Therapists in Salem, MA

Photo of Hailey Lormel - Northeast Health Services - Salem, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Northeast Health Services - Salem
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Salem, MA 01970
Northeast Health Services is a group of local outpatient mental health care clinics dedicated to transforming lives by offering quality, easily accessible mental health care. With a commitment to excellence, innovation, and accessibility, we strive to provide personalized care that addresses both the physical and emotional well-being of every one of our clients. Our dedicated team of mental health professionals is driven by a shared mission to make a meaningful impact on the lives we touch, ensuring a healthier, brighter future for all.
Northeast Health Services is a group of local outpatient mental health care clinics dedicated to transforming lives by offering quality, easily accessible mental health care. With a commitment to excellence, innovation, and accessibility, we strive to provide personalized care that addresses both the physical and emotional well-being of every one of our clients. Our dedicated team of mental health professionals is driven by a shared mission to make a meaningful impact on the lives we touch, ensuring a healthier, brighter future for all.
(978) 915-7905 View (978) 915-7905
Photo of Genesis Barrientos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Genesis Barrientos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
1 Endorsed
Salem, MA 01970
I'm Genesis Barrientos, a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) dedicated to empowering individuals through therapeutic support and guidance. With a profound passion for aiding teens and adults, I strive to foster a safe and nurturing environment where you can explore your innermost thoughts and emotions. My therapeutic philosophy is rooted in the belief that building a healthy relationship with oneself is essential for personal growth and well-being. I approach therapy as a collaborative journey, empowering you to take the lead in your healing process while offering unwavering support along the way.
I'm Genesis Barrientos, a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) dedicated to empowering individuals through therapeutic support and guidance. With a profound passion for aiding teens and adults, I strive to foster a safe and nurturing environment where you can explore your innermost thoughts and emotions. My therapeutic philosophy is rooted in the belief that building a healthy relationship with oneself is essential for personal growth and well-being. I approach therapy as a collaborative journey, empowering you to take the lead in your healing process while offering unwavering support along the way.
(351) 666-8052 View (351) 666-8052
Photo of Emily Camp, Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Emily Camp
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Salem, MA 01970
Dr. Camp works with older adolescents and adults with a wide range of individual concerns, such as: Depression, anxiety, trauma, relationships, physical and sexual abuse, identity development, grief, and experiences of discrimination. She is passionate about empowering individuals in therapy through collaboratively establishing goals and moving towards change that centers their values, needs, life, and context. Dr. Camp primarily utilizes a cognitive approach to therapy, while integrating ecological systems and intersectional feminist lenses.
Dr. Camp works with older adolescents and adults with a wide range of individual concerns, such as: Depression, anxiety, trauma, relationships, physical and sexual abuse, identity development, grief, and experiences of discrimination. She is passionate about empowering individuals in therapy through collaboratively establishing goals and moving towards change that centers their values, needs, life, and context. Dr. Camp primarily utilizes a cognitive approach to therapy, while integrating ecological systems and intersectional feminist lenses.
(978) 797-8306 View (978) 797-8306
Photo of Brent Linihan, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brent Linihan
Pre-Licensed Professional
Salem, MA 01970
My ideal clients are individuals, couples, and families who feel stuck in patterns of disconnection, frustration, or self-doubt. They may notice recurring conflicts, emotional distance, or the weight of unspoken pain within their relationships. Others may be navigating faith transitions, spiritual questions, or the lingering impact of religious or church trauma. Many of the people I work with long for deeper understanding, connection, and peace within themselves and with those they love. Above all, they are ready to slow down, be heard, and begin the process of change with curiosity and compassion.
My ideal clients are individuals, couples, and families who feel stuck in patterns of disconnection, frustration, or self-doubt. They may notice recurring conflicts, emotional distance, or the weight of unspoken pain within their relationships. Others may be navigating faith transitions, spiritual questions, or the lingering impact of religious or church trauma. Many of the people I work with long for deeper understanding, connection, and peace within themselves and with those they love. Above all, they are ready to slow down, be heard, and begin the process of change with curiosity and compassion.
(978) 953-3403 View (978) 953-3403
Photo of Stacy Davidson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Stacy Davidson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
My therapeutic approach is depth-oriented, relational, and tailored to each individual. I believe everyone has the capacity to transform suffering into freedom, fulfillment, and joy—and that supportive, authentic relationships are essential to well-being. You may be seeking therapy to better understand yourself, navigate a life transition, feel more connected and fulfilled, or move beyond patterns that leave you feeling stuck. In our work together, we’ll explore how your unique family history and sociocultural context shape your experiences. Through this process, you can gain deeper alignment with your values and goals.
My therapeutic approach is depth-oriented, relational, and tailored to each individual. I believe everyone has the capacity to transform suffering into freedom, fulfillment, and joy—and that supportive, authentic relationships are essential to well-being. You may be seeking therapy to better understand yourself, navigate a life transition, feel more connected and fulfilled, or move beyond patterns that leave you feeling stuck. In our work together, we’ll explore how your unique family history and sociocultural context shape your experiences. Through this process, you can gain deeper alignment with your values and goals.
(781) 386-1514 View (781) 386-1514
Photo of Lee Fuoco, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Lee Fuoco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Salem, MA 01970
I am a trained family therapist and a strengths-based, solution-focused clinician practicing via a social justice lens. I have a clinical specialty with people 14 and older on the LGBTQIA+ spectrum, specifically with individuals looking for support through medical gender transition. I am a queer-identified professional, which drives and informs my passion to work with LQBTQIA+ populations. Pronouns: she/her/hers. https://leefuoco.com/
I am a trained family therapist and a strengths-based, solution-focused clinician practicing via a social justice lens. I have a clinical specialty with people 14 and older on the LGBTQIA+ spectrum, specifically with individuals looking for support through medical gender transition. I am a queer-identified professional, which drives and informs my passion to work with LQBTQIA+ populations. Pronouns: she/her/hers. https://leefuoco.com/
(617) 209-1964 View (617) 209-1964
Photo of MaryAnn Beaton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
MaryAnn Beaton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
I have been practicing clinical social work since I received my Masters in 1986. Settings I have worked in include: community mental health agencies, youth residential programs, schools (elementary, middle and high school), remote therapy platforms. I love my work and easily connect with all types of clients, placing importance on building trusting therapeutic alliances. I believe that patients exhibit courage to engage in the therapeutic process. I view the therapeutic alliance between myself and client as a partnership.
I have been practicing clinical social work since I received my Masters in 1986. Settings I have worked in include: community mental health agencies, youth residential programs, schools (elementary, middle and high school), remote therapy platforms. I love my work and easily connect with all types of clients, placing importance on building trusting therapeutic alliances. I believe that patients exhibit courage to engage in the therapeutic process. I view the therapeutic alliance between myself and client as a partnership.
(978) 410-9936 View (978) 410-9936
Photo of Leah Corral, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MAT, LCSW
Leah Corral
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MAT, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Salem, MA 01970
Not accepting new clients
I have been nurturing children and families for almost two decades. I began my career as a teacher, where I worked with children and families in general education and branches of special education, before transitioning to clinical social work in 2022. I specialize in working with children, teens, emerging adults, parents, families, and women across many identities. My clinical work focuses on the healing power of play; it's one of our universal languages and provides a potent container to help us communicate and hold our hardest stories.
I have been nurturing children and families for almost two decades. I began my career as a teacher, where I worked with children and families in general education and branches of special education, before transitioning to clinical social work in 2022. I specialize in working with children, teens, emerging adults, parents, families, and women across many identities. My clinical work focuses on the healing power of play; it's one of our universal languages and provides a potent container to help us communicate and hold our hardest stories.
(781) 650-6838 View (781) 650-6838
Photo of Elizabeth (Bizzy) Lucey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, RYT200, RPYT80
Elizabeth (Bizzy) Lucey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, RYT200, RPYT80
2 Endorsed
Salem, MA 01970
My practice, Rooted Life Therapy, is grounded in the belief that effective therapy is meant to help us bloom and thrive wherever our roots were planted. I work with both individuals and couples looking for growth and change in their lives. I have specific training and experience working with young adults in times of transition, identity formation, anxiety, grief & loss, depression, family planning, relational conflicts, and premarital preparation. I believe that therapy is meant to be a collaborative and empowering process of understanding one's self or relationship more deeply to create a life that is fulfilling and flourishes.
My practice, Rooted Life Therapy, is grounded in the belief that effective therapy is meant to help us bloom and thrive wherever our roots were planted. I work with both individuals and couples looking for growth and change in their lives. I have specific training and experience working with young adults in times of transition, identity formation, anxiety, grief & loss, depression, family planning, relational conflicts, and premarital preparation. I believe that therapy is meant to be a collaborative and empowering process of understanding one's self or relationship more deeply to create a life that is fulfilling and flourishes.
(978) 486-7250 View (978) 486-7250
Photo of Nina Stewart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Nina Stewart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Salem, MA 01970
Not accepting new clients
I view therapy as a conversation that puts you in touch with your inner voice and guides you in using its wisdom to make changes. I am warm and down to earth, and I use humor to create a space where you can be yourself while exploring new possibilities for your life. I offer a culturally-sensitive and collaborative approach to helping clients find joy and meaning in their lives. This can happen by navigating a life transition, resolving a relationship conflict, healing from trauma, or managing depression, stress, or anxiety.
I view therapy as a conversation that puts you in touch with your inner voice and guides you in using its wisdom to make changes. I am warm and down to earth, and I use humor to create a space where you can be yourself while exploring new possibilities for your life. I offer a culturally-sensitive and collaborative approach to helping clients find joy and meaning in their lives. This can happen by navigating a life transition, resolving a relationship conflict, healing from trauma, or managing depression, stress, or anxiety.
(978) 666-0009 View (978) 666-0009
Photo of Stephen Medina, Counselor, LMHC
Stephen Medina
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with 4 years of experience providing care to children, adolescents, and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and mood disorders. I completed my Bachelor of Science (BS) in Psychology and my Master of Science (MS) in Counseling at Bridgewater State University.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with 4 years of experience providing care to children, adolescents, and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and mood disorders. I completed my Bachelor of Science (BS) in Psychology and my Master of Science (MS) in Counseling at Bridgewater State University.
(339) 244-7023 View (339) 244-7023
Photo of Sarah Murphy, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sarah Murphy
Pre-Licensed Professional
Online Only
I am a Resident Licensed Mental Health Counselor with 2 years of experience working in community mental health and partial hospitalization programs. I focus on collaborative work with children and their caretakers. I enjoy working with young adults who experience anxiety, depression, and neurodivergence. I also enjoy utilizing the arts in the therapeutic space, especially visual art.
I am a Resident Licensed Mental Health Counselor with 2 years of experience working in community mental health and partial hospitalization programs. I focus on collaborative work with children and their caretakers. I enjoy working with young adults who experience anxiety, depression, and neurodivergence. I also enjoy utilizing the arts in the therapeutic space, especially visual art.
(339) 244-7023 View (339) 244-7023
Photo of Timothy Quiñones, Psychologist, PhD
Timothy Quiñones
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Salem, MA 01970
I specialize in working with: Artists and Musicians - Religious, Spiritual, Theological, and Existential Issues - Men Looking to Explore Feelings of Vulnerability - People Seeking Meaningful Romantic Relationships - Psychedelic Reintegration - Anxiety & Depression - Panic Attacks - Phobias - PTSD - Sexual Trauma - OCD - Navigating Challenging Relationships - Addiction - Setting Boundaries - Cultural Identity - Sexual Dysfunction - Short Term Exposure Based Therapy
I specialize in working with: Artists and Musicians - Religious, Spiritual, Theological, and Existential Issues - Men Looking to Explore Feelings of Vulnerability - People Seeking Meaningful Romantic Relationships - Psychedelic Reintegration - Anxiety & Depression - Panic Attacks - Phobias - PTSD - Sexual Trauma - OCD - Navigating Challenging Relationships - Addiction - Setting Boundaries - Cultural Identity - Sexual Dysfunction - Short Term Exposure Based Therapy
(978) 763-4610 View (978) 763-4610
Photo of Rachel Yarid, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Rachel Yarid
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
The people I serve align with wanting to create a space together that searches for a deeper connection to themselves, finding ways to gain more personal awareness and insight to the world around them, and take on gently guided challenges towards a steady, centered sense of self. I primarily focus on working through different levels of anxiety/depression, life transitions, relationships to others and self, confidence/ability, struggles/traumas, and learning gentleness through a mindful and intentional lens.
The people I serve align with wanting to create a space together that searches for a deeper connection to themselves, finding ways to gain more personal awareness and insight to the world around them, and take on gently guided challenges towards a steady, centered sense of self. I primarily focus on working through different levels of anxiety/depression, life transitions, relationships to others and self, confidence/ability, struggles/traumas, and learning gentleness through a mindful and intentional lens.
(978) 404-7825 View (978) 404-7825
Photo of Alexandra Bacigalupo, Psychologist, PsyD
Alexandra Bacigalupo
Psychologist, PsyD
Salem, MA 01970
Dr. Bacigalupo works with adults, providing treatment and support for those suffering from depression, trauma, anxiety, relationship and family issues, major life transitions, and substance and alcohol use. Her primary treatment approach is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, with the additional use of psychodynamic, family systems, mindfulness, self-compassion, and existential perspectives in her work.
Dr. Bacigalupo works with adults, providing treatment and support for those suffering from depression, trauma, anxiety, relationship and family issues, major life transitions, and substance and alcohol use. Her primary treatment approach is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, with the additional use of psychodynamic, family systems, mindfulness, self-compassion, and existential perspectives in her work.
(978) 321-3478 View (978) 321-3478
Photo of Shane MacDonald - OCD Specialist, Shane MacDonald, LICSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
OCD Specialist, Shane MacDonald, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
Our broad goal––of course––is “the end of unnecessary suffering.” Sound about right? While we all strive for this, I specialize in helping folks with a very-unique kind of suffering: OCD. I can tell you that few people understand the pain and complexity of OCD—(even most therapists). I will listen intently to your unique story. Just know that I can introduce you to an arsenal of tools that can help: mindfulness, ERP (exposure and response prevention) and on and on. Yes, thoughts can be “sticky.” But––with hard work––if (or when) those thoughts come back around…they can be as quiet & as harmless as a yellow post-it.
Our broad goal––of course––is “the end of unnecessary suffering.” Sound about right? While we all strive for this, I specialize in helping folks with a very-unique kind of suffering: OCD. I can tell you that few people understand the pain and complexity of OCD—(even most therapists). I will listen intently to your unique story. Just know that I can introduce you to an arsenal of tools that can help: mindfulness, ERP (exposure and response prevention) and on and on. Yes, thoughts can be “sticky.” But––with hard work––if (or when) those thoughts come back around…they can be as quiet & as harmless as a yellow post-it.
(617) 675-2000 View (617) 675-2000
Photo of Gail Sullivan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Gail Sullivan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Online Only
I believe that therapy provides a unique and supportive relationship that helps to foster a person's innate abilities for growth and healing, particularly when they are faced with stressful circumstances. By identifying life skills and coping strategies, a person can grow, heal or make the changes that they want in their lives. My approach to therapy is collaborative and engaging. I will work with you to understand and identify the best way that therapy can suit your needs. I have a person-centered approach with the utmost positive regard for the individuals who seek my help.
I believe that therapy provides a unique and supportive relationship that helps to foster a person's innate abilities for growth and healing, particularly when they are faced with stressful circumstances. By identifying life skills and coping strategies, a person can grow, heal or make the changes that they want in their lives. My approach to therapy is collaborative and engaging. I will work with you to understand and identify the best way that therapy can suit your needs. I have a person-centered approach with the utmost positive regard for the individuals who seek my help.
(978) 357-8726 View (978) 357-8726
Photo of Matt Stella, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DiplPW
Matt Stella
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DiplPW
2 Endorsed
Salem, MA 01970
Waitlist for new clients
Hello and welcome. My name is Matt Stella, and my goal is to reconnect you to the wisdom and depth in your life that make all problems workable. In fact, the worst symptoms and problems that we wrestle with often hold the seed for growth and transformation. Working with adults, couples, and men's groups, my life’s work is to facilitate transformation out of all forms of suffering. Part of my work is to serve male survivors of sexual abuse or assault. (See MenHealing.org) When needed, I use EMDR to address and heal the effects of trauma, abuse and neglect for adults of all genders.
Hello and welcome. My name is Matt Stella, and my goal is to reconnect you to the wisdom and depth in your life that make all problems workable. In fact, the worst symptoms and problems that we wrestle with often hold the seed for growth and transformation. Working with adults, couples, and men's groups, my life’s work is to facilitate transformation out of all forms of suffering. Part of my work is to serve male survivors of sexual abuse or assault. (See MenHealing.org) When needed, I use EMDR to address and heal the effects of trauma, abuse and neglect for adults of all genders.
(617) 249-3054 View (617) 249-3054
Photo of Michelle A Frederick-Newton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Michelle A Frederick-Newton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
**Private Pay and Virtual Only. Will Respond Via Email.** At one point or another you need someone to talk to. We all struggle at times, but we don't have to go through it alone. Sometimes, we lose focus on our journey and need assistance to refocus and get back on track. As a clinician, I value looking at a client as a whole person. I value utilizing your strengths, balancing different systems to discover the pathway to successful treatment. I am committed to dismantling the negative stigma of receiving therapeutic services in the Black and Brown communities.
**Private Pay and Virtual Only. Will Respond Via Email.** At one point or another you need someone to talk to. We all struggle at times, but we don't have to go through it alone. Sometimes, we lose focus on our journey and need assistance to refocus and get back on track. As a clinician, I value looking at a client as a whole person. I value utilizing your strengths, balancing different systems to discover the pathway to successful treatment. I am committed to dismantling the negative stigma of receiving therapeutic services in the Black and Brown communities.
(857) 837-3574 View (857) 837-3574
Photo of Haidee Cano - Haidee Cano, Confianza Psychotherapy, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Haidee Cano, Confianza Psychotherapy, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Life isn't something you should be expected to take on alone. I would be proud to be part of your community and walk alongside you in this journey. My passion is caring for BIPOC individuals’ mental health as they experience an array of life's transitions—school/higher ed stress, trauma, early adulthood/early career challenges LGBTQ+ identity, mixed race/racial identity, self-esteem, breaking generational cycles, being a child of immigrants & anything that may be feeling too heavy to carry on your own.
Life isn't something you should be expected to take on alone. I would be proud to be part of your community and walk alongside you in this journey. My passion is caring for BIPOC individuals’ mental health as they experience an array of life's transitions—school/higher ed stress, trauma, early adulthood/early career challenges LGBTQ+ identity, mixed race/racial identity, self-esteem, breaking generational cycles, being a child of immigrants & anything that may be feeling too heavy to carry on your own.
(978) 647-3018 View (978) 647-3018

See more therapy options for Salem

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Salem, MA

300+

Average cost per session

$161

Therapists in Salem, MA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
89% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
62% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Optum
69% Harvard Pilgrim

How Therapists in Salem, MA see their clients

52% In Person and Online
48% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
19% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Salem?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.