pursuing his doctorate of Philosophy in Couples and Family Therapy. He has two years of counseling experience specializing in adolescents and family therapy. He has gained his experiences by providing clinical services at a college community clinic and a drug rehabilitation center for adolescents. The theory that resonates with him the most is Narrative Therapy, however he also finds value in (CBT) and (ACT).
Book an appointment online through our website www.nassaupsychology.org! Jonathan graduated with a master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Hofstra and is currently a PhD student at Antioch University New England pursuing his doctorate of Philosophy in Couples and Family Therapy. He has two years of counseling experience specializing in adolescents and family therapy. He has gained his experiences by providing clinical services at a college community clinic and a drug rehabilitation center for adolescents. The theory that resonates with him the most is Narrative Therapy, however he also finds value in (CBT) and (ACT).
(518) 809-8132 View (518) 809-8132
Photo of Lillian Ankrah, Art Therapist in Albany, NY
Lillian Ankrah
Art Therapist, ATR-BC, LCAT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Albany, NY 12207  (Online Only)
Clients come to me when they are questioning the health and safety of their intimate relationships, when they are confused and overwhelmed about how to manage people in their life who continue to hurt them, when they are dealing with the difficult decision of leaving a dysfunctional and unsafe job environment for their emotional stability…. My clients want to live peacefully, love abundantly and feel empowered! Hi! I’m Lillian. I’m an Art Therapist and I specialize in helping ambitious women who are healing from abusive or unhealthy relationships find more joy, peace, satisfaction and fulfillment.
Clients come to me when they are questioning the health and safety of their intimate relationships, when they are confused and overwhelmed about how to manage people in their life who continue to hurt them, when they are dealing with the difficult decision of leaving a dysfunctional and unsafe job environment for their emotional stability…. My clients want to live peacefully, love abundantly and feel empowered! Hi! I’m Lillian. I’m an Art Therapist and I specialize in helping ambitious women who are healing from abusive or unhealthy relationships find more joy, peace, satisfaction and fulfillment.
(518) 621-3198 View (518) 621-3198
Photo of Joa Riboul, Counselor in Albany, NY
Joa Riboul
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Albany, NY 12205  (Online Only)
The beauty of therapy is its ability to provide a safe space, unbiased, listening ears, and dedicated time to focus on you. I believe the therapeutic relationship is central. It creates the foundation necessary to promote mental and emotional growth and well-being. Therefore, each session we will work to build an alliance, which will become instrumental for making progress and attaining your identified goals. Come as you are.
The beauty of therapy is its ability to provide a safe space, unbiased, listening ears, and dedicated time to focus on you. I believe the therapeutic relationship is central. It creates the foundation necessary to promote mental and emotional growth and well-being. Therefore, each session we will work to build an alliance, which will become instrumental for making progress and attaining your identified goals. Come as you are.
(518) 240-9470 View (518) 240-9470
Photo of D. Catherine Walker, Ph.D. Psychology PLLC, Psychologist in Albany, NY
D. Catherine Walker, Ph.D. Psychology PLLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12208  (Online Only)
I believe that a good relationship with my clients is a necessary precondition to good therapy. I balance compassion and acceptance with a firm, challenging stance. After all, we don't grow from sitting in our comfort zones! My areas of expertise include treating eating, weight, and body image issues, mood and anxiety disorders, and helping people through difficult life transitions. While women's issues are a specialty, I have worked with clients with a range of gender identifications and I aim to provide gender affirming care. My clients are diverse by age, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, race, and ethnicity.
I believe that a good relationship with my clients is a necessary precondition to good therapy. I balance compassion and acceptance with a firm, challenging stance. After all, we don't grow from sitting in our comfort zones! My areas of expertise include treating eating, weight, and body image issues, mood and anxiety disorders, and helping people through difficult life transitions. While women's issues are a specialty, I have worked with clients with a range of gender identifications and I aim to provide gender affirming care. My clients are diverse by age, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, race, and ethnicity.
(838) 206-4793 View (838) 206-4793
Photo of Tyece Drake in Albany, NY
Tyece Drake
MA, MSOL, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12203  (Online Only)
In today’s climate Americans are experiencing increased stress and mental health challenges. Despite the advancement in technology, people are feeling more alone, desire connection and struggle with coping strategies to manage life’s challenges. This is particularly true for the BIPOC community. As a woman, particularly an African American woman, I have first hand experiences with what we call “The Isms” or Intersectionality; racism, classism and sexism. It can be difficult navigating complex emotions and overwhelm without support. The good news is I’m here to guide you through your journey of healing.
In today’s climate Americans are experiencing increased stress and mental health challenges. Despite the advancement in technology, people are feeling more alone, desire connection and struggle with coping strategies to manage life’s challenges. This is particularly true for the BIPOC community. As a woman, particularly an African American woman, I have first hand experiences with what we call “The Isms” or Intersectionality; racism, classism and sexism. It can be difficult navigating complex emotions and overwhelm without support. The good news is I’m here to guide you through your journey of healing.
(838) 201-3255 View (838) 201-3255
Photo of Gail Newman, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Albany, NY
Gail Newman
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albany, NY 12207
Hello there! My name is Gail. I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a heartfelt commitment to helping individuals like you find your way through anxiety, depression, trauma, and the many twists and turns that life presents. My years of experience have equipped me with the tools and insights to accompany you on this transformative journey. Therapy's collaborative, a journey to radiance requiring commitment. Delve into depths, illuminating shadows, uncovering growth seeds. Empathy's key—I'll support and hold you accountable.
Hello there! My name is Gail. I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a heartfelt commitment to helping individuals like you find your way through anxiety, depression, trauma, and the many twists and turns that life presents. My years of experience have equipped me with the tools and insights to accompany you on this transformative journey. Therapy's collaborative, a journey to radiance requiring commitment. Delve into depths, illuminating shadows, uncovering growth seeds. Empathy's key—I'll support and hold you accountable.
(518) 348-5807 View (518) 348-5807
Photo of Deanna Kessler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albany, NY
Deanna Kessler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12208
Are you feeling stuck and longing for a deeper understanding of yourself and your place in the world? I specialize in helping individuals like you to explore new realms of consciousness, creativity, and spirituality using Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy and Brainspotting. Whether it's past trauma, personal/professional stagnation, or a quest for self-connection, I'm here to guide you with compassion and expertise
Are you feeling stuck and longing for a deeper understanding of yourself and your place in the world? I specialize in helping individuals like you to explore new realms of consciousness, creativity, and spirituality using Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy and Brainspotting. Whether it's past trauma, personal/professional stagnation, or a quest for self-connection, I'm here to guide you with compassion and expertise
View
Photo of Authurine Tucker At Nassau Psychology Pc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albany, NY
Authurine Tucker At Nassau Psychology Pc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Albany, NY 12208
Book an appointment online through our website www.nassaupsychology.org! Authurine, a migrant from Jamaica, WI received her Master’s Degree in Social Work from Adelphi University in 2006. She received her Licensure for Social Work in 2010. With over 15 years of experience, she has worked with children/Adolescents, adults with various age ranges.
Book an appointment online through our website www.nassaupsychology.org! Authurine, a migrant from Jamaica, WI received her Master’s Degree in Social Work from Adelphi University in 2006. She received her Licensure for Social Work in 2010. With over 15 years of experience, she has worked with children/Adolescents, adults with various age ranges.
(516) 715-4421 View (516) 715-4421

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Albany, NY

500+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Albany, NY who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
74% Self Esteem
74% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Aetna
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
51% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Albany, NY see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
24% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Albany?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.