Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Lauren Blackwood - Lauren Blackwood - EMDR Therapist, LICSW, EMDR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Blackwood - EMDR Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02135  (Online Only)
I specialize in anxiety, trauma, and ADHD. Tired of worrying and hyper-fixating on things you could have done better? Do you frequently shift into an anxious body and struggle to calm yourself down? Emotional challenges are exhausting, with stress manifesting in overthinking, perfectionism, sleep issues, nausea, and panic attacks. You are not alone. Therapy can press the pause button on life and heal reoccurring patterns standing in your way. Growth happens when you have a warm therapist to help work through the hard stuff. I get that, and I place a premium on holding that safe space for you.
I specialize in anxiety, trauma, and ADHD. Tired of worrying and hyper-fixating on things you could have done better? Do you frequently shift into an anxious body and struggle to calm yourself down? Emotional challenges are exhausting, with stress manifesting in overthinking, perfectionism, sleep issues, nausea, and panic attacks. You are not alone. Therapy can press the pause button on life and heal reoccurring patterns standing in your way. Growth happens when you have a warm therapist to help work through the hard stuff. I get that, and I place a premium on holding that safe space for you.
(781) 546-9302 View (781) 546-9302
Photo of Jennifer O'Neil - Howe Counseling Services , LMHC, Counselor
Howe Counseling Services
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02111  (Online Only)
Throughout our lives, we face a variety of experiences- both positive and negative- that can deeply impact our well-being. These moments may lead to stress, conflict, relationship strain, anxiety, trauma, confusion, grief, and depression. Managing these emotions and thoughts can be challenging and overwhelming. However, even in the midst of difficulty, there remains a capacity for growth and healing. My practice is founded on this belief, and I am dedicated to supporting you in navigating life's challenges. Together, we will discover your strengths, overcome obstacles, and working towards a more fulfilling and balanced life.
Throughout our lives, we face a variety of experiences- both positive and negative- that can deeply impact our well-being. These moments may lead to stress, conflict, relationship strain, anxiety, trauma, confusion, grief, and depression. Managing these emotions and thoughts can be challenging and overwhelming. However, even in the midst of difficulty, there remains a capacity for growth and healing. My practice is founded on this belief, and I am dedicated to supporting you in navigating life's challenges. Together, we will discover your strengths, overcome obstacles, and working towards a more fulfilling and balanced life.
(508) 212-9848 View (508) 212-9848
Photo of Nicole Ferretti, LMHC
Nicole Ferretti
LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
Life is forever changing; the only constant is change. Managing change can be overwhelming, and it can be challenging to be the best you possible within that change. Sometimes, you need support around those challenges you are going through. In our work together, we will explore these changes and everything that comes with them to make you more confident in your ever-evolving world. In safe, warm, and work a judgment free pace. I earned my master in mental health counseling and art therapy in 2015 from Lesley University. Since graduation, I have worked in multiple different types of settings with very diverse populations.
Life is forever changing; the only constant is change. Managing change can be overwhelming, and it can be challenging to be the best you possible within that change. Sometimes, you need support around those challenges you are going through. In our work together, we will explore these changes and everything that comes with them to make you more confident in your ever-evolving world. In safe, warm, and work a judgment free pace. I earned my master in mental health counseling and art therapy in 2015 from Lesley University. Since graduation, I have worked in multiple different types of settings with very diverse populations.
(617) 341-8209 View (617) 341-8209
Photo of Danielle Crescione, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Crescione
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
If I were to imagine an ideal client, it would be someone who wants to change no matter what their needs are. It would also be someone who is open to new and innovative treatment modalities. It is also beneficial to have someone who is not hindered in what they discuss. Everything is important.
If I were to imagine an ideal client, it would be someone who wants to change no matter what their needs are. It would also be someone who is open to new and innovative treatment modalities. It is also beneficial to have someone who is not hindered in what they discuss. Everything is important.
(781) 230-6138 View (781) 230-6138
Photo of Jessie Shanks, LMHC, LCPC, Counselor
Jessie Shanks
Counselor, LMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Hello, some of my strengths include identifying and cultivating strengths in others, giving language to complex feelings, detangling complex issues and finding paths to wholeness. My goal in therapy is to support others to reach their personal goals and even help them identify what those may be if they are unsure. My ideal Patient is motivated to change and open to trying various techniques. I'm dual licensed in the States of Massachusetts and Illinois and provide only Teletherapy. I've been in clinical practice since 2013, yet have 20 years of experience through mentoring young adults.
Hello, some of my strengths include identifying and cultivating strengths in others, giving language to complex feelings, detangling complex issues and finding paths to wholeness. My goal in therapy is to support others to reach their personal goals and even help them identify what those may be if they are unsure. My ideal Patient is motivated to change and open to trying various techniques. I'm dual licensed in the States of Massachusetts and Illinois and provide only Teletherapy. I've been in clinical practice since 2013, yet have 20 years of experience through mentoring young adults.
(508) 348-7176 View (508) 348-7176
Photo of Regine Thiam-Kindler, LMHC, Counselor
Regine Thiam-Kindler
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02108  (Online Only)
Dear Reader, You deserve credit for taking this important step by searching for a provider who can support you on your journey of healing and growth. You might be anxious about making the right choice because you don’t want to waste your time and money. Know that I aim for my clients to experience therapy as a worthy investment. I am a licensed mental health counselor and former dietitian. I offer the perspective of someone who has lived, studied, and worked in two different countries, and who has served people from diverse backgrounds in various settings including inpatient, residential and outpatient care.
Dear Reader, You deserve credit for taking this important step by searching for a provider who can support you on your journey of healing and growth. You might be anxious about making the right choice because you don’t want to waste your time and money. Know that I aim for my clients to experience therapy as a worthy investment. I am a licensed mental health counselor and former dietitian. I offer the perspective of someone who has lived, studied, and worked in two different countries, and who has served people from diverse backgrounds in various settings including inpatient, residential and outpatient care.
(339) 220-5981 View (339) 220-5981
Photo of Leanne Thomas, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leanne Thomas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02117  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Currently accepting waitlist. Leanne Thomas has been in clinical private practice for over 5 years and in the social work field since 2011. She uses a CBT framework focusing on our learned thought/behavior habits, challenging our inner narrative, and tuning into our most authentic selves. She finds it can also be helpful to incorporate a bit of neuroscience to help explain the "why behind the what" when it comes to our experience and mental health. We have a lot of control over how we want to construct our lives, and I am happy to help you feel empowered to do so.
Currently accepting waitlist. Leanne Thomas has been in clinical private practice for over 5 years and in the social work field since 2011. She uses a CBT framework focusing on our learned thought/behavior habits, challenging our inner narrative, and tuning into our most authentic selves. She finds it can also be helpful to incorporate a bit of neuroscience to help explain the "why behind the what" when it comes to our experience and mental health. We have a lot of control over how we want to construct our lives, and I am happy to help you feel empowered to do so.
(857) 214-4954 View (857) 214-4954
Photo of Lorraine Helfand-Garcia, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lorraine Helfand-Garcia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116
I am a bilingual (Spanish) licensed social worker/ therapist for many decades. I feel honored to join you in your life journey wherever that may lead you. I believe strengthening your story of empowerment, resilence and recovery can take place when you take time to re-examine old stories, patterns and life experiences with another caring person. Together we can re-invent ourselves and surpass losses, trauma, hardships, discrimination and other life experiences. Let individual, couple or family therapy become a place of healing and growth.
I am a bilingual (Spanish) licensed social worker/ therapist for many decades. I feel honored to join you in your life journey wherever that may lead you. I believe strengthening your story of empowerment, resilence and recovery can take place when you take time to re-examine old stories, patterns and life experiences with another caring person. Together we can re-invent ourselves and surpass losses, trauma, hardships, discrimination and other life experiences. Let individual, couple or family therapy become a place of healing and growth.
(508) 257-7457 View (508) 257-7457
Photo of Cindy Tao, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cindy Tao
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Grounded and raised in a Chinese immigrant and Vietnamese refugee family, my roots and experiences have amplified my passion to address care in communities of color. The complexities of juggling responsibilities as a student, employee, caregiver. etc., can be exhausting and I'm here to say that I see you! You are more than just a person embedded in an institution, and your emotionality is cared for.
Grounded and raised in a Chinese immigrant and Vietnamese refugee family, my roots and experiences have amplified my passion to address care in communities of color. The complexities of juggling responsibilities as a student, employee, caregiver. etc., can be exhausting and I'm here to say that I see you! You are more than just a person embedded in an institution, and your emotionality is cared for.
(508) 474-7920 View (508) 474-7920
Photo of Jacqueline Menard, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jacqueline Menard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
Supporting you on your path towards wellness is my goal. Are you an adult who may be successful in most areas of life, but may find yourself struggling with the many complicated and stressful challenges in life? Is it harder to recognize and experience joy because of these challenges? I am a licensed clinical independent social worker, and have been practicing in the field since the early 2000s. If you are looking for realistic and effective methods of coping and managing your mental wellness, I can support you in doing so. I strive to provide a welcoming atmosphere where all parts of your identity are respected and affirmed.
Supporting you on your path towards wellness is my goal. Are you an adult who may be successful in most areas of life, but may find yourself struggling with the many complicated and stressful challenges in life? Is it harder to recognize and experience joy because of these challenges? I am a licensed clinical independent social worker, and have been practicing in the field since the early 2000s. If you are looking for realistic and effective methods of coping and managing your mental wellness, I can support you in doing so. I strive to provide a welcoming atmosphere where all parts of your identity are respected and affirmed.
(857) 304-0937 View (857) 304-0937
Photo of Luke Patrick 'tt' King, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Luke Patrick 'tt' King
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
Note: I am not accepting new patients at this time (April 2024). It is my belief that healing happens in relationships, and therapy is no different. We will orient our work toward what matters to you most, and through somatic tools, relationship building, and exploration of different parts of self, you can practice having choice over your patterns of being, relating, and feeling. I acknowledge the role of systems of oppression on mental health and wellness, and have particular training supporting an increased sense of safety, dignity, and belonging for those who have experienced trauma.
Note: I am not accepting new patients at this time (April 2024). It is my belief that healing happens in relationships, and therapy is no different. We will orient our work toward what matters to you most, and through somatic tools, relationship building, and exploration of different parts of self, you can practice having choice over your patterns of being, relating, and feeling. I acknowledge the role of systems of oppression on mental health and wellness, and have particular training supporting an increased sense of safety, dignity, and belonging for those who have experienced trauma.
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Photo of Janasa Austrie, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janasa Austrie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
My ideal client is open and receptive to change, willing to address the past, and ready to heal forward. They are persistent and committed to understanding healing as a journey. They are looking for support and guidance in a safe, trusting space that will allow them to learn how to live a more fulfilling life.
My ideal client is open and receptive to change, willing to address the past, and ready to heal forward. They are persistent and committed to understanding healing as a journey. They are looking for support and guidance in a safe, trusting space that will allow them to learn how to live a more fulfilling life.
(617) 213-9146 View (617) 213-9146
Photo of David Friedler, LMHC, LPCC, MPH
David Friedler
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LMHC, LPCC, MPH
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130
As a psychotherapist, I am continually committed to providing a safe and supportive experience for my clients. Using traditional and more current modalities I work to help people address behaviors that may affect interpersonal, relational, and career challenges. All are welcomed in therapy to learn new ways to manage the obstacles to personal social and occupational wellbeing. I work with people around longstanding issues of depression and anxiety, relationship difficulties, as well as adjustment to educational and career transitions.
As a psychotherapist, I am continually committed to providing a safe and supportive experience for my clients. Using traditional and more current modalities I work to help people address behaviors that may affect interpersonal, relational, and career challenges. All are welcomed in therapy to learn new ways to manage the obstacles to personal social and occupational wellbeing. I work with people around longstanding issues of depression and anxiety, relationship difficulties, as well as adjustment to educational and career transitions.
(617) 390-8074 View (617) 390-8074
Photo of Dr. Veronica E. Nuzzolo, PhD, CTP, LADC1, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Dr. Veronica E. Nuzzolo
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, CTP, LADC1
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02113  (Online Only)
Specializing in SUD Evaluations for RMV, DEEP & Security Clearance. I also provide services for Substance Use and Trauma Therapy remotely in Maine, Massachusetts & New Hampshire.
Specializing in SUD Evaluations for RMV, DEEP & Security Clearance. I also provide services for Substance Use and Trauma Therapy remotely in Maine, Massachusetts & New Hampshire.
(857) 728-3020 View (857) 728-3020
Photo of Aleia Mangano, MSW, LMSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Aleia Mangano
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am dedicated to providing affirming and trauma-responsive care, rooted in social justice-oriented, anti-oppressive values, and grounded in the belief that each of us has the innate capacity for healing, growth, and meaningful connection. I believe in the transformative power of the client-therapist alliance, emphasizing trust, empathy, and authenticity to build strong therapeutic relationships where clients may feel accepted, validated, and empowered. I offer a collaborative and compassionate approach, integrating a blend of relational, psychodynamic, cognitive, and somatic therapies in my practice.
I am dedicated to providing affirming and trauma-responsive care, rooted in social justice-oriented, anti-oppressive values, and grounded in the belief that each of us has the innate capacity for healing, growth, and meaningful connection. I believe in the transformative power of the client-therapist alliance, emphasizing trust, empathy, and authenticity to build strong therapeutic relationships where clients may feel accepted, validated, and empowered. I offer a collaborative and compassionate approach, integrating a blend of relational, psychodynamic, cognitive, and somatic therapies in my practice.
(508) 570-0740 View (508) 570-0740
Photo of Carolyna Mercado, LMHC, LPC, Counselor
Carolyna Mercado
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02108  (Online Only)
I believe it takes courage to accept and address one's mental health needs. It is for this matter that I provide the necessary guidance and support for individuals to develop coping skills and tools that will help address the problems impacting their lives in a non-judgemental environment. I’m bilingual in Spanish-English and I have been working in the mental health field for the past 6 years. In this journey, I have enjoyed working with a wide range of individuals that struggle with anxiety, depression, stress management, life transitions, crisis intervention, substance abuse, trauma, and multicultural issues.
I believe it takes courage to accept and address one's mental health needs. It is for this matter that I provide the necessary guidance and support for individuals to develop coping skills and tools that will help address the problems impacting their lives in a non-judgemental environment. I’m bilingual in Spanish-English and I have been working in the mental health field for the past 6 years. In this journey, I have enjoyed working with a wide range of individuals that struggle with anxiety, depression, stress management, life transitions, crisis intervention, substance abuse, trauma, and multicultural issues.
(857) 420-6245 View (857) 420-6245
Photo of Stephen Brady, PhD, Psychologist
Stephen Brady
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02115
I have been a psychologist for 30+ years during which time I have provided psychotherapy primarily to gay male professionals and students. I have longstanding and ongoing clinical, research and teaching experience relevant to the many developmental issues which confront gay men across the lifespan including coming out, depression, anxiety, relationship and intimacy issues, career challenges, substance abuse, sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS and successful aging .
I have been a psychologist for 30+ years during which time I have provided psychotherapy primarily to gay male professionals and students. I have longstanding and ongoing clinical, research and teaching experience relevant to the many developmental issues which confront gay men across the lifespan including coming out, depression, anxiety, relationship and intimacy issues, career challenges, substance abuse, sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS and successful aging .
(617) 431-5901 View (617) 431-5901
Photo of Naowarat (Nonay) B Irwin - Movement For The Mind, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Naowarat (Nonay) B Irwin - Movement For The Mind
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
I combining traditional psychotherapy with the expressive/creative arts and somatic healing techniques in my practice. As a mental health clinician and dance/movement therapist, I'm deeply passionate about guiding individuals through the mind and body integration toward holistic healing. Over time, I've had the privilege of working with a diverse range of clients, from children and adolescents to families and adults, each with their unique journeys and challenges. Through my experience, I've honed my skills in supporting individuals through trauma, anxiety, depression, and various other mental health concerns.
I combining traditional psychotherapy with the expressive/creative arts and somatic healing techniques in my practice. As a mental health clinician and dance/movement therapist, I'm deeply passionate about guiding individuals through the mind and body integration toward holistic healing. Over time, I've had the privilege of working with a diverse range of clients, from children and adolescents to families and adults, each with their unique journeys and challenges. Through my experience, I've honed my skills in supporting individuals through trauma, anxiety, depression, and various other mental health concerns.
(857) 384-5499 View (857) 384-5499
Photo of Ashley Walker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashley Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02128  (Online Only)
Are there times when you feel anxious, sad, or uncertain? Do you have difficulty coping with your stressors and find that you often push or run away from unwanted thoughts and feelings? You have taken the brave first step to search for a clinician who may fit your needs. Clients who come to me can expect a trusting, compassionate, respectful therapeutic environment that fosters creating positive solutions. We will work together to address your unique needs and challenges in a non-judgmental, safe environment.
Are there times when you feel anxious, sad, or uncertain? Do you have difficulty coping with your stressors and find that you often push or run away from unwanted thoughts and feelings? You have taken the brave first step to search for a clinician who may fit your needs. Clients who come to me can expect a trusting, compassionate, respectful therapeutic environment that fosters creating positive solutions. We will work together to address your unique needs and challenges in a non-judgmental, safe environment.
(561) 770-6408 View (561) 770-6408
Photo of Wendy Gladu Landry, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wendy Gladu Landry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Wendy and would like to meet you. Are you struggling with grief and loss? Are you caring for an older adult in your life, or have a chronically ill family member, and don't know where to turn? Are you an older adult yourself, and looking for someone who might understand what you are going through? Do you struggle with infertility issues? Does Huntington's Disease affect your family? Do you feel your eating behaviors are out of control, or struggle with weight issues? Do you just need some extra support at this time, due to life's stressors?
Hello! My name is Wendy and would like to meet you. Are you struggling with grief and loss? Are you caring for an older adult in your life, or have a chronically ill family member, and don't know where to turn? Are you an older adult yourself, and looking for someone who might understand what you are going through? Do you struggle with infertility issues? Does Huntington's Disease affect your family? Do you feel your eating behaviors are out of control, or struggle with weight issues? Do you just need some extra support at this time, due to life's stressors?
(617) 622-5674 View (617) 622-5674
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$154

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
70% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

62% Online Only
38% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.